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Molybdenum disulfide as hydrogen evolution catalyst:From atomistic to materials structure and electrocatalytic performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第12期87卷 256-285,I0007页

作者： Mohsin Muhyuddin Giorgio Tseberlidis Maurizio Filippo Acciarri Oran Lori Massimiliano D'Arienzo Massimiliano Cavallini Plamen Atanassov Lior Elbaz Alessandro Lavacchi carlo santoro Department of Materials Science University of Milano-BicoccaVia Roberto Cozzi 55Building U520125 MilanItaly Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR)Via P.Gobetti 101BolognaItaly Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697United States Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 5290002Israel Institute of Chemistry of the Organometallic Compounds-National Research Council(ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano1050019 Sesto Fiorentino(FI)Italy

Hydrogen production via water electrolysis defines the novel energy vector for achieving a sustainable ***,the true progress of the given technology is hindered by the sluggish and complex hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)occurring at the cathodic side of the system where overpriced and scarce Pt-based electrocatalysts are usually ***,efficient platinum group metals(PGMs)-free electrocatalysts to carry out HER with accelerated kinetics are urgently *** this scenario,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))owing to efficacious structural attributes and optimum hydrogen-binding free energy(ΔG_(H*))is emerging as a reliable alternative to ***,the performance of MoS_(2)-based electrocatalysts is still far away from the benchmark *** HER activity of MoS_(2)can be improved by engineering the structural parameters i.e.,doping,defects inducement,modulating the electronic structure,stabilizing the 1 T phase,creating nanocomposites,and altering the morphologies using appropriate fabrication ***,we have comprehensively reviewed the majority of the scientific endeavors published in recent years to uplift the HER activity of MoS_(2)-based electrocatalysts using different *** in the major fabrication strategies including hydrothermal synthesis methods,chemical vapor deposition,exfoliation techniques,plasma treatments,chemical methodologies,*** tune the structural parameters and hence their ultimate influence on the electrocatalytic activity in acidic and/or alkaline media have been thoroughly *** study can provide encyclopedic insights about the fabrication routes that have been pursued to improve the HER performance of MoS_(2)-based electrocatalysts.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction Molybdenum disulphide Electrocatalysts Synthesis techniques Sustainable energy production Water electrolysis

Litchi-derived platinum groupmetal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction in alkalinemedia

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SusMat 2023年第2期3卷 248-262页

作者： Seyed Ariana Mirshokraee Mohsin Muhyuddin Roberto Lorenzi Giorgio Tseberlidis Carmelo Lo Vecchio Vincenzo Baglio Enrico Berretti Alessandro Lavacchi carlo santoro Department of Materials Science University of Milano-BicoccaMilanoItaly Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia“Nicola Giordano”(ITAE) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR)Via Salita S.MessinaItaly Istituto di Chimica Dei Composti OrganoMetallici(ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche(CNR)Sesto FiorentinoFirenzeItaly

Within the framework of the circular economy,the waste litchi’s skins were upgraded and transformed into electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The waste litchi’s skins were pyrolyzed,activated,and then used as carbon support for fabricating metal–nitrogen–carbons(M–N–Cs)which belong to a promising class of platinum group metal-free *** activated char was functionalized with transition metal(Fe,Ni,and Co)-phthalocyanine(Pc)in monometallic and bimetallic fashion by subjecting it to a thermal treatment at 600 and 900◦*** samples functionalized at 900℃ showed higher performance for HER due to the formation of metal nanoparticles,whereas the samples functionalized at 600℃ showed higher performance for ***,sample Ni–Co 900 had an overpotential of−0.38 V for HER,while the sample Fe 600 was the most active electrocatalyst for ORR by demonstrating the onset potential of∼0.9 V(a half-wave potential of∼0.81 V)with the least production of unwanted peroxide anion.

关键词： circular economy hydrogen evolution reaction oxygen reduction reaction PGM-free electrocatalyst

Mono-, bi- and tri-metallic platinum group metalfree electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction following a facile synthetic route

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Industrial Chemistry & Materials

Industrial Chemistry & Materials 2023年第3期1卷 343-359页

作者： Seyed Ariana Mirshokraee Mohsin Muhyuddin Jacopo Orsilli Enrico Berretti Laura Capozzoli Alessandro Lavacchi Carmelo Lo Vecchio Vincenzo Baglio Anna Galli Andrea Zaffora Francesco Di Franco Monica Santamaria Luca Olivi Simone Pollastri carlo santoro Department of Materials Science University of Milano-BicoccaU5Via Cozzi 5520125MilanoItaly Istituto di Chimica Dei Composti OrganoMetallici(ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche(CNR)Via Madonna Del Piano 1050019 Sesto FiorentinoFirenzeItaly Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l'Energia“Nicola Giordano”(ITAE) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR)Via Salita S.Lucia sopra Contesse 5Messina98126Italy Department of Engineering University of PalermoViale delle Scienze90128PalermoItaly Area Science Park Elettra-Sincrotrone TriesteBasovizzaTriesteItaly Department of Physics Computer Science and MathematicsUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia Campi 10341125 ModenaItaly

