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Discovery of an unknown conduction mechanism in insulating polymers

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High Voltage 2020年第4期5卷 403-408页

作者： Gian carlo Montanari Paolo Seri Leonard A.Dissado Center for Advanced Power Systems Florida State University2000 Levy AvenueFL 32310USA DEI University of BolognaViale del Risorgimento2–40136BolognaItaly Department of Engineering University of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK

Polymer dielectrics are widely used in electrical and electronic apparatus and devices because of their capability to insulate conductors,withstand high fields and suffer negligible conductive *** near-to-zero conductivity has been explained in terms of long-accepted theories of electronic and ionic transport that lead to the accumulation of local net charge regions at high electric *** the authors describe a previously unknown conduction mechanism consisting of small bipolar ultra-fast charge pulses crossing the polymer with the mobility,as large as,4 to 5 orders of magnitude greater than that of the previously *** authors show that this motion is a consequence of molecular relaxation processes triggered by the electric field locally enhanced by the pulses *** accumulation at the electrodes increases interface field and thus contributes substantially towards premature failure in insulating dielectrics in DC fields.

关键词： conduction mechanism negligible

Effect of omeprazole on symptoms and ultrastructural esophageal damage in acid bile reflux

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第12期11卷 1876-1880页

作者： carlo Calabrese Anna Fabbri Mauro Bortolotti Giovanna Cenacchi Scialpi carlo Desiree Zahlane Mario Miglioli Giulio Di Febo Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia

AIM: To value whether omeprazole could induce the healing of DIS and regression of symptoms in patients with DGER. METHODS: We enrolled 15 symptomatic patients with a pathological esophageal 24-h pH-metry and bilimetry. Patients underwent endoscopy and biopsies were taken from the distal esophagus. Specimens were analyzed at histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Patients were treated with omeprazole 40 mg/d for 3 mo and then endoscopy with biopsies was repeated. Patients with persistent heartburn and/or with an incomplete recovery of DIS were treated for 3 more months and endoscopy with biopsies was performed. RESULTS: Nine patients had a non-erosive reflux disease at endoscopy (NERD) while 6 had erosive esophagitis (ERD). At histology, of the 6 patients with erosive esophagitis, 5 had mild esophagitis and 1 moderate esophagitis. No patients with NERD showed histological signs of esophagitis. After 3 mo of therapy, 13/15 patients (86.7%,P<0.01) showed a complete recovery of DIS and disappearance of heartburn. Of the 2 patients treated for 3 more months, complete recovery of DIS and heartburn were achieved in one. CONCLUSION: Three or 6 mo of omeprazole therapy led to a complete regression of the ultrastructural esophageal damage in 86.7% and in 93% of patients with DGER, NERD and ERD respectively. The ultrastructural recovery of the epithelium was accompanied by regression of heartburn in all cases.

关键词： Duodenogastroesophageal reflux Gastroeso phageal reflux disease Transmission Electron Microscopy Dilated Intercellular Spaces Non-erosive reflux disease

The epigenetics of autoimmunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 226-236页

作者： Francesca Meda Marco Folci Andrea Baccarelli carlo Selmi Department of Medicine and Hepatobiliary Immunopathology Unit IRCCS Istituto Clinico HumanitasRozzanoMilanItaly Department of Translational Medicine University of MilanRozzanoMilanItaly Harvard School of Public Health ExposureEpidemiology&Risk ProgramBostonMAUSA

The etiology of autoimmune diseases remains largely *** rates in monozygotic twins are lower than 50% while genome-wide association studies propose numerous significant associations representing only a minority of *** lines of evidence strongly support other complementary mechanisms involved in the regulation of genes expression ultimately causing overt *** in the post-translational modification of histones and DNA methylation are the two major epigenetic mechanisms that may potentially cause a breakdown of immune tolerance and the perpetuation of autoimmune *** recent years,several studies both in clinical settings and experimental models proposed that the epigenome may hold the key to a better understanding of autoimmunity initiation and *** specifically,data support the impact of epigenetic changes in systemic lupus erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis,multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases,in some cases based on mechanistical *** herein discuss what we currently know and what we expect will come in the next ***,epigenetic treatments already being used in oncology may soon prove beneficial also in autoimmune diseases.

