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Homicidal Abuse of Young Children:A Historical Perspective

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journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2017年第2期3卷 97-110页

作者： Rudy j Castellani joyce L dejong carl j schmidt Department of Pathology Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D.School of MedicineKalamazoo Department of Pathology Wayne County Medical ExaminerUniversity of MichiganDetroitMlUSA

The past 50 years has seen a heightened awareness of abusive injury patterns and increased concern for the plight of children victimized by their *** of the young,however,has been embedded in society since the beginning of recorded ***,nature provides abundant examples of infanticide in lower animals,raising the question of whether exploitation,apathy,and violence toward children are on some level evolutionarily *** human antiquity,selective killing of females,the illegitimate,and the malformed,killing by ritualistic sacrifice or to conserve resources was carried out with *** middle ages and later saw a decline in these practices albeit *** hundred years into the industrial revolution,with harsh child labor in public view,legal remedies were sought to protect children but with little *** domestic abuse of children was not addressed until a pivotal 19^(th)-century case,in which the rights of animals were invoked to intervene on behalf of a *** the 20th century,physicians began to look closely at anatomical findings;patterns due to trauma,especially inflicted trauma,began to emerge.“Battered child syndrome”was followed by“shaken baby syndrome”,the latter prompted by the recurrent findings of subdural hematoma,retinal hemorrhages,and brain injury with the absence of impact injuries and no plausible accidental or natural disease *** the 21st century,high-quality studies and an emphasis on evidenced-based medicine substantiated the existence ofiiijury patterns resulting from homicidal ***,progress has been uneven.A case of child abuse that reached the US Supreme Court resulted in an ill-cited dissent that seems to have amplified an already toxic medicolegal environment,perhaps *** difficulties in balancing the welfare of society with that of caregivers in the aftermath of homicidal abuse will no doubt continue.

关键词： Abusive head trauma child abuse homicide infanticide

Evidence for Cerebral Microvascular Injury in Head Trauma Involving Infants and Young Children

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journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2022年第2期8卷 41-45页

作者： Rudolph j.Castellani Ashley Rose Scholl carl j.schmidt Department of Pathology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA Department of Pathology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Pathology Wayne County Medical Examiner's OfficeDetroitMichiganUSA Department of Pathology University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA

Background:The pathophysiology of lethal head trauma in infants and young children involves repetitive rotational forces of sufficient magnitude to produce subdural hemorrhage and brain swelling,which leads to considerable morbidity and *** precise mechanism for brain swelling is *** and Methods:We examined cerebral tissue from ten pediatric deaths due to blunt force trauma,along with seven control infants who asphyxiated in unsafe sleep *** assess the competence of the blood-brain barrier,we performed immunohistochemical stains for albumin and immunoglobulin G(IgG).Results:IgG and albumin were increased in subpial and superficial perivascular tissue in those cases due to blunt force trauma,and in particular,the blunt force trauma associated with subdural *** included two deaths at the scene without hospital survival ***:Our findings suggest disruption of the blood-brain barrier with vasogenic edema as an early event in head trauma involving young children upstream of global ischemic brain *** hypothesize that mechanical injury to the cortical vasculature results in vasogenic edema by oncotic(increased plasma proteins in the cortical interstitium)and hydrostatic(increased capillary pressure)mechanisms,with subsequent cortical *** may explain why ischemic sequelae appear to occur in head trauma involving young children,regardless of whether anoxia,hypotension,or cardiac arrest complicate the disease course and may in part underlie the high morbidity and mortality of head trauma in early childhood.

关键词： Edema pediatric head trauma subdural hematoma traumatic brain injury

Is Rotational Trauma the Only Relevant Pathogenic Mechanism in Hemorrhagic Retinopathy of Shaken Baby Syndrome?