In this work,platinum group metal-free(PGM-free)electrocatalysts were synthesized,characterized,and tested for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).These materials were mono-,bi-and trimetallic Ni-based electrocatalysts with the addition of a second or a third transition metal(TM),such as iron and ***–phthalocyanine(TMPc)was used as a metal precursor,mixed with a conductive carbon backbone and subjected to pyrolysis under controlled temperature and atmosphere *** temperatures of pyrolysis(600℃ and 900℃)were *** effect of TM loading in the precursors,different pyrolysis temperatures on the surface chemistry and morphology,and electrocatalytic activity towards HER were *** increase of NiPc in the initial mixture is beneficial to improving the electrocatalytic *** addition of a second and a third metal reflects positively on the HER ***,the pyrolysis temperature influences both the formation and growth of the nanoparticles,and this information is supported by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM)and light synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)measurements.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction PGM-free electrocatalyst Hydrogen production Ni-based electrocatalyst

Tax enforcement activities:Evidence on the impact of a threat-of-audit letter

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Economic and Political Studies 2024年第2期12卷 171-187页

作者： carlo V.Fiorio Alessandro santoro Department of Economics Management and Quantitative Methods(DEMM)University of MilanMilanItaly The Research Institute for the Evaluation of Public Policies Bruno Kessler Foundation(FBK-IRVAPP)TrentoItaly Dondena Centre MilanItaly Department of Economics Management and Statistics(DEMS)University of Milan-BicoccaMilanItaly Centre for European Studies(CefES) University of Milan-BicoccaMilanItaly

As part of their ordinary enforcement activities,tax authorities around the world use letters and other forms of personalised communications to elicit tax compliance at a low *** literature shows that the impact of a threat-of-audit letter(TAL)depends critically on the credibility of the letter which,in turn,depends on the information disclosed to the *** study a TAL that is credible because it also uses third-party information to target a form of cost manipulation but,at the same time,incentivises alternative forms of cost manipulation by not target-ing *** find that the direct impact on the targeted cost manipulation is stronger than the strategic increase in other costs,and therefore the overall effect of the TAL on taxable income is *** approach can be applied to any letter or enforcement action that reveals information to taxpayers and thus prompts their strategic *** observing the taxpayers’responses along all relevant dimensions,the tax authority can evaluate the impact of the strategy and also obtain valuable information to target future enforcement activities.

关键词： Tax compliance by businesses threat-of-audit letter difference-in-differences small business taxation

What do we know about the role of lncRNAs in multiple sclerosis?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1715-1722页

作者： Viviana Nociti Massimo santoro Institute of Neurology Fondazione Policlinico Universitario‘A.Gemelli’IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly IRCCS Fondazione Don carlo Gnocchi FlorenceItaly

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system of unknown aetiology although well-defined evidence supports an autoimmune pathogenesis. So far, the exact mechanisms leading to autoimmune diseases are still only partially understood. We know that genetic, epigenetic, molecular, and cellular factors resulting in pathogenic inflammatory responses are certainly involved. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that play an important role in both innate and acquired immunity, so there is great interest in lncRNAs involved in autoimmune diseases. The research on multiple sclerosis has been enriched with many studies on the molecular role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of the disease and their potential application as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In particular, many multiple sclerosis fields of research are based on the identification of lncRNAs as possible biomarkers able to predict the onset of the disease, its activity degree, its progression phase and the response to disease-modifying drugs. Last but not least, studies on lncRNAs can provide a new molecular target for new therapies, missing, so far, a cure for multiple sclerosis. While our knowledge on the role of lncRNA in multiple sclerosis has recently improved, further studies are required to better understand the specific role of lncRNAs in this neurological disease. In this review, we present the most recent studies on molecular characterization of lncRNAs in multiple sclerosis disorder discussing their clinical relevance as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatments.

关键词： antisense lncRNAs enhancer lncRNAs epigenetics immune system intergenic lncRNA intronic lncRNA multiple sclerosis sense lncRNAs single nucleotide polymorphisms

Resveratrol corrects aberrant splicing of RYR1 pre-mRNA and Ca2+ signal in myotonic dystrophy type 1 myotubes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1757-1766页

作者： Massimo santoro Roberto Piacentini Alessia Perna Eugenia Pisano Anna Severino Anna Modoni Claudio Grassi Gabriella Silvestri IRCCS Fondazione Don carlo Gnocchi MilanItaly Department of Neuroscience Universita Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences Universita Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS RomeItaly