关键词： DNA methylation histone modification microRNA tolerance breakdown

Effects of Zinc Oxide Particles with Different Sizes on Root Development in Oryza sativa

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Rice science 2023年第5期30卷 449-458,I0021页

作者： Monica RUFFINI CASTIGLIONE Stefania BOTTEGA carlo SORCE Carmelina SPANÒ Department of Biology University of PisaVia Luca GhiniPisa 1356126Italy Centre for Climate Change Impact University of PisaVia del BorghettoPisa 8056124Italy

Given the consistent release of zinc oxide(ZnO)nanoparticles into the environment,it is urgent to study their impact on plants in *** this study,grains of rice were treated with two different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles(NP-ZnO,10 and 100 mg/L),and their bulk counterpart(B-ZnO)were used to evaluate whether ZnO action could depend on particle *** test this hypothesis,root growth and development assessment,oxidative stress parameters,indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)content and molecules/enzymes involved in IAA metabolism were *** situ localization of Zn in control and treated roots was also *** Zn was visible inside root cells only following nanoparticle treatment,both materials(NP-ZnO and B-ZnO)were able to affect seedling growth and root morphology,with alteration in the concentration/pattern of localization of oxidative stress markers and with a different action depending on particle *** addition,only ZnO supplied as bulk material induced a significant increase in both IAA concentration and lateral root density,supporting our hypothesis that bulk particles might enhance lateral root development through the rise of IAA ***,IAA concentration was influenced more by the activity of the catabolic peroxidases than by the protective action of phenols.

关键词： zinc oxide indole-3-acetic acid lateral root rice bulk particle nanoparticle

The SIRveNIB and SARAH trials, radioembolization vs. sorafenib in advanced HCC patients: reasons for a failure, and perspectives for the future

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第6期7卷 487-489页

作者： carlo Sposito Vincenzo Mazzaferro Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di MilanoMilanItaly University of Milan MilanItaly

Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death *** carcinoma(HCC)represents nearly 90%of primary liver cancers,and constitutes a major health problem worldwide(1).When diagnosed at an early stage of the disease,HCC may benefit from potentially curative treatments such as liver resection,liver transplantation or local *** effectiveness of treatment in early and very early stages,most patients are diagnosed or progress to an intermediate or advanced stage,in which treatment options are limited and the prognosis is poor(2).

关键词： patients Liver treatment

Therapeutic strategies for post-transplant recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第34期28卷 4929-4942页

作者： carlo Sposito Davide Citterio Matteo Virdis carlo Battiston Michele Droz Dit Busset Maria Flores Vincenzo Mazzaferro HPB Surgery Hepatology and Liver TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di MilanoMilan 20133Italy Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology University of MilanMilan 20100Italy

Despite stringent selection criteria,hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation(LT)still occurs in up to 20%of cases,mostly within the first 2–3 *** adjuvant treatments to prevent such an occurrence have been developed so ***,a balanced use of immunosuppression with minimal dose of calcineurin inhibitors and possible addition of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors is strongly ***,several pre-and posttransplant predictors of recurrence have been identified and may help determine the frequency and duration of post-transplant *** recurrence occurs,the outcomes are poor with a median survival of 12 mo according to most retrospective *** factor that most impacts survival after recurrence is timing(within 1–2 years from LT according to different authors).Several therapeutic options may be chosen in case of recurrence,according to timing and disease *** treatment seems to provide a survival benefit,especially in case of late recurrence,while the benefit of locoregional treatments has been suggested only in small retrospective *** systemic treatment is indicated,sorafenib has been proved safe and effective,while only few data are available for lenvatinib and regorafenib in second *** use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is controversial in this setting,given the safety warnings for the risk of acute rejection.

