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Field Evaluation of a Transport Medium and Enrichment Broth for Isolation of Campylobacter Species from Human Diarrheal Stool Samples

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Open j.urnal of Medical Microbiology 2013年第1期3卷 48-52页

作者： Apichai Srij.n Ladaporn Bodhidatta carl j. mason Gaysorn Bunyarakyothin Wipavadee j.arakul Niyada Vithayasai Department of Enteric Diseases Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS) US Army Medical Component Bangkok Thailand Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health Bangkok Thailand Regional Medical Sciences Center Department of Medical Sciences Ministry of Public Health Trang Thailand Regional Medical Sciences Center Department of Medical Sciences Ministry of Public Health Ubon Ratchathani Thailand

Campylobacter continues to be a maj.r cause of bacteriamediated diarrheal diseases, both for Thai citizens and travelers to Thailand. For field epidemiological studies, appropriate methods for storage, intralaboratory transport of patients specimens and use of enrichment culture to isolate this organism is critical. Study A, represents patient stool specimens collected in Bangkok and processed for Campylobacter culture within three hours after collection. Study B, represents stool specimens collected from patients in northeast and Southern regions of Thailand in modified CaryBlair transport medium. These specimens were transported and processed for Campylobacter in Bangkok at varying intervals ranging from 1 to 7 days. Of 900 diarrheal samples examined in study A, a total of 158 were Campylobacter positive through culture. Of these, 145 and 141 isolates were cultured by direct plating and enrichment plating respectively (P = 0.5839). From 1,168 diarrheal stool samples examined in study B, 184 were positive for Campylobacter. Direct and enrichment plating resulted in 139 and 168 culture isolates;respectively (P = 0.0003). Samples from study B delayed in processing for 1 to 3 days, resulted in 46 and 50 isolated by direct and enrichment plating;respectively (P = 0.4545). However, among samples delayed in processing for 4 to 7 days, a total of 128 Campylobacter isolates were cultured, having cultured 93 and 118 isolates through direct and enrichment plating;respectively (P = 0.0003). At present these studies demonstrate that enrichment culture has no benefit when stool specimen collection and immediate processing occur and when there is a processing delay period of 1 - 3 days. However, enrichment culture was beneficial in instances where transport and processing was delayed 4 - 7 days.

关键词： Humans Diarrhea Microbiology Stool Specimen Preservation Transportation Culture Media Campylobacter Isolation Enrichment

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Acute Diarrhea Etiology in Young Children and Adults in the Republic of Maldives—A Point Prevalence Study

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Open j.urnal of Medical Microbiology 2015年第4期5卷 222-230页

作者： Abdul A. Yoosuf Ladaporn Bodhidatta Siriporn Sornsakrin Fathimath I. Manik Shah Saeed Mohamed Hassan carl j. mason Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital Male Republic of Maldives Azmi-Naeem Medical and Diagnostic Centre Male Republic of Maldives Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bangkok Thailand Hithadhoo Regional Hospital Seenu Atoll Republic of Maldives Kulhudhuffushi Regional Hospital Haa Dhaalu Atoll Republic of Maldives

Introduction: Despite its recent status of middle-income country in WHO’s South-East Asia Region, diarrhea remains an important yet unresearched public health issue in the Republic of Maldives. Methodology: We conducted a one-month cross-sectional study in children and adults with acute diarrhea at three regional hospitals in Maldives in August-September 2007 to investigate the point-prevalence of diarrhea etiologic agents. Enteric Bacteria was identified by a standard microbiology technique and isolates were submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test for norovirus. Results: We enrolled 73 children and 57 adults with acute diarrhea. The most common pathogens detected in children were norovirus (43%) and rotavirus (18%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus (18%) and rotavirus (17%) were the most common pathogens found in adults. Multiple and mixed infections were common. All noroviruses were identified as genogroup II/type 4(GII/4). The genotype distributions of rotaviruses were G2P[4] (48%), G12P[6] (37%), G2P[6] (5%), G9P[8] (5%), and non-typeable G2 (5%). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary data on the importance of norovirus and rotavirus as diarrhea etiologic agents in Maldives. A systematic prospective diarrhea surveillance documenting disease burden, etiology, seasonal variation, as well as risk factors should be conducted for the development of public health interventions to reduce diarrhea morbidity and mortality in Maldives.

