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Large Eddy Simulation on Interaction Between in-Line and Cross-Flow Oscillation of A Circular Cylinder

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China Ocean Engineering 2010年第4期24卷 663-676页

作者：黄智勇 carl m.LARSEN Center of Ship and Ocean Structures Department of marine Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology

This paper discusses numerical results from three-dimensional large eddy simulations of an oscillating cylinder under prescribed movements in uniform flow. Six cases, namely pure in-line, pure cross-flow and two groups of ＇Figure of Eight＇ oscillation patterns are under investigation at Reynolds number Re = 24000. The ＇ Figure of Eight＇ pattern in each group is with identical shape but oppusite orbital directions. The numerical results on hydrodynamic forces, higher order force components, and vortex shedding modes are extensively studied and compared with the measured experimental data. It is found that the fluid force in phase with the velocity, which represents the energy transfer between the fluid and the cylinder, has opposite sign and different magnitude due to the opposite orbital direction. Higher order force components in cross-flow direction are found to occur at odd nmnber times of the oscillating frequency, while even nmbers dominate the higher order force components in in-llne direction. The 2C and 2T vortex shedding modes are well reproduced due to the opposite orbital direction effect. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results indicate that the present numerical model could be a rational tool for the identification of hydrodynamic coefficients which are normally applied in empirical models to predict the vortex-induced vibrations of slender marine structures.

关键词： vortex-ivduced vibration large eddy simulation forced oscillation in-line cross-flow

Treatment of severe lithium poisoning and dialysis-induced hypophosphatemia with phosphorus-enriched hemodialysis: a case report

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Chinese medical Journal 2005年第16期118卷 1405-1408页

作者： Srivasa B. Chebrolu Helen K. C. Yang Aileen Hariman Antonios H. Tzamaloukas carl m. kjellstrand Todd S. Ing Departments of medicine Veterans Affairs Hospital Hines Stritch School of medicine Loyola University Chicago Maywood IllinoisUSA Department of medicine Veterans Affairs Medical Center Albuquerque New Mexico USA

Severe lithium intoxication requires intensive and prolonged hemodialysis as a definitive therapeutic measure. Such an aggressive stand is often needed to prevent the post-dialytic rebound in plasma lithium levels as a result of the drug＇s relatively slow equilibration across cellular membranes. Use of a conventional, phosphorus-free, bicarbonate-based dialysis solution in the course of a dialytic treatment may engender hypophosphatemia in these individuals.

关键词： lithium intoxication · hemodialysis · hypophosphatemia · phosphorus-enriched dialysis solution

Campylobacterjejuni in musca domestica： An examination of survival and transmission potential in light of the innate immune responses of the house flies

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 584-598页

作者： Carson Gill Simon Bahrndorff carl Lowenberger Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC Canada National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark

The house fly, musca domestica, has been implicated as a vector of Campy- lobacter spp., a major cause of human disease. Little is known whether house flies serve as biological amplifying hosts or mechanical vectors for Campylobacterjejuni. We in- vestigated the period after C. jejuni had been ingested by house flies in which viable C. jejuni colonies could be isolated from whole bodies, the vomitus and the excreta of adult m. domestica and evaluated the activation of innate immune responses of house flies to ingested C. jejuni over time. C. jejuni could be cultured from infected houseflies soon after ingestion but no countable C. jejuni colonies were observed 〉 24 h postingestion. We detected viable C. jejuni in house fly vomitus and excreta up to 4 h after ingestion, but no viable bacteria were detected 〉 8 h. Suppression subtractive hybridization identi- fied pathogen-induced gene expression in the intestinal tracts of adult house flies 4-24 h after ingesting C. jejuni. We measured the expression of immune regulatory （thor, JNK, and spheroide） and effector （cecropin, diptericin, attacin, defensing, and lysozyme） genes in C. jejuni-infected and -uninfected house flies using quantitative real time PCR. Some house fly factor, or combination of factors, eliminates C. jejuni within 24 h postingestion. Because C. jejuni is not amplified within the body of the housefly, this insect likely serves as a mechanical vector rather than as a true biological, amplifying vector for C. jejuni, and adds to our understanding of insect pathogen interactions.