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journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第2期4卷 104-107页

作者： BS Arushi Tripathy Stephanie Dean DO joyce L de jong carl j schmidt Rudy j Castellani Department of Pathology Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of MedicineKalamazoo Office of the Chief Medical Examiner BaltimoreMaryland Department of Pathology University of MichiganDetroitMichiganUSA

The pathogenesis of ocular hemorrhage in abusive head trauma/shaken baby syndrome(AHT/SBS)is *** severe hemorrhagic retinopathy has a robust association with AHT/SBS,mild disease is less *** report the ocular and cerebral findings in an 8‑month‑old girl with spastic torticollis who presented following confessed,violent sagittal plane acceleration‑deceleration with *** revealed subdural hemorrhage over the convexities,ischemic brain injury,and preexisting *** examination showed extensive but unilateral retinal hemorrhage,extending broadly to the ora serrata,with perimacular retinal folds and *** retina of the right globe was entirely *** findings in this case,suggest that movement of the globe within the orbit with acceleration‑deceleration,in this case greater on one side due to torticollis,may be the primary factor for severe hemorrhagic retinopathy associated with AHT/*** findings argue against putative global mechanisms,such as intracranial hypertension.

关键词： Abusive head trauma forensic neuropathology forensic science hemorrhagic retinopathy retinal hemorrhage retinoschisis shaken baby syndrome

Physical activity with or without dietary intervention for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 753-755页

作者： carl j.Lavie Salvatore Carbone Leandro Slipczuk The john Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute Ochsner Clinical Schoolthe University of Queensland School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70121USA Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences College of Humanities and SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23284USA Montefiore Health System/Albert Einstein College of Medicine BronxNY 10461USA

We and others have published extensively on the benefits of physical activity(PA),exercise training,and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)to decrease the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and CVD and all-cause morbidity and mortality.^(1-5)Both PA and CRF are important;however,CRF,which is mostly obtained through PA,although there is a genetic component,seems to be even more important than PA for predicting prognosis.^(1,4-6)Certainly,the wealth of data from across the world has indicated that increasing PA to enhance CRF while mitigating sedentary behavior would go a long way to lessen the world-wide obesity epidemic and reduce CVD and all-cause mortality.

关键词： mortality prevention diseases

The NORE1A/RASSF5 Tumor Suppressor Forms a Complex with GSK-3β to Regulate β-Catenin

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journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 60-75页

作者： M. Lee schmidt Howard Donninger Geoffrey j. Clark Department Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville Louisville USA US Worldmeds LouisvilleUSA Department of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville USA Experimental Therapeutics Program James Graham Brown Cancer Center University of Louisville Louisville USA

NORE1A (RASSF5) is a tumor suppressor of the RASSF family that is often down-regulated in human tumors. NORE1A has multiple roles in controlling cellular homeostasis, one of them being regulating levels of β-catenin by binding and modulating the ubiquitin ligase substrate recognition factor β-TrCP. β-catenin is a major executor of the Wnt pathway. The ubiquitin SCF-β-TrCP ligase complex acts on a phospho-degron site in β-catenin that can be phosphorylated by GSK-3β. We now show that in addition to binding β-TrCP, NORE1A also promotes the phosphorylation of the β-catenin phospho-degron by complexing with the kinase GSK-3β. Indeed, NORE1A enhances the formation of a GSK-3β/β-TrCP complex. A structural mutant of NORE1A that retains β-TrCP binding but will no longer interact with GSK-3β inhibits the β-catenin degrading action of NORE1A. The GSK-3β interaction with NORE1A plays an important role in the biology of NORE1A as a GSK-3β inhibitor blocks NORE1A induced senescence. Thus, we identify a new role for the tumor suppressor NORE1A: The regulation of GSK-3β. GSK-3β has many other substrates including multiple transcription factors and co-activators such as p53 and the Hippo component TAZ. The work implies that NORE1A may be able to influence all of them via this new kinase scaffolding interaction.

关键词： RAS NORE1A RASSF5 GSK-3β Beta Catenin HIPPO

Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune,cfDNA,mitochondrial,and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： j.Sebastian Garcia-Medina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Narayanan Eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney Caleb M.schmidt Nuria Mencia-Trinchant Remi Klotz Veronica Ortiz jonathan Foox