关键词： Diarrhea Maldives Rotavirus Norovirus

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Out-of-core clustering of volumetric datasets

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j.urnal of Zhej.ang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第7期7卷 1134-1140页

作者： GRANBERG carl j. Department of Computing Curtin University of Technology Perth Australia

In this paper we present a novel method for dividing and clustering large volumetric scalar out-of-core datasets. This work is based on the Ordered Cluster Binary Tree (OCBT) structure created using a top-down or divisive clustering method. The OCBT structure allows fast and efficient sub volume queries to be made in combination with level of detail (LOD) queries of the tree. The initial partitioning of the large out-of-core dataset is done by using non-axis aligned planes calculated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A hybrid OCBT structure is also proposed where an in-core cluster binary tree is combined with a large out-of-core file.

关键词： Out-of-core clustering Hybrid rendering Scientific visualization

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NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE XZ TAURI SUPERSONIC ASTROPHYSICAL j.T

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2009年第6期29卷 1677-1683页

作者： carl L. Gardner Steven j. Dwyer School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA

Computational gas dynamical simulations using the WENO-LF method are applied to modeling the high Mach number astrophysical j.t XZ Tauri, including the effects of radiative cooling. Mach 55 simulations of the pulsed proto-j.t are presented and analyzed in terms of interacting nonlinear waves： terminal Mach disks, bow shocks, and Meshkov-Richtmyer instabilities of the leading j.t contact boundary.

关键词： astrophysical j.ts ENO. method gas dynamics

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoid Solmonella in military personnel,1988-2013

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Asian Pacific j.urnal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第6期8卷 387-392页

作者： Apichai Srij.n Woradee Lurchachaiwong Boonchai Wongstitwilairoong Ladaporn Bodhidatta carl mason Brett Swierczewski Department of Enteric Diseases Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical SciencesBangkokThailand Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences current affiliation of the Henry M.Jackson FoundationBethesdaMDUSA

Obj.ctive:To describe the spanning 25 years data for the occurrence, magnitude, and trends regarding antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidalSalmonella (NTS) isolated from non-immune travelers to Thailand participating in j.int military ***:A total of 355 NTS isolates, obtained from 2052 fecal samples from US soldiers deployed for military maneuvers in Thailand during 1988-2013, were examined for NTS serogroup/serotypes and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion to these 10 antibiotics:ampicillin, azithromycin (AZM), ciprofloxacin, colistin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TET), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Identified AZM-resistant NTS isolates were further evaluated for their minimal inhibitory concentration by the E-test ***:NTS infections accounted for 17.3％ (355/2052), including 11 serogroups and 50 different serotypes. The most prevalent serogroup wasSalmonella group C2-C3 (35.8％, 127/355) followed by groups B (21.1％, 75/355) and C1 (18.6％, 66/355). Identified serotypes includedSalmonellahadar (n=60),Salmonellarissen (n=45), andSalmonella blockley (n=34). Among the predominate serogroups, antimicrobial resistance was consistently high against TET (76.9％, 273/355) followed by STR (40.8％, 145/355). OneSalmonella senftenberg isolate demonstrated decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Most isolates (94.6％) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials, and the most common multidrug resistance was TET-STR-nalidixic acid (11.5％, 41/355).Conclusions:The prevalence of NTS serotypes and the growing magnitude of antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from deployed US military in Thailand are documented from 1988-2013. This study demonstrates the antibiotic resistance profiles, highlighting the effectiveness of AZM that is a first-line treatment for travelers to Southeast Asia. AZM-resistant NTS isolates are periodically observed over a 25-year period. Hence, the ongoing surveilla

关键词： Non-typhoid Salmonella Antimicrobial resistance Azithromycin Deployed military Public health Thailand

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Impact of patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in a tropical montane evergreen forest patches of south India

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j.urnal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1675-1687页

作者： Dharmalingam Mohandass mason j.Campbell Priya Davidar Root and Soil Biology Laboratory Department of BotanyBharathiar UniversityCoimbatoreTaminadu 641046India Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science(T.E.S.S.) College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLD 4870Australia Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Pondicherry UniversityKalapetPondicherry 605014India

We examined the effects of forest patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in tropical montane evergreen forest patches of the Nilgiri region,south India. We sampled woody trees(>1 cm dbh) from 21 forest patches in the upper Nilgiri hills(> 2000 m elevation) and recorded a total of 35,146 individuals of 61 species, 45 genera and 30 families. Species richness and abundance of sapling/shrubs(≥ 1 to j.r role in determining the inherent plant community and thus the subsequent ecological processes of forest patches, including their responses to increasing patch area.

