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Locomotor adaptations in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivores from the italian Peninsula： Palaeoecological implications

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 269-283页

作者： carlo.MELORO Hull York Medical School The University of Hull Loxley Building Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK

Mammalian carnivores are rarely considered for environmental reconstructions because they are extremely adaptable and their geographic range is usually large. However, the functional morphology of carnivore long bones can be indicative of locomotor behaviour as well as adaptation to specific kind of habitats. Here, different long bone ratios belonging to a subsample of extant large carnivores are used to infer palaeoecology of a comparative sample of Plio-Pleistocene fossils belonging to italian paleo-communities. A multivariate long bone shape space reveals similarities between extant and fossil carnivores and multiple logistic regression models suggest that specific indices （the brachial and the Mt/F） can be applied to predict adaptations to grassland and tropical biomes. These functional indices exhibit also a phylogenetic signal to different degree. The brachial index is a significant predictor of adaptations to tropical biomes when phylogeny is taken into account, while Mt/F is not correlated anymore to habitat adaptations. However, the proportion of grassland-adapted carnivores in italian paleo-communities exhibits a negative relationship with mean oxygen isotopic values, which are indicative of past climatic oscillations. As climate became more unstable during the ice Ages, large carnivore guilds from the italian peninsula were invaded by tropical/closed-adapted species. These species take advantage of the temperate forest cover that was more spread after 1.0 Ma than in the initial phase of the Quaternary （2.0 Ma） when the climate was more arid [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 269-283, 2011].

关键词： Carnivora Long bones Quaternary Climate change

Gravitational and elastic energies stored in crustal volumes activate normal versus strike-slip and thrust seismogenic faults

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第6期15卷 194-206页

作者： carlo.Doglioni Dipartimento Scienze della Terra Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia RomeItaly

Shallow crustal faults are passive features mobilized by the dissipation of the potential energy and the shear stress accumulated in the brittle volume surrounding ***,the stored energy in the volume differs from the tectonic setting,i.e.,it is mainly gravitational in extensional tectonic settings,whereas it is elastic in strike-slip and contractional tectonic *** extensional settings,below about 1 km,the horizontal tensile stress is overwhelmed by the confining pressure of the lithostatic load,and it becomes positive,***,there is no horizontal tension in extensional tectonic settings and the pro-gravity motion of the crustal volume is provided by the lithostatic load,which is the vertical maximum principal *** elastic energy is rather accumulated by the maximum horizontal principal stresses,i.e.,iso-gravity in transcurrent settings and counter-gravity in contractional tectonic *** different relation with the gravitational force in the different tectonic settings generates several relevant differences in the three main tectonic *** extensional tectonic settings,both in continental and oceanic rift zones generate normal fault-related earthquakes,i.e.,pro-gravity movements,or *** differ from the other tectonic setting because are marked by(i)lower energy and lower differential stress to activate faults with respect to strike-slip and contractional tectonics;(ii)lower maximum earthquake magnitude;(iii)a larger number of low magnitude earthquakes in extensional settings because the crust moves downward as soon as it can move,whereas contractional settings require larger accumulation of energy to move counter-gravity;(iv)consequently,the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter is higher than 1 and the aftershocks are more numerous and last longer in extensional settings;(v)the downward motion of the hangingwall determines more diffuse cataclastic deformation with respect to the other tectonic s

关键词： Pro-gravity tectonics iso-gravity tectonics Counter-gravity tectonics Graviquake Elastoquake

Reliability based multiobjective optimization for design of structures subject to random vibrations

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第1期9卷 15-25页

作者： Giuseppe carlo.MARANO Department of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development Technical University of Bari viale del Turismo 10-74100 Taranto Italy

Based on a multiobjective approach whose objective function (OF) vector collects stochastic reliability performance and structural cost indices, a structural optimization criterion for mechanical systems subject to random vibrations is presented for supporting engineer’s design. This criterion differs from the most commonly used conventional optimum design criterion for random vibrating structure, which is based on minimizing displacement or acceleration variance of main structure responses, without considering explicitly required performances against failure. The proposed criterion can properly take into account the design-reliability required performances, and it becomes a more efficient support for structural engineering decision making. The multiobjective optimum (MOO) design of a tuned mass damper (TMD) has been developed in a typical seismic design problem, to control structural vibration induced on a multi-storey building structure excited by nonstationary base acceleration random process. A numerical example for a three-storey building is developed and a sensitivity analysis is carried out. The results are shown in a useful manner for TMD design decision support.