Myotonic dystrophy type 1(DM1) is a spliceopathy related to the mis-splicing of several genes caused by sequestration of nuclear transcriptional RNA-binding factors from non-coding CUG repeats of DMPK pre-mRNAs. Dysregulation of ryanodine receptor 1(RYR1), sarcoplasmatic/endoplasmatic Ca^2+-ATPase(SERCA) and α1 S subunit of voltage-gated Ca^2+ channels(Cav1.1) is related to Ca^2+ homeostasis and excitation-contraction coupling impairment. Though no pharmacological treatment for DM1 exists, aberrant splicing correction represents one major therapeutic target for this disease. Resveratrol(RES, 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a promising pharmacological tools for DM1 treatment for its ability to directly bind the DNA and RNA influencing gene expression and alternative splicing. Herein, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of RES in DM1 myotubes in a pilot study including cultured myotubes from two DM1 patients and two healthy controls. Our results indicated that RES treatment corrected the aberrant splicing of RYR1, and this event appeared associated with restoring of depolarization-induced Ca^2+ release from RYR1 dependent on the electro-mechanical coupling between RYR1 and Cav1.1. Interestingly, immunoblotting studies showed that RES treatment was associated with a reduction in the levels of CUGBP Elav-like family member 1, while RYR1, Cav1.1 and SERCA1 protein levels were unchanged. Finally, RES treatment did not induce any major changes either in the amount of ribonuclear foci or sequestration of muscleblind-like splicing regulator 1. Overall, the results of this pilot study would support RES as an attractive compound for future clinical trials in DM1. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy(rs9879/14) on May 20, 2014.

关键词： alternative splicing calcium homeostasis CUG-BP1 foci MBNL1 myotonic dystrophy type 1 myotubes resveratrol

Renal biopsy:Still a landmark for the nephrologist

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第4期5卷 321-327页

作者： Luca Visconti Valeria Cernaro carlo Alberto Ricciardi Viviana Lacava Vincenzo Pellicanò Antonio Lacquaniti Michele Buemi Domenico santoro Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis University of Messina

Renal biopsy was performed for the first time more than one century ago, but its clinical use was routinely introduced in the 1950s. It is still an essential tool for diagnosis and choice of treatment of several primary or secondary kidney diseases. Moreover, it may help to know the expected time of end stage renal disease. The indications are represented by nephritic and/or nephrotic syndrome and rapidly progressive acute renal failure of unknown origin. Nowadays, it is performed mainly by nephrologists and radiologists using a 14-18 gauges needle with automated spring-loaded biopsy device, under real-time ultrasound guidance. Bleeding is the major primary complication that in rare cases may lead to retroperitoneal haemorrhage and need for surgical intervention and/or death. For this reason, careful evaluation of risks and benefts must be taken into account, and all procedures to minimize the risk of complications must be observed. After biopsy, an observation time of 12-24 h is necessary, whilst a prolonged observation may be needed rarely. In some cases it could be safer to use different techniques to reduce the risk of complications, such as laparoscopic or transjugular renal biopsy in patients with coagulopathy or alternative approaches in obese patients. Despite progress in medicine over the years with the introduction of more advanced molecular biology techniques, renal biopsy is still an irreplaceable tool for nephrologists.

关键词： Renal biopsy Acute kidney injury Bleeding Haematuria Hematoma Chronic renal failure

Far lateral lumbar disc herniation part 1: Imaging, neurophysiology and clinical features

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第12期12卷 961-969页

作者： Luigi Valentino Berra Andrea Di Rita Federico Longhitano Enrico Mailland Paolo Reganati Alessandro Frati Antonio santoro Department of Neurosurgery Policlinico Umberto I-Sapienza Universitàdi RomaRoma 00161Italy Department of Neurosurgery San Carlo Borromeo HospitalMilano 20153Italy Department of Neurology San Carlo Borromeo HospitalMilano 20153Italy Department of Neuroradiology Manzoni HospitalLecco 23900Italy Neurosurgery Division Human Neurosciences Department Sapienza UniversityRoma 00135Italy andDepartment of NeurosurgeryIRCCS NeuromedPozzilli IS 86077Italy Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza Universitàdi RomaRoma 00161Italy

Far lateral lumbar disc herniations(FLLDH)represent a separate category of disc pathology which includes both intraforaminal and extraforaminal lumbar disc herniations,that are characterized by a peculiar clinical presentation,diagnostic and treatment modalities as compared to the more frequent median and paramedian disc *** treatment often represents the only effective weapon for the cure of this disease and over the years different approaches have been developed that can reach the region of the foramen or external to it,with different degrees of *** diagnosis is more demanding and still underestimated as it requires a more detailed knowledge in the spine anatomy and dedicated radiological *** tomography and in particular magnetic resonance imaging are the appropriate tools for the diagnosis of *** the widespread use of these diagnostic tests,many cases of FLLDH are overlooked due to insufficiently detailed radiological examinations or due to the execution of exams not focused to the foraminal or the extraforaminal *** studies represent a valid aid in the diagnostic classification of this pathology and in some cases they can facilitate the differential diagnosis with other types of *** the present study,a comprehensive review of the clinical presentation,epidemiology,radiological study and the neurophysiological aspects is presented.

关键词： Far lateral lumbar disc herniaton Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis Clinical presentation Neurophysiology Epidemiology