关键词： Dispersal mode Forest fragments Shade-tolerance Species–area relationships Western Ghats

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Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of intracranial gliomas:A review of current practice and considerations for future clinical directions

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j.urnal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第1期8卷 40-59页

作者： carl j.Fisher Lothar Lilge Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Princess Margaret Cancer Centre 101 College StRm.15-710 TorontoON M5G 1L7 University Health Network Princess Margaret Cancer Centre 101 College St Rm.15-310TorontoON M5G 1L7

Invasive grade III and IV maliguant gliomas remain difficult to treat with a typical survival time post-diagnosis hovering around 16 months with only minor extension thereof seen in the past decade,whereas some improvements have been obtained towards five-year survival rates for which completeness of resection is a *** techniques such as fluorescence guided resection(FGR)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)are promising adj.vant techniques to in-crease the tumor volume reduction *** has been used in combination with surgical resection or alternatively as standalone treat ment strategy with some sucoess in extending the median survival time of patients compared to surgery alone and the current standard of *** document reviews the outcome of past clinical trials and highlights the general shift in PDT therapeutic *** also looks at the current approaches for interstitial PDT and research options into increasing PDT's glioma treatment fficacy through exploiting both physical and biological based approaches to maximize PDT selectivity and therapeutic index,particularly in brain adj.cent to tumor(BAT).Potential reasons for failing to demonstrate a significant survival advantage in prior PDT clinical trials will become evident in light of the improved understanding of glioma biology and PDT dosimetry.

关键词： Oncology brain tumour photodynamic dose therapeutic index photofin aminolu-velinic acid

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Combination antiretroviral studies for patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2016年第1期22卷 349-360页

作者： Ellina Lytvyak Aldo j.Montano-Loza Andrew L mason Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Alberta

Following the characterization of a human betaretrovirus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),pilot studies using antiretroviral therapy have been conducted as proof of principal to establish a link of virus with disease and with the eventual aim to find better adj.nct therapies for patients unresponsive to ursodeoxycholic *** the first open label pilot study,the reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine had little demonstrable biochemical or histological effect after 1 ***,lamivudine in combination with zidovudine was associated with a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase as well as improvement in necroinflammatory score,cholangitis and ductopenia over a 12 mo period.A double blind,multi-center randomized controlled trial using lamivudine with zidovudine for 6 mo confirmed a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase,ALT and AST in patients on antiviral ***,none of the patients achieved the stringent endpoint criteria for normalization of alkaline ***,some patients developed biochemical rebound consistent with drug resistance.A maj.r fault of these studies has been the inability to measure the viral load in peripheral blood and therefore,provide a direct correlation between improvement of hepatic biochemistry and reduction in viral ***,viral mutants to lamivudine with zidovudine were later characterized in the NOD.c3c4 mouse model of PBC that has been used to test other antiretroviral regimens to *** combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine reverse transcriptase inhibitors and the HIV protease inhibitor,lopinavir were found to abrogate cholangitis in the NOD.c3c4 mouse model and the same regimen normalized the liver tests in a PBC patient with HIV and human betaretrovirus *** combination antiretroviral therapy has now been used in a double blind randomized controlled crossover study for patients with PBC followed by an open label extension *** a thi

关键词： Primary biliary cirrhosis Antiretroviraltherapy Human betaretrovirus Randomized controlledtrial Endpoints for trials

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Arabinan Metabolism during Seed Development and Germination in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 966-976页

作者： Leonardo D. Gomez Clare G. Steele-King Louise j.nes j.nathan M. Foster Supachai Vuttipongchaikij.Simon j. McQueen-mason CNAP Department of Biology University of York Heslington York YO10 5YW United Kingdom

Arabinans are found in the pectic network of many cell walls, where, along with galactan, they are present as side chains of Rhamnogalacturonan I. Whilst arabinans have been reported to be abundant polymers in the cell walls of seeds from a range of plant species, their proposed role as a storage reserve has not been thoroughly investigated. In the cell walls of Arabidopsis seeds, arabinose accounts for approximately 40% of the monosaccharide composition of non- cellulosic polysaccharides of embryos. Arabinose levels decline to -15% during seedling establishment, indicating that cell wall arabinans may be mobilized during germination. Immunolocalization of arabinan in embryos, seeds, and seedlings reveals that arabinans accumulate in developing and mature embryos, but disappear during germination and seedling establishment. Experiments using 14C-arabinose show that it is readily incorporated and metabolized in growing seedlings, indicating an active catabolic pathway for this sugar. We found that depleting arabinans in seeds using a fungal arabinanase causes delayed seedling growth, lending support to the hypothesis that these polymers may help fuel early seedling growth.

关键词： Cell walls development embryogenesis and seed development Arabidopsis arabinan arabinose carbohydrate metabolism physiology of plant growth.

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Stellar interiors 2ed.

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丛书名： Astronomy and astrophysics library

2004年

作者： carl j. Hansen Steven D Kawaler Virginia Trimble

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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