关键词： Structural optimization Multiobjective optimization (MOO) Random vibration Tuned mass damper (TMD)

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前颞叶内侧切除术治疗颞叶内侧型癫痫

山东医药 2009年第30期49卷 23-25页

作者：马辉夏鹤春孙涛 carlo. Marras 宁夏医科大学附属医院银川750004 istitu to Nazionale Nerologico‘carlo. Besta’milan

目的探讨前颞叶内侧切除术治疗颞叶内侧型癫痫的治疗效果。方法21例顽固性颞叶癫痫患者,采用无框架神经导航辅助,经颞中回行前颞叶内侧切除术,切除前颞叶、杏仁核及海马。采用分级量表进行针对癫痫发作控制效果的评价。结果21例术后随访... 详细信息

目的探讨前颞叶内侧切除术治疗颞叶内侧型癫痫的治疗效果。方法21例顽固性颞叶癫痫患者,采用无框架神经导航辅助,经颞中回行前颞叶内侧切除术,切除前颞叶、杏仁核及海马。采用分级量表进行针对癫痫发作控制效果的评价。结果21例术后随访6～29个月,神经功能均改善,无严重手术并发症。16例（76%）癫痫发作完全消失（EngelⅠ级）,3例（16%）癫痫发作极少（EngelⅡ级）,2例（8%）癫痫发作减少（EngelⅢ级）。结论前颞叶内侧切除术是治疗颞叶癫痫的有效方法。神经导航辅助下手术彻底切除杏仁核及海马,避免了语言区和视放射的损伤。

关键词：癫痫颞叶癫痫前颞叶内侧切除术

Multi-Scale Compliant Foot Designs and Fabrication for Use with a Spider-inspired Climbing Robot

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第3期5卷 189-196页

作者： Dan Sameoto carlo.Menon MENRVA Group School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada

Climbing robots are of potential use for surveillance, inspection and exploration in different environments. in particular, the use of climbing robots for space exploration can allow scientists to explore environments too challenging for traditional wheeled designs. To adhere to surfaces, biomimetic dry adhesives based on gecko feet have been proposed. These biomimetic dry adhesives work by using multi-scale compliant mechanisms to make intimate contact with different surfaces and adhere by using Van der Waals forces. Fabrication of these adhesives has frequently been challenging however, due to the difficulty in combining macro, micro and nanoscale compliance. We present an all polymer foot design for use with a hexapod climbing robot and a fabrication method to improve reliability and yield. A high strength, low-modulus silicone, TC-5005, is used to form the foot base and microscale fibres in one piece by using a two part mold. A macroscale foot design is produced using a 3D printer to produce a base mold, while lithographic definition of microscale fibres in a thick photoresist forms the ＇hairs＇ of the polymer foot. The adhesion of the silicone fibres by themselves or attached to the macro foot is examined to determine best strategies for placement and removal of feet to maximize adhesion. Results demonstrate the successful integration of micro and macro compliant feet for use in climbing on a variety of surfaces.

关键词： biomimetics dry adhesive gecko climbing robot MEMS silicone

Enhanced Compliant Adhesive Design and Fabrication with Dual-Level Hierarchical Structure

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2010年第3期7卷 228-234页

作者： Dan Sameoto carlo.Menon Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta MENRVA Lab School of Engineering ScienceSimon Fraser University

Synthetic dry adhesives inspired by the nano-and micro-scale hairs found on the feet of geckos and some spiders have beendeveloped for almost a decade. Elastomeric single level micro-scale mushroom shaped fibres are currently able to function evenbetter than natural dry adhesives on smooth surfaces under normal loading. However, the adhesion of these single level syntheticdry adhesives on rough surfaces is still not optimal because of the reduced contact surface area. in nature, contact area ismaximized by hierarchically structuring different scales of fibres capable of conforming surface roughness. in this paper, weadapt the nature’s solution arid propose a novel dual-level hierarchical adhesive design using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),which is tested under peel loading at different orientations. A negative macro-scale mold is manufactured by using a laser cutterto define holes in a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plate. After casting PDMS macro-scale fibres by using the obtainedPMMA mold, a previously prepared micro-fibre adhesive is bonded to the macro-scale fibre substrate. Once the bondingpolymer is cured, the micro-fibre adhesive is cut to form macro scale mushroom caps. Each macro-fibre of the resulting hierarchicaladhesive is able to conform to loads applied in different directions. The dual-level structure enhances the peel strengthon smooth surfaces compared to a single-level dry adhesive, but also weakens the shear strength of the adhesive for a given areain contact. The adhesive appears to be very performance sensitive to the specific size of the fibre tips, and experiments indicatethat designing hierarchical structures is not as simple as placing multiple scales of fibres on top of one another, but can requiresignificant design optimization to enhance the contact mechanics and adhesion strength.