关键词： antimicrobial peptides Campylobacter spp. Campylobacteriosis house fly innate immunity musca domestica suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) vector

Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of intracranial gliomas:A review of current practice and considerations for future clinical directions

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第1期8卷 40-59页

作者： carl J.Fisher Lothar Lilge Department of medical Biophysics University of Toronto Princess Margaret Cancer Centre 101 College StRm.15-710 TorontoON M5G 1L7 University Health Network Princess margaret Cancer Centre 101 College St Rm.15-310TorontoON M5G 1L7

Invasive grade III and IV maliguant gliomas remain difficult to treat with a typical survival time post-diagnosis hovering around 16 months with only minor extension thereof seen in the past decade,whereas some improvements have been obtained towards five-year survival rates for which completeness of resection is a *** techniques such as fluorescence guided resection(FGR)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)are promising adjuvant techniques to in-crease the tumor volume reduction *** has been used in combination with surgical resection or alternatively as standalone treat ment strategy with some sucoess in extending the median survival time of patients compared to surgery alone and the current standard of *** document reviews the outcome of past clinical trials and highlights the general shift in PDT therapeutic *** also looks at the current approaches for interstitial PDT and research options into increasing PDT's glioma treatment fficacy through exploiting both physical and biological based approaches to maximize PDT selectivity and therapeutic index,particularly in brain adjacent to tumor(BAT).Potential reasons for failing to demonstrate a significant survival advantage in prior PDT clinical trials will become evident in light of the improved understanding of glioma biology and PDT dosimetry.

关键词： Oncology brain tumour photodynamic dose therapeutic index photofin aminolu-velinic acid

Impact of post harvest treatment on antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of moringa oleifera lam leaves

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 296-311页

作者： Edith N.Fombang Pierre Nobossé carl m.F.mbofung Damanpreet Singh Department of Food Science and Nutrition National School of Agro-Industrial SciencesENSAIUniversity of NgaoundereP.O.Box 455NgaoundereAdamawa RegionCameroon Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampurHimachal Pradesh 176061India

moringa oleifera leaves are an important source of dietary phytochemicals,such as flavonoids with high antioxidant activity(AOA).These components are however influenced by the post-harvest treatments applied as well as the processing ***,it is crucial to determine the most appropriate post-harvest treatment that preserves or enhances *** this effect the influence of steam blanching,fermentation/oxidation,oven drying and roasting of fresh moringa leaves on their AOA was *** conditions of time and temperature for each treatment were optimised using response surface *** effect of the different treatments at optimal conditions on phenolic profile and AOA were *** achieved the most significant(pmprovement in phenolics(43%)and AOA(22–31%),which was accompanied by the formation of 2 new compounds,quercetin-3-O-acetylglucoside and *** blanching had the most deleterious effect on phenolics(-31%)and ***-harvest treatments qualitatively and quantitatively affect phytochemical profile of moringa leaves.

关键词： moringa oleifera leaves Post harvest treatment Optimisation(response surface methodology) Phenolic profile Antioxidant activity

Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol fibres incorporating an antimicrobial gel for enzymatically controlled reactive oxygen species release

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2024年第6期7卷 899-925页

作者： Joel Yupanqui mieles Cian Vyas Evangelos Daskalakis mohamed Hassan James Birkett Abdalla m.Omar Gavin Humphreys carl Diver Paulo Bartolo Department of mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Department of Chemistry University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Division of Pharmacy and Optometry University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Department of Engineering Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M139PLUK

Wounds pose a risk to the skin,our body's primary defence against *** rise of antibiotic resistance has prompted the development of novel ***-101^(■)is an antimicrobial gel that delivers therapeutic levels of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),a reactive oxygen species,directly to the wound *** this study,electrospinning was used to incorporate RO-101^(■)into a polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)sub-micron fibrous mesh that can act as a delivery agent,achieve a sustained release profile,and provide a barrier against *** incorporation of this gel into sub-micron fibres was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance ***,scanning electron microscopy exhibited smooth and uniform meshes with diameters in the 200-500 nm ***/RO-101 electrospun meshes generated H_(2)O_(2) in concentrations exceeding 1 m m/(g·m L)(1 m m=1 mmol/L)after 24 h,and the role of sterilisation on H_(2)O_(2) release was ***/RO-101meshes exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus(***)and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***)bacteria,achieving viable count reductions of up to 1 log unit CFU/mm^(2)(CFU:colony-forming units).moreover,these meshes were capable of disrupting biofilm formation,even against multidrug-resistant organisms such as methicillin-resistant ***(mRSA).Furthermore,increasing the RO-101^(■)concentration resulted in higher H_(2)O_(2) production and an enhanced antimicrobial effect,while fibroblast cell viability and proliferation tests showed a concentration-dependent response with high cytocompatibility at low RO-101^(■)*** study therefore demonstrates the potential of highly absorbent PVA/RO-101 meshes as potential antimicrobial wound dressings.

