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Effect of the timing of gluten introduction on the development of celiac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第16期16卷 1939-1942页

作者： Marco Silano carlo Agostoni Stefano Guandalini Unit of Human Nutrition and Health Italian National Institute of Health Department of Maternal and Pediatric Sciences University of MilanFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilano 20122Italy Department of Pediatrics Section of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of Chicago

Celiac disease(CD) is a permanent auto-immune enteropathy,triggered in genetically predisposed individuals by the ingestion of dietary *** is the alcohol-soluble protein component of the cereals wheat,rye and *** is a multifactorial condition,originating from the interplay of genetic and environmental *** necessary environmental trigger is gluten,while the genetic predisposition has been identified in the major histocompatibility complex region on chromosome 6p21,with over 90% of CD patients expressing HLA DQ2 and the remaining celiac patients express *** fact that only about 4% of DQ2/8positive individuals exposed to gluten develop CD,has led to the recognition that other genetic and environmental factors are also *** the last few years,several epidemiological studies have suggested that the timing of the introduction of gluten,as well as the pattern of breastfeeding,may play an important role in the subsequent development of ***,we present and review the most recent evidences regarding the effect of timing of gluten introduction during weaning,the amount of gluten introduced and simultaneous breastfeeding,on the development of CD.

关键词： Celiac disease Gluten Weaning Breastfeeding Prevention Autoimmunity Anti-transglutaminase antibody Duodenal biopsy

The SIRveNIB and SARAH trials, radioembolization vs. sorafenib in advanced HCC patients: reasons for a failure, and perspectives for the future

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第6期7卷 487-489页

作者： carlo Sposito Vincenzo Mazzaferro Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di MilanoMilanItaly University of Milan MilanItaly

Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death *** carcinoma(HCC)represents nearly 90%of primary liver cancers,and constitutes a major health problem worldwide(1).When diagnosed at an early stage of the disease,HCC may benefit from potentially curative treatments such as liver resection,liver transplantation or local *** effectiveness of treatment in early and very early stages,most patients are diagnosed or progress to an intermediate or advanced stage,in which treatment options are limited and the prognosis is poor(2).

关键词： patients Liver treatment

Cognitive training in neurodegenerative diseases: a way to boost neuroprotective molecules?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1754-1755页

作者： Francesco Angelucci carlo Caltagirone Alberto Costa IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology Department of Systemic Medicine Rome University Tor Vergata Niccolò Cusano University

Neurotrophins,and growth factors in general,are proteins which exert many actions in central nervous system *** promote the survival and neuronal function of neurons and exert neuroprotective effects in pathological models of neurodegenerative *** humans several clinical trials based on the use of these proteins have been carried out. Among them, it is worth to mention gene ther- apy especially in Parkinson＇s disease （PD）（Kordower and Bjorklund, 2013）, and a series of experiments using vectors capable of carrying neurotrophins in the selected target re- gion where they can exert their beneficial action （Ghosh et al., 2014）.

关键词： BDNF a way to boost neuroprotective molecules Cognitive training in neurodegenerative diseases

A cautionary note on some phylogenetic dissimilarity measures

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第1期8卷 12-16页

作者： carlo Ricotta Giovanni Bacaro Sandrine Pavoine Department of Environmental Biology University of Rome‘La Sapienza’Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185 RomeItaly CNR-IRPI Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione IdrogeologicaVia Madonna Alta 12606128 PerugiaItaly Department of Life Science BIOCONNETBiodiversity and Conservation NetworkUniversity of SienaVia P.A.Mattioli 453100 SienaItaly Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleUMR 7204 CNRS UPMC55-61 Rue Buffon75005 ParisFrance Department of Zoology Mathematical Ecology Research GroupUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13PSUK

Aims Measures of plot-to-plot phylogenetic dissimilarity and beta diversity are providing a powerful tool for understanding the complex ecolog-ical and evolutionary mechanisms that drive community *** Here,we review the properties of some previously published dis-similarity measures that are based on minimum or average phylo-genetic dissimilarity between species in different *** Findings We first show that some of these measures violate the basic condi-tion that for two identical plots the measures take the value *** also violate the condition that the dissimilarity between two identical plots should always be lower than that between two differ-ent *** erratic behavior renders these measures unsuitable for measuring plot-to-plot phylogenetic *** next pro-pose a new measure that satisfies these conditions,thus providing a more reasonable way for measuring phylogenetic dissimilarity.

关键词： abundance-weighted dissimilarity measures index symmetry patristic distances presence/absence dissimilarity measures nearest-neighbor metrics

Klotho:A new therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第7期14卷 1027-1036页

作者： Alessandra Puddu Davide carlo Maggi Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties University of GenovaGenova 16132Italy

Klotho(Kl)is considered an antiaging gene,mainly for the inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 *** exists as full-length transmembrane,which acts as co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor receptor,and in soluble forms(sKl).The sKl may exert pleiotropic effects on organs and tissues by regulating several pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with oxidative and inflammatory *** diabetic Patients,serum levels of Kl are significantly decreased compared to healthy subjects,and are related to duration of *** diabetic retinopathy(DR),one of the most common microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes,serum Kl levels are negatively correlated with progression of the disease.A lot of evidences showed that Kl regulates several mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis and functions of retinal cells,including phagocytosis,calcium signaling,secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A),maintenance of redox status,and melanin *** data have been shown that Kl exerts positive effects on several mechanisms involved in onset and progression of *** particular,treatment with Kl:(1)Prevents apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in human retinal endothelial cells and in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells;(2)reduces secretion of VEGF-A by RPE cells;and(3)decreases subretinal fibrosis and preserves autophagic ***,Kl may become a novel biomarker and a good candidate for the treatment of DR.