关键词： biomimetics dry adhesive hierarchical dual-level adhesive silicone polymer

Probabilistic seismic response and reliability assessment of isolated bridges

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2005年第1期4卷 95-106页

作者： Giuseppe carlo.Marano Department of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development Technical University of BariTarantoItalyAssistantProfessor

Bridge seismic isolation strategy is based on the reduction of shear forcestransmitted from the superstructure to the piers by two means: shifting natural period andearthquake input energy reduction by dissipation concentrated in protection devices. in this paper,a stochastic analysis of a simple isolated bridge model for different bridge and device parametersis conducted to assess the efficiency of this seismic protection strategy. To achieve this aim, asimple nonlinear softening constitutive law is adopted to model a wide range of isolation devices,characterized by only three essential mechanical parameters. As a consequence of the random natureof seismic motion, a probabilistic analysis is carried out and the time modulated Kanai-Tajimistochastic process is adopted to represent the seismic action. The response covariance in the statespace is obtained by solving the Lyapunov equation for a stochastic linearized system. After asensitivity analysis, the failure probability referred to extreme displacement and the mean value ofdissipated energy are assessed by using the introduced stochastic indices of seismic bridgeprotection efficiency. A parametric analysis for protective devices with different mechanicalparameters is developed for a proper selection of parameters of isolation devices under differentsituations.

关键词： bridge seismic isolation stochastic analysis nonlinear softeningconstitutive law reliability assessment

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2010年第3期7卷 171-175页

作者： Yun-Feng Lan Yi Wen Zhou Fang Jin-Lao Gao Yan Liu Men Lin Hong-Juan Wang Yi-Cheng Fu Prori S.G carlo. Napolitano C Yang Li institute of Geriatric Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Molecular Cardiology IRCCS Fondazione S. Maugen Pavia Italy the Department of Cardiology University of Pavia Pavia Italy

Objective To characterize early afterdepolarizations （EADs） caused triggered activity （TA） among calsequestrin-2 （CASQ2） knock-in （CASQ2 Ki） mice and its relationship with aging. Methods Electrophysiological properties of ventricular myocytes from 3- month （mo, young）, 9-mo （adult-l） and 12-too （adult-2） in wild-type （WT） and CASQ2 Ki mice were investigated with patch-clamp technique. Results The incidences of EADs and TA in CASQ2 Ki cardiomyocytes increased with increasing age. in contrast, WT mice cardiomyocytes showed no significant change in matched-age groups. Compared with that in 3-mo CASQ2 Ki mice, the 50% repolarization of action potential （APD50） showed prolongation in both 9-mo and 12-mo ones （9.2±0.9 ms of 9-mo and 10.3 ± 1.2 ms of 12- mo vs. 5.6± 0.3 ms of 3-mo）, while the 90 % repolarization of action potential （APD90） was similar among 3 age groups. Compared with 3-mo mice, the 9-mo and 12-mo CASQ2 Ki mice showed markedly reduced transient outward potassium current （ito） densities but increased L-type calcium current （iCa-L） densities. Conlcusion This study suggested that events of EADs and TA in CASQ2 Ki mice increased with increasing age, it might be associated partly with the augment of cellular calcium concentration and the prolongation of APD50 induced by decrease of ito and increase of iCa-L in adult CASQ2 Ki mice

关键词： Calsequestrin early afterdepolarization triggered activity gene mutation transgenic mice

Asymmetric Atlantic continental margins

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 298-308页

作者： Adriano Vangone carlo.Doglioni Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia RomeItaly

We analyze the gross crustal structure of the Atlantic Ocean passive continental margins from north to the south,comparing eleven sections of the conjugate *** a general result,the western margins show a sharper continental-ocean transition with respect to the eastern margins that rather show a wider stretched and thinner *** Moho is in average about 5.7±1dipping toward the interior of the continent on the western side,whereas it is about 2.7±1in the eastern ***,the stretched continental crust is on average 244 km wide on the western side,whereas it is up to about 439 km on the eastern side of the *** systematic asymmetry reflects the early stages of the diachronous Mesozoic to Cenozoic continental rifting,which is inferred as the result of a polarized westward motion of both western and eastern plates,being Greenland,Northern and Southern Americas plates moving westward faster with respect to Scandinavia,Europe and Africa,relative to the underlying mantle.

关键词： Passive continental margin Asymmetric rift Moho dip Continental-ocean transition Westward drift of the lithosphere