关键词： Antimicrobial Electrospinning Hydrogen peroxide Polyvinyl alcohol Reactive oxygen species Tissue engineering Wound dressing

An overview of the latest developments in facial imaging

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第1期4卷 10-28页

作者： carl N.Stephan Jodi m.Caple Pierre Guyomarc'h Peter Claes Laboratory for Human Craniofacial and Skeletal Identification(HuCS-ID Lab) School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia Unite mixte de Recherche(UmR)5199 De la Préhistoireàl'Actuel:Culture Environnement et Anthropologie(PACEA)Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication(MCC)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)Universitéde BordeauxPessacFrance Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering(ESAT)/Processing of Speech and Images(PSI)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium medical Imaging Research Center(mIRC) Universitair ZiekenhuisLeuvenBelgium

Facial imaging is a term used to describe methods that use facial images to assist or facili-tate human identification. This pertains to two craniofacial identification procedures that use skulls and faces—facial approximation and photographic superimposition—as well as face-only methods for age progression/regression, the construction of facial graphics from eye-witness memory (including composites and artistic sketches), facial depiction, face mapping and newly emerging methods of molecular photofitting. Given the breadth of these facial imaging techniques, it is not surprising that a broad array of subject-matter experts partici-pate in and/or contribute to the formulation and implementation of these methods (includ-ing forensic odontologists, forensic artists, police officers, electrical engineers, anatomists, geneticists, medical image specialists, psychologists, computer graphic programmers and software developers). As they are concerned with the physical characteristics of humans, each of these facial imaging areas also falls in the domain of physical anthropology, although not all of them have been traditionally regarded as such. This too offers useful opportunities to adapt established methods in one domain to others more traditionally held to be disciplines within physical anthropology (e.g. facial approximation, craniofacial super-imposition and face photo-comparison). It is important to note that most facial imaging methods are not currently used for identification but serve to assist authorities in narrowing or directing investigations such that other, more potent, methods of identification can be used (e.g. DNA). Few, if any, facial imaging approaches can be considered honed end-stage scientific methods, with major opportunities for physical anthropologists to make meaningful contributions. Some facial imaging methods have considerably stronger scientific underpin-nings than others (e.g. facial approximation versus face mapping), some currently lie ent

关键词： Forensic anthropology craniofacial identification facial approximation photographic superimpos-ition facial depiction age progression facial composites molecular photofitting

Update on Liver Failure Following Hepatic Resection: Strategies for Prediction and Avoidance of Post-operative Liver Insufficiency

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 97-104页

作者： Amir A. Rahnemai-Azar Jordan m. Cloyd Sharon m. Weber mary Dillhoff carl Schmidt Emily R. Winslow Timothy m. Pawlik Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin HospitalMadisonWIUSA Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Liver resection is increasingly used for a variety of benign and malignant *** advances in preoperative selection,surgical technique and perioperative management,posthepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following liver *** the devastating physiological consequences of PHLF and the lack of effective treatment options,identifying risk factors and preventative strategies for PHLF is *** the past,a major limitation to conducting high quality research on risk factors and prevention strategies for PHLF has been the absence of a standardized *** this article,we describe relevant definitions for PHLF,discuss risk factors and prediction models,and review advances in liver assessment tools and PHLF prevention strategies.

关键词： Complication Hepatectomy Liver failure Liver resection Prevention Risk models

monarchs in decline： a collateral landscape-level effect of modern agriculture

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 528-541页

作者： carl Stenoien Kelly R. Nail Jacinta m. Zalucki Hazel Parry Karen S. Oberhauser myron P. Zalucki Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota Australia Conservation Biology Graduate Program University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA School of Environmental Studies Griffith University Brisbane Queensland Australia CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences Precinct Brisbane Queensland Australia Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA School of Biological Sciences the University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia

We review the postulated threatening processes that may have affected the de- cline in the eastern population of the monarch butterfly, Danausplexippus L. （Lepidoptera： Nymphalidae）, in North America. Although there are likely multiple contributing factors, such as climate and resource-related effects on breeding, migrating, and overwintering populations, the key landscape-level change appears to be associated with the widespread use of genetically modified herbicide resistant crops that have rapidly come to dominate the extensive core summer breeding range. We dismiss misinterpretations of the apparent lack of population change in summer adult count data as logically flawed. Glyphosate-tolerant soybean and maize have enabled the extensive use of this herbicide, generating widespread losses of milkweed （Asclepias spp.）, the only host plants for monarch larvae. modeling studies that simulate lifetime realized fecundity at a landscape scale, direct counts of milkweeds, and extensive citizen science data across the breeding range suggest that a herbicide-induced, landscape-level reduction in milkweed has precipitated the decline in monarchs. A recovery will likely require a monumental effort for the re-establishment of milkweed resources at a commensurate landscape scale.

关键词： Asclepias citizen science conservation Danausplexippus migration transgenic Gm crops