关键词： Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Immunosuppression Recurrence Surgical treatment Locoregional treatment Systemic treatment

Effect of the timing of gluten introduction on the development of celiac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第16期16卷 1939-1942页

作者： Marco Silano carlo Agostoni Stefano Guandalini Unit of Human Nutrition and Health Italian National Institute of Health Department of Maternal and Pediatric Sciences University of MilanFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilano 20122Italy Department of Pediatrics Section of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of Chicago

Celiac disease(CD) is a permanent auto-immune enteropathy,triggered in genetically predisposed individuals by the ingestion of dietary *** is the alcohol-soluble protein component of the cereals wheat,rye and *** is a multifactorial condition,originating from the interplay of genetic and environmental *** necessary environmental trigger is gluten,while the genetic predisposition has been identified in the major histocompatibility complex region on chromosome 6p21,with over 90% of CD patients expressing HLA DQ2 and the remaining celiac patients express *** fact that only about 4% of DQ2/8positive individuals exposed to gluten develop CD,has led to the recognition that other genetic and environmental factors are also *** the last few years,several epidemiological studies have suggested that the timing of the introduction of gluten,as well as the pattern of breastfeeding,may play an important role in the subsequent development of ***,we present and review the most recent evidences regarding the effect of timing of gluten introduction during weaning,the amount of gluten introduced and simultaneous breastfeeding,on the development of CD.

关键词： Celiac disease Gluten Weaning Breastfeeding Prevention Autoimmunity Anti-transglutaminase antibody Duodenal biopsy

Cognitive training in neurodegenerative diseases: a way to boost neuroprotective molecules?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1754-1755页

作者： Francesco Angelucci carlo Caltagirone Alberto Costa IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology Department of Systemic Medicine Rome University Tor Vergata Niccolò Cusano University

Neurotrophins,and growth factors in general,are proteins which exert many actions in central nervous system *** promote the survival and neuronal function of neurons and exert neuroprotective effects in pathological models of neurodegenerative *** humans several clinical trials based on the use of these proteins have been carried out. Among them, it is worth to mention gene ther- apy especially in Parkinson＇s disease （PD）（Kordower and Bjorklund, 2013）, and a series of experiments using vectors capable of carrying neurotrophins in the selected target re- gion where they can exert their beneficial action （Ghosh et al., 2014）.

关键词： BDNF a way to boost neuroprotective molecules Cognitive training in neurodegenerative diseases

A cautionary note on some phylogenetic dissimilarity measures

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第1期8卷 12-16页

作者： carlo Ricotta Giovanni Bacaro Sandrine Pavoine Department of Environmental Biology University of Rome‘La Sapienza’Piazzale Aldo Moro 500185 RomeItaly CNR-IRPI Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione IdrogeologicaVia Madonna Alta 12606128 PerugiaItaly Department of Life Science BIOCONNETBiodiversity and Conservation NetworkUniversity of SienaVia P.A.Mattioli 453100 SienaItaly Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleUMR 7204 CNRS UPMC55-61 Rue Buffon75005 ParisFrance Department of Zoology Mathematical Ecology Research GroupUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13PSUK

Aims Measures of plot-to-plot phylogenetic dissimilarity and beta diversity are providing a powerful tool for understanding the complex ecolog-ical and evolutionary mechanisms that drive community *** Here,we review the properties of some previously published dis-similarity measures that are based on minimum or average phylo-genetic dissimilarity between species in different *** Findings We first show that some of these measures violate the basic condi-tion that for two identical plots the measures take the value *** also violate the condition that the dissimilarity between two identical plots should always be lower than that between two differ-ent *** erratic behavior renders these measures unsuitable for measuring plot-to-plot phylogenetic *** next pro-pose a new measure that satisfies these conditions,thus providing a more reasonable way for measuring phylogenetic dissimilarity.

关键词： abundance-weighted dissimilarity measures index symmetry patristic distances presence/absence dissimilarity measures nearest-neighbor metrics