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In vivo and ex vivo confocal endomicroscopy of pancreatic cystic lesions: A prospective study

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3338-3348页

作者： Somashekar G Krishna rohan M Modi Amrit K Kamboj Benjamin J Swanson Phil A Hart Mary E Dillhoff Andrei Manilchuk carl r schmidt Darwin L Conwell Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center College of Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Pathology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Division of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Deparment of General Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

AIM To investigate the reproducibility of the in vivo endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided needle based confocal endomicroscopy(n CLE) image patterns in an ex vivo setting and compare these to surgical histopathology for characterizing pancreatic cystic lesions(PCLs). METHODS In a prospective study evaluating EUS-nC LE for evaluation of PCLs, 10 subjects underwent an in vivo nC LE(AQFlex nC LE miniprobe; Cellvizio, MaunaK ea, Paris, France) during EUS and ex vivo probe based CLE(pC LE) of the PCL(Gastroflex ultrahigh definition probe, Cellvizio) after surgical resection. Biopsies were obtained from ex vivo CLE-imaged areas for comparative histopathology. All subjects received intravenous fluorescein prior to EUS and pancreatic surgery for in vivo and ex vivo CLE imaging respectively. rESULTS A total of 10 subjects(mean age 53 ± 12 years; 5 female) with a mean PCL size of 34.8 ± 14.3 mm were enrolled. Surgical histopathology confirmed 2 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs), 3 mucinous cystic neoplasms(MCNs), 2 cystic neuroendocrine tumors(cystic-NETs), 1 serous cystadenoma(SCA), and 2 squamous lined PCLs. Characteristic in vivo nC LE image patterns included papillary projections for IPMNs, horizon-type epithelial bands for MCNs, nests and trabeculae of cells for cystic-NETs, and a "fern pattern" of vascularity for SCA. Identical image patterns were observed during ex vivo pC LE imaging of the surgically resected PCLs. Both in vivo and ex vivo CLE imaging findings correlated with surgical *** In vivo n CLE patterns are reproducible in ex vivo p CLE for all major neoplastic PCLs. These findings add further support the application of EUS-nC LE as an imaging biomarker in the diagnosis of PCLs.

关键词：共焦的激光 endomicroscopy 浆液的 cystadenoma 胰腺的 neuroendocrine 肿瘤 Intraductal 乳突的 mucinous 瘤胰腺的膀胱的瘤

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Evidence for Cerebral Microvascular Injury in Head Trauma Involving Infants and Young Children

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2022年第2期8卷 41-45页

作者： rudolph J.Castellani Ashley rose Scholl carl J.schmidt Department of Pathology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA Department of Pathology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Pathology Wayne County Medical Examiner's OfficeDetroitMichiganUSA Department of Pathology University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA

Background:The pathophysiology of lethal head trauma in infants and young children involves repetitive rotational forces of sufficient magnitude to produce subdural hemorrhage and brain swelling,which leads to considerable morbidity and *** precise mechanism for brain swelling is *** and Methods:We examined cerebral tissue from ten pediatric deaths due to blunt force trauma,along with seven control infants who asphyxiated in unsafe sleep *** assess the competence of the blood-brain barrier,we performed immunohistochemical stains for albumin and immunoglobulin G(IgG).results:IgG and albumin were increased in subpial and superficial perivascular tissue in those cases due to blunt force trauma,and in particular,the blunt force trauma associated with subdural *** included two deaths at the scene without hospital survival ***:Our findings suggest disruption of the blood-brain barrier with vasogenic edema as an early event in head trauma involving young children upstream of global ischemic brain *** hypothesize that mechanical injury to the cortical vasculature results in vasogenic edema by oncotic(increased plasma proteins in the cortical interstitium)and hydrostatic(increased capillary pressure)mechanisms,with subsequent cortical *** may explain why ischemic sequelae appear to occur in head trauma involving young children,regardless of whether anoxia,hypotension,or cardiac arrest complicate the disease course and may in part underlie the high morbidity and mortality of head trauma in early childhood.