关键词： Klotho Diabetic retinopathy Retinal pigment epithelium Vascular endothelial growth factor A Epithelial to mesenchimal transition Ocular neovascularization

Raman spectra and vibrational analysis of CsPbI3:A fast and reliable technique to identify lead halide perovskite polymorphs

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Journal of Materiomics 2021年第1期7卷 127-135页

作者： Jessica Satta Claudio Melis carlo Maria Carbonaro Andrea Pinna Manuel Salado Daniel Salazar Pier carlo Ricci Department of Physics University of CagliariS.p.No.8 Km 0.70009042MonserratoCAItaly Department of Mechanical Chemical and Materials EngineeringCINSAINSTMUniversity of CagliariVia Marengo 2CagliariI-09123Italy BCMaterials Basque Center for MaterialsApplications and NanostructuresUPV/EHU Science Park48940LeioaSpain

A major issue in the development of Lead halide perovskites is the assessment of the crystal structure of the samples,due to their typically limited time-stability,and the understanding of the role of external factors that can induce a crystal phase transformation(such as humidity,intense light flux,temperature,etc.).In this perspective,it is of utmost importance to have at disposal a fast and reliable experimental tool able to give an immediate indication of the polymorph of the sample with the possibility to integrate in-situ measurements for constant *** this paper we propose Raman spectroscopy as the ideal technique to solve this *** vibrational analysis of CsPbI3 in the a-phase and 5-phase and of the Cs4PbI6 secondary phase is reported and all the vibrational modes are assigned by comparing experimental spectra of the phases to Raman modes calculated within the DFT ***,the mechanism of laser induced phase degradation was studied using in-situ Raman measurements providing new insights on the secondary phase generated during the process.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy CsPb13 Inorganic lead halide perovskites Phase transformation

Implications of small-bowel transit time in the detection rate of capsule endoscopy: A multivariable multicenter study of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第4期23卷 697-702页

作者： carlo Maria Girelli Marco Soncini Emanuele Rondonotti Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit Hospital of Busto Arsizio(VA) Gastroenterology S.Carlo Hospital Gastroenterology Valduce Hospital

AIMTo define the role of small-bowel transit time in the detection rate of significant small-bowel ***-bowel capsule endoscopy records, prospectively collected from 30 participating centers in the Lombardy Registry from October 2011 to December 2013, were included in the study if the clinical indication was obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and the capsule reached the cecum. Based on capsule findings, we created two groups: P2 (significant findings) and P0-1 (normal/negligible findings). Groups were compared for age, gender, small-bowel transit time, type of instrument, modality of capsule performance (outpatients vs inpatients), bowel cleanliness, and center *** retrieved and scrutinized 1,433 out of 2,295 capsule endoscopy records (62.4%) fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Patients were 67 ± 15 years old, and 815 (57%) were males. In comparison with patients in the P0-1 group, those in the P2 group (n = 776, 54%) were older (P < 0.0001), had a longer small-bowel transit time (P = 0.0015), and were more frequently examined in low-volume centers (P < 0.001). Age and small-bowel transit time were correlated (P < 0.001), with age as the sole independent predictor on multivariable analysis. Findings of the P2 group were artero-venous malformations (54.5%), inflammatory (23.6%) and protruding (10.4%) lesions, and luminal blood (11.5%).CONCLUSIONIn this selected, prospectively collected cohort of small-bowel capsule endoscopy performed for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, a longer small-bowel transit time was associated with a higher detection rate of significant lesions, along with age and a low center volume, with age serving as an independent predictor.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Small-bowel transit time Detection rate Diagnostic yield Small bowel Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Prokinetics Suspect small-bowel bleeding

New approach to anal cancer:Individualized therapy based on sentinel lymph node biopsy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第44期18卷 6349-6356页

作者： Paola De Nardi Michele Carvello carlo Staudacher Surgical Department San Raffaele Scientific Institute20132 MilanItaly

Oncological treatment is currently directed toward a tailored therapy *** cell carcinoma of the anal canal could be considered a suitable platform to test new therapeutic strategies to minimize treatment *** of care for patients with anal canal cancer consists of a combination of radiotherapy and *** treatment has led to a high rate of local control and a 60% cure rate with preservation of the anal sphincter,thus replacing surgical abdominoperineal *** node metastases represent a critical independent prognostic factor for local recurrence and *** and iliac lymph nodes are usually included in the radiation field,whereas the inclusion of inguinal regions still remains controversial because of the subsequent adverse side *** lymph node biopsies could clearly identify inguinal node-positive patients eligible for therapeutic groin irradiation.A sentinel lymph node navigation procedure is reported here to be a feasible and effective method for establishing the true inguinal node status in patients suffering from anal canal *** on the results of sentinel node biopsies,a selective approach could be proposed where node-positive patients could be selected for inguinal node irradiation while node-negative patients could take advantage of inguinal sparing irradiation,thus avoiding toxic side effects.

关键词： Anal carcinomal Lymphnode metastasis Sen-tinel lymphnode Tumor staging

Energy flow in negative index materials

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Chinese Optics Letters 2004年第7期2卷 428-430页

作者： Lorenzo Bolla Michele Midrio carlo G.Someda The Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (I. N. F. M.) Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Gestionale e Meccanica Universita degli Studi di Udine viale delle Scienze 208 33100 Udine Italy I. N. F. M. Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione via G. Gradenigo 6/B 35131 Padova Italy

Prom Maxwell's equations, we compute the speed and the direction of propagation of active power refracted from air into a negative index material. We prove, both analytically and numerically that the power may refract positively even if phase fronts refract negatively. Considerations on the usage of ray optics in problems involving negative index materials are drawn.

关键词： Geometric optics Negative index materials