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Acute Diarrhea Etiology in Young Children and Adults in the Republic of Maldives—A Point Prevalence Study

Open journal of Medical Microbiology 2015年第4期5卷 222-230页

作者： Abdul A. Yoosuf Ladaporn Bodhidatta Siriporn Sornsakrin Fathimath I. Manik Shah Saeed Mohamed Hassan carl j. Mason Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital Male Republic of Maldives Azmi-Naeem Medical and Diagnostic Centre Male Republic of Maldives Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bangkok Thailand Hithadhoo Regional Hospital Seenu Atoll Republic of Maldives Kulhudhuffushi Regional Hospital Haa Dhaalu Atoll Republic of Maldives

Introduction: Despite its recent status of middle-income country in WHO’s South-East Asia Region, diarrhea remains an important yet unresearched public health issue in the Republic of Maldives. Methodology: We conducted a one-month cross-sectional study in children and adults with acute diarrhea at three regional hospitals in Maldives in August-September 2007 to investigate the point-prevalence of diarrhea etiologic agents. Enteric Bacteria was identified by a standard microbiology technique and isolates were submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test for norovirus. Results: We enrolled 73 children and 57 adults with acute diarrhea. The most common pathogens detected in children were norovirus (43%) and rotavirus (18%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus (18%) and rotavirus (17%) were the most common pathogens found in adults. Multiple and mixed infections were common. All noroviruses were identified as genogroup II/type 4(GII/4). The genotype distributions of rotaviruses were G2P[4] (48%), G12P[6] (37%), G2P[6] (5%), G9P[8] (5%), and non-typeable G2 (5%). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary data on the importance of norovirus and rotavirus as diarrhea etiologic agents in Maldives. A systematic prospective diarrhea surveillance documenting disease burden, etiology, seasonal variation, as well as risk factors should be conducted for the development of public health interventions to reduce diarrhea morbidity and mortality in Maldives.

关键词： Diarrhea Maldives Rotavirus Norovirus

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运动和疾病中的肠液体吸收

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体育科学 2001年第2期21卷 89-91页

作者：兰光史小才 carl Gisoifi Ronald Maughan Lawrence Schiller Leo Heitlinger j. Mare Rhoads Raul A. Wapnir Ph. D.Department of Exercise Science University of Iowa Ph. D. Department of Environment/Occupational Medicine University of Aberdeen M. D.Department of Internal MedicineBaylor University Waco M. D.Department of Pediatrics Ohio State University Columbus M. D.Department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Ph. D.Department of Pediatrics Cornell University Medical Collge

20世纪50年代以来，人们发现肠里葡萄糖的存在促进钠的转运（Riklis & Quastrel,1958）,这个里程碑式的发现引发口服补水溶液配方的产生。为满足水、耕作碳水化合物和电解质最大限度的吸收，精确配制这些溶液的问题激起了相当多的科学... 详细信息

20世纪50年代以来，人们发现肠里葡萄糖的存在促进钠的转运（Riklis & Quastrel,1958）,这个里程碑式的发现引发口服补水溶液配方的产生。为满足水、耕作碳水化合物和电解质最大限度的吸收，精确配制这些溶液的问题激起了相当多的科学研究和讨论。

关键词：运动疾病肠液体吸收口服补水溶液渗透压吸收能力纳碳水化合物

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有机超导体

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科技译丛（长沙） 1994年第1期 23-26页

作者： carl.,j 张慧芳

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评定洁净室用手套的耗散特性

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洁净与空调技术 2001年第1期 46-47+49-50+56页

作者： Andrew j.Magenheim,carl Newburg Ph.D

两个物体相接触时总会产生一定数量的电荷。减少静电放电(ESD)损害的主要机理是把电荷导入地下。可以用两种测量方法来评定一种材料或一种产品耗散电荷的能力;电荷衰减时间和电阻。如果电阻是已知的,就可预知沿相同路径的衰减时间。这... 详细信息

两个物体相接触时总会产生一定数量的电荷。减少静电放电(ESD)损害的主要机理是把电荷导入地下。可以用两种测量方法来评定一种材料或一种产品耗散电荷的能力;电荷衰减时间和电阻。如果电阻是已知的,就可预知沿相同路径的衰减时间。这里只提到了电阻—对洁净室用手套的测量结果,并对电阻及手套材料之间的相关性进行了探讨。

关键词：手套操作员洁净室净化室电阻测量集中参数测量电荷测量结果

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微型电子计算机在渔业研究与管理上的应用及展望

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国外水产 1991年第3期 35-38页

作者： carl j.Walters 仝龄

当今你可以在大多数渔业管理机构和科研实验室中见到微型电子计算机(简称微电脑),它们的服务范围从简单的字处理工作到精确的统计分析和模拟系统.但是,对微电脑在渔业上的发展前景,有些不切实际的观点.从长远观点看,微电脑不仅仅是一种... 详细信息

当今你可以在大多数渔业管理机构和科研实验室中见到微型电子计算机(简称微电脑),它们的服务范围从简单的字处理工作到精确的统计分析和模拟系统.但是,对微电脑在渔业上的发展前景,有些不切实际的观点.从长远观点看,微电脑不仅仅是一种省时的数值处理设备,而且是一种激励用户去进行更深刻和更精确分析的手段.微电脑在渔业上的主要发展领域有立体图象处理、数据管理网络和为教学及政策分析服务的对策模拟系统.

关键词：渔业研究管理微机应用

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精通Microsoft Windows 2000和Windows XP安全技术

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2003年

作者：（美）Ed Bott （美）carl Siechert 梁超等译

本书内容包括Windows 安全工具及安全技术、管理用户帐户和密码、多用户电脑的安全性、维护系统安全、保护电子邮件的安全、网络安全等20章。

ISBN: (数字)7894940933

ISBN: (纸本)7894940933

本书内容包括Windows 安全工具及安全技术、管理用户帐户和密码、多用户电脑的安全性、维护系统安全、保护电子邮件的安全、网络安全等20章。

关键词：安全技术窗口软件网络服务器

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Detection and Characterization of β-Lactamase Encoding Genes in Carbapenem Non-Susceptible Gram-Negative Bacteria and Susceptibility of Isolates to Ceftazidime-Avibactam at a New York City Community Hospital

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Open journal of Medical Microbiology 2016年第4期6卷 150-157页

作者： carl Urban Rita Colon-Urban Vincent j. LaBombardi Noriel Mariano Nishant Prasad Geeti Dhillon Marina Guralnik Sorana Segal-Maurer The Dr. james j. Rahal Jr. Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine New York-Presbyterian/Queens Flushing NY USA The Dr. james j. Rahal Jr. Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine NewYork-Presbyterian/Queens Flushing NY USA Department of Biological Sciences SUNY Old Westbury Old Westbury New York NY USA Department of Pathology NewYork-Presbyterian/Queens Flushing NY USA

A surveillance study was undertaken to identify prominent β-lactamase encoding genes in 131 carbapenem non-susceptible gram-negative clinical isolates at a New York City community hospital. KPC carbapenemases were detected in 89% of Enterobacteriaceae as well as additional TEM, SHV, and CTX-M class A enzymes. OXA-23 and OXA-24 were the prevalent class D carbapenemases identified in Acinetobacter species. One OXA-23 in M. morganii and one OXA-48 in K. pneumoniae were also identified. Among class C β-lactamases CMY, ACT/MIR, DHA, and FOX were detected. The in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam by E-test methodology was tested with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ≤3 μg/ml for 97.8% of all Enterobacteriaceae, MIC50/90 of 16/>256 μg/ml for carbapenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter, and 3/6 μg/ml for carbapenem non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Periodic surveillance of isolates to characterize current and emerging β-lactamase genotypes present in local isolates may help identify outbreak situations, provide assistance to infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs, and potentially improve patient outcomes.

关键词： Carbapenem Non-Susceptible Check-MDR CT103 XL Microarray β-Lactamase Detection Resistance Mechanisms Ceftazidime-Avibactam

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赢在科学科学游戏面面观

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丛书名：科学走廊书系

2001年

作者：（美）卡尔·j.辛德曼（carl j.Sindermann）柳士强译

本书分三部分：第一部分为科学战略家入门、第二部分科学战略家的关键问题、第三部分科学战略家的特殊兴趣所在。

ISBN: (纸本)7532359506

本书分三部分：第一部分为科学战略家入门、第二部分科学战略家的关键问题、第三部分科学战略家的特殊兴趣所在。

关键词：科学方法论普及读物

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LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (LEGUE)——The survey's science plan

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 735-754页

作者： Li-Cai Deng Heidi jo Newberg Chao Liu jeffrey L. carlin Timothy C. Beers Li Chen Hsu-Tai Lee carl j. Grillmair Puragra Guhathakurta] Zhan-Wen Han jin-Liang Hou Sebastien Lepine jing Li Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan j. A. Sellwood Bo Wang Hong-Chi Wang Fan Yang Brian Yanny Hao-Tong Zhang Yue-Yang Zhang Zheng Zheng Zi Zhu Key Lab for Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China licai@*** Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA National Optical Astronomy Observatory Tucson AZ 85719 USA Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China University of Heidelberg Landessternwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Spitzer Science Center 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa Cruz 1156 HighStreet Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024USA School of Physics and Electronic Information China West Normal University Nanchong637000 China ' Department of Astronomy & Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University 136 Frelinghuysen RoadPiscataway NJ 08854-8019 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia IL 60510 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 China

We describe the current plans for a spectroscopic survey of millions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy using the Guo Shou jing Telescope （GSjT, formerly calledthe Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope -- LAMOST）. The survey will obtain spectra for 2.5 million stars brighter than r 〈 19 during dark/grey time, and 5 million stars brighter than r 〈 17 or j 〈 16 on nights that are moonlit or have low transparency. The survey will begin in the fall of 2012, and will run for at least four years. The telescope＇s design constrains the optimal declination range for observations to 10~ 〈 di 〈 50~, and site conditions lead to an emphasis on stars in the direction of the Galactic anticenter. The survey is divided into three parts with different target selection strategies： disk, anticenter, and spheroid. The resulting dataset will be used to study the merger history of the Milky Way, the substructure and evolution of the disks, the nature of the first generation of stars through identification of the lowest metallicity stars, and star formation through study of open clusters and OB associations. Detailed design of the LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration （LEGUE） survey will be completed in summer 2012, after a review of the results of the pilot survey.

关键词： techniques: spectroscopic -Galaxy: structure - Galaxy: evolution -Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics -- Galaxy: disk -- Galaxy: halo -- spectroscopy

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Fixing the reference frame for PPMXL proper motions using extragalactic sources

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第6期15卷 849-859页

作者： Kathleen Grabowski jeffrey L. carlin Heidi jo Newberg Timothy C. Beers Li Chen Li-Cai Deng carl j. Grillmair Puragra Guhathakurta jin-Liang Hou Yong-Hui Hou Se'bastien Le'pine Chao Liu Xiao-Wei Liu A-Li Luo Martin C. Smith Brian Yanny Hao-Tong Zhang Yong Zhang Zheng Zheng Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street Troy NY 12180 USA Department of Physics and jINA: joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre Dame IN 46556 USA Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Key Lab of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Spitzer Science Center 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA UCO/Lick Observatory Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz CA 95064 USA Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics and Astronomy Georgia State University 25 Park Place Suite 605Atlanta GA 30303 USA Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Department of Astronomy Peking University Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P.O. Box 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah

We quantify and correct systematic errors in PPMXL proper motions using extragalactic sources from the first two LAMOST data releases and the Vbron-Cetty ＆ Vebron Catalog of Quasars. Although the majority of the sources are from the Veron catalog, LAMOST makes important contributions in regions that are not well-sampled by previous catalogs, particularly at low Galactic latitudes and in the south Galactic cap. We show that quasars in PPMXL have measurable and significant proper motions, which reflect the systematic zero-point offsets present in the catalog. We confirm the global proper motion shifts seen by Wu et al., and additionally find smaller-scale fluctuations of the QSO-derived corrections to an absolute frame. We average the proper motions of 158 106 extragalactic objects in bins of 3° ×3° and present a table of proper motion corrections.

关键词： catalogs -- proper motions -- surveys LAMOST

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