关键词： Edema pediatric head trauma subdural hematoma traumatic brain injury

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Observation of a single protein by ultrafast X-ray diffraction

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 80-90页

作者： Tomas Ekeberg Dameli Assalauova Johan Bielecki rebecca Boll Benedikt J.Daurer Lutz A.Eichacker Linda E.Franken Davide E.Galli Luca Gelisio Lars Gumprecht Laura H.Gunn Janos Hajdu robert Hartmann Dirk Hasse Alexandr Ignatenko Jayanath Koliyadu Olena Kulyk ruslan Kurta Markus Kuster Wolfgang Lugmayr Jannik Lübke Adrian P.Mancuso Tommaso Mazza carl Nettelblad Yevheniy Ovcharenko Daniel E.rivas Max rose Amit K.Samanta Philipp schmidt Egor Sobolev Nicusor Timneanu Sergey Usenko Daniel Westphal Tamme Wollweber Lena Worbs Paul Lourdu Xavier Hazem Yousef Kartik Ayyer Henry N.Chapman Jonas A.Sellberg Carolin Seuring Ivan A.Vartanyants Jochen Küpper Michael Meyer Filipe r.N.C.Maia Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityHusargatan 3(Box 596)SE-75124 UppsalaSweden Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany European XFEL Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Diamond Light Source Harwell Science&Innovation CampusDidcot OX110DEUK University of Stavanger Centre Organelle ResearchRichard-Johnsensgate 44021 StavangerNorway Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology(HPI) Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestraße 8522607 HamburgGermany Dipartimento di Fisica“Aldo Pontremoli” Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia Celoria 1620133 MilanoItaly Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY22607 HamburgGermany Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA PNSensor GmbH Otto-Hahn-Ring 6D-81739 MünchenGermany Biomedical and X-ray Physics Department of Applied PhysicsAlbaNova University CenterKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10691 StockholmSweden ELI Beamlines/IoP Institute of Physics AS Cr v.v.i.Na Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Multi-User CryoEM Facility Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE) Martinistrasse 5220246 HamburgGermany The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Physics Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia Division of Scientific Computing Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Information TechnologyUppsala UniversityBox 337SE-75105 UppsalaSweden European Molecular Biology Laboratory c/o DESYNotkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120 UppsalaSweden Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGe

The idea of using ultrashort X-ray pulses to obtain images of single proteins frozen in time has fascinated and inspired *** was one of the arguments for building X-ray free-electron *** to theory,the extremely intense pulses provide sufficient signal to dispense with using crystals as an amplifier,and the ultrashort pulse duration permits capturing the diffraction data before the sample inevitably *** was first demonstrated on biological samples a decade ago on the giant *** then,a large collaboration has been pushing the limit of the smallest sample that can be *** ability to capture snapshots on the timescale of atomic vibrations,while keeping the sample at room temperature,may allow probing the entire conformational phase space of *** we show the first observation of an X-ray diffraction pattern from a single protein,that of Escherichia coli GroEL which at 14 nm in diameter is the smallest biological sample ever imaged by X-rays,and demonstrate that the concept of diffraction before destruction extends to single *** the pattern,it is possible to determine the approximate orientation of the *** experiment demonstrates the feasibility of ultrafast imaging of single proteins,opening the way to single-molecule time-resolved studies on the femtosecond timescale.

关键词： smallest intense ultrafast

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Brain Injury Biomechanics and Abusive Head Trauma

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第2期4卷 91-100页

作者： rudy J Castellani carl J schmidt Center for Neuropathology Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of MedicineKalamazoo Department of Pathology University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pathology University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan

Contemporary biomechanical theory of traumatic brain injury has its foundation in Holbourn’s thesis on shear strain and Ommaya’s primate experimentation demonstrating the role of rotation in a variety of lesions including subdural hematoma(SDH)and diffuse axonal *** human observations have since confirmed,for the most part,the early *** concerns regarding primate research,however,have prompted in vitro models,which in turn has led to challenges with respect to the correlation between in vitro observations and the clinical *** these challenges,medicolegal proceedings may call upon biomechanical engineers to reconstruct complex injury scenarios and offer opinions on the scientific plausibility of clinical disease states,such as SDH,hemorrhagic retinopathy,and cerebral edema,associated with hypothetical or proffered action sequences during the course of an unwitnessed *** is important to note,however,that in vitro models by their nature are low‑evidence quality studies that attempt to advance hypotheses but do not address cause and *** a whole,biomechanical models,as they pertain specifically to the brain and spine,are mathematically ***,endpoints of limited relevance are relied upon(e.g.,skull fracture thresholds),which predictably overestimate the in vivo risk of significant *** the increasing role of biomechanical engineering in the interpretation of fatal pediatric head trauma,a heightened awareness of the limitations warranted.

关键词： Abusive head trauma biomechanics brain injury impact subdural hematoma

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Implications of CMS analysis of photon-photon interactions for photon PDFs

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Chinese Physics C 2018年第11期42卷 1-7页

作者： Pazilet Obul Mamut Ababekri Sayipjamal Dulat Joshua Isaacson carl schmidt C.-P. Yuan School of Physics Science and Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China Center for Theoretical Physics Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia IL 60510 USA

As part of a recent analysis of exclusive two-photon production of W＋W- pairs at the LHC, the CMS experiment used di-lepton data to obtain an ＂effective＂ photon-photon luminosity. We show how the CMS analysis on their 8 TeV data, along with some assumptions about the likelihood for events in which the proton breaks up to pass the selection criteria, can be used to significantly constrain the photon parton distribution functions, such as those from the CTEQ, MrST, and NNPDF collaborations. We compare the data with predictions using these photon distributions, as well as the new LUXqed photon distribution. We study the impact of including these data on the NNPDF2.3QED, NNPDF3.0QED and CT14QEDinc fits. We find that these data place a useful and complementary cross-check on the photon distribution, which is consistent with the LUXqed prediction while suggesting that the NNPDF photon error band should be significantly reduced. Additionally, we propose a simple model for describing the two-photon production of W^＋W^- at the LHC. Using this model, we constrain the number of inelastic photons that remain after the experimental cuts are applied.

关键词： applications of electroweak models to specific processes summation of perturbation theory inclusive production with identified leptons photons or other nonhadronic particles

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Homicidal Abuse of Young Children:A Historical Perspective

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2017年第2期3卷 97-110页

作者： rudy J Castellani Joyce L deJong carl J schmidt Department of Pathology Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D.School of MedicineKalamazoo Department of Pathology Wayne County Medical ExaminerUniversity of MichiganDetroitMlUSA

The past 50 years has seen a heightened awareness of abusive injury patterns and increased concern for the plight of children victimized by their *** of the young,however,has been embedded in society since the beginning of recorded ***,nature provides abundant examples of infanticide in lower animals,raising the question of whether exploitation,apathy,and violence toward children are on some level evolutionarily *** human antiquity,selective killing of females,the illegitimate,and the malformed,killing by ritualistic sacrifice or to conserve resources was carried out with *** middle ages and later saw a decline in these practices albeit *** hundred years into the industrial revolution,with harsh child labor in public view,legal remedies were sought to protect children but with little *** domestic abuse of children was not addressed until a pivotal 19^(th)-century case,in which the rights of animals were invoked to intervene on behalf of a *** the 20th century,physicians began to look closely at anatomical findings;patterns due to trauma,especially inflicted trauma,began to emerge.“Battered child syndrome”was followed by“shaken baby syndrome”,the latter prompted by the recurrent findings of subdural hematoma,retinal hemorrhages,and brain injury with the absence of impact injuries and no plausible accidental or natural disease *** the 21st century,high-quality studies and an emphasis on evidenced-based medicine substantiated the existence ofiiijury patterns resulting from homicidal ***,progress has been uneven.A case of child abuse that reached the US Supreme Court resulted in an ill-cited dissent that seems to have amplified an already toxic medicolegal environment,perhaps *** difficulties in balancing the welfare of society with that of caregivers in the aftermath of homicidal abuse will no doubt continue.

关键词： Abusive head trauma child abuse homicide infanticide

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reduction of PDF uncertainty in the measurement of the weak mixing angle at the ATLAS experiment

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第5期45卷 1-18页

作者：付尧杨思奇刘明辉韩良侯铁君 carl schmidt 王晨 C-P.Yuan Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaJinzhai Road 96Hefei 230026China Department of Physics College of SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823USA

We investigate the parton distribution function(PDF)uncertainty in the measurement of the effective weak mixing angle sin2θ^(l)_(eff)at the CErN Large Hadron Collider(LHC).The PDF-induced uncertainty is large in proton-proton collisions at the LHC due to the dilution *** measurement of the Drell-Yan forward-backward asymmetry(ApB)at the LHC can be used to reduce the PDF uncertainty in the sin2θ^(l)_(eff)***,when including the full mass range of lepton pairs in the AFB data analysis,the correlation between the PDF updating procedure and the sin2θ^(l)_(eff) extraction leads to a sizable bias in the obtained sin2θ^(l)_(eff)*** our studies,we find that the bias can be significantly reduced by removing Drell-Yan events with invariant mass around the Z-pole region,while most of the sensitivity in reducing the PDF uncertainty ***,the lepton charge asymmetry in the^boson events as a function of the rapidity of the charged leptons,A±(ηl),is known to be another observable which can be used to reduce the PDF uncertainty in the sin2θ^(l)_(eff)*** constraint from A±(ηl)is complementary to that from AFB,and thus no bias affects the sin2θ^(l)_(eff)*** studies are performed using the error PDF Updating Method Package(ePump),which is based on Hessian updating *** this article,the CT14HErA2 PDF set is used as an example.

关键词： parton distribution function weak mixing angle hadron collider experiment electroweak

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Update on Liver Failure Following Hepatic resection: Strategies for Prediction and Avoidance of Post-operative Liver Insufficiency

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 97-104页

作者： Amir A. rahnemai-Azar Jordan M. Cloyd Sharon M. Weber Mary Dillhoff carl schmidt Emily r. Winslow Timothy M. Pawlik Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin HospitalMadisonWIUSA Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Liver resection is increasingly used for a variety of benign and malignant *** advances in preoperative selection,surgical technique and perioperative management,posthepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following liver *** the devastating physiological consequences of PHLF and the lack of effective treatment options,identifying risk factors and preventative strategies for PHLF is *** the past,a major limitation to conducting high quality research on risk factors and prevention strategies for PHLF has been the absence of a standardized *** this article,we describe relevant definitions for PHLF,discuss risk factors and prediction models,and review advances in liver assessment tools and PHLF prevention strategies.

关键词： Complication Hepatectomy Liver failure Liver resection Prevention risk models

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The impact of salps(Salpa thompsoni) on the Antarctic krill population(Euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study

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Ecological Processes 2023年第4期12卷 38-53页

作者： Bruno Walter Pietzsch Aaron schmidt Jürgen Groeneveld Dominik Bahlburg Bettina Meyer Uta Berger Faculty of Environmental Sciences Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences Technische Universit?t Dresden Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Section Polar Biological Oceanography Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM) Carl-Von-Ossietzky University Helmholtz Institute for Marine Functional Biodiversity(HIFMB)

Background Krill（Euphausia superba） and salps（Salpa thompsoni） are key macrozooplankton grazers in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. However, due to differing habitat requirements, both species previously exhibited little spatial overlap. With ongoing climate change-induced seawater temperature increase and regional sea ice loss, salps can now extend their spatial distribution into historically krill-dominated areas and increase rapidly due to asexual reproduction when environmental conditions are favorable. Understanding the potential effects on krill is crucial, since krill is a species of exceptional trophic significance in the Southern Ocean food web. Negative impacts on krill could trigger cascading effects on its predators and prey. To address this question, we combined two individual-based models on salps and krill, which describe the whole life cycle of salp individuals and the dynamic energy budget of individual krill. The resulting new model PEKrIS（PErformance of KrIll vs. Salps） simulates a krill population for 100 years under varying chlorophyll-a concentrations in the presence or absence of *** All of the investigated krill population properties（abundance, mean length, and yearly egg production） were significantly impacted by the presence of salps. On the other hand, salp density was not impacted if krill were present. The medians of krill population properties deviated during variable maximum chlorophyll-a density per year when salps were introduced by-99.9%（-234 individuals per 1000 m3） for krill density,-100%（-22,062 eggs per 1000 m3） for krill eggs and-0.9%（-0.3 mm） for mean length of *** If both species compete for the same food resource in a closed space, salps seem to inhibit krill populations. Further simulation studies should investigate whether this effect prevails if different phytoplankton sizes and consumption preferences of krill are implemented. Furthermore, direct predation of the two species or consumption of krill f

关键词： Euphausia superba Salpa thompsoni Individual-based model Food competition Population dynamics DEB theory

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Is rotational Trauma the Only relevant Pathogenic Mechanism in Hemorrhagic retinopathy of Shaken Baby Syndrome?

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第2期4卷 104-107页

作者： BS Arushi Tripathy Stephanie Dean DO Joyce L de Jong carl J schmidt rudy J Castellani Department of Pathology Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of MedicineKalamazoo Office of the Chief Medical Examiner BaltimoreMaryland Department of Pathology University of MichiganDetroitMichiganUSA

The pathogenesis of ocular hemorrhage in abusive head trauma/shaken baby syndrome(AHT/SBS)is *** severe hemorrhagic retinopathy has a robust association with AHT/SBS,mild disease is less *** report the ocular and cerebral findings in an 8‑month‑old girl with spastic torticollis who presented following confessed,violent sagittal plane acceleration‑deceleration with *** revealed subdural hemorrhage over the convexities,ischemic brain injury,and preexisting *** examination showed extensive but unilateral retinal hemorrhage,extending broadly to the ora serrata,with perimacular retinal folds and *** retina of the right globe was entirely *** findings in this case,suggest that movement of the globe within the orbit with acceleration‑deceleration,in this case greater on one side due to torticollis,may be the primary factor for severe hemorrhagic retinopathy associated with AHT/*** findings argue against putative global mechanisms,such as intracranial hypertension.

关键词： Abusive head trauma forensic neuropathology forensic science hemorrhagic retinopathy retinal hemorrhage retinoschisis shaken baby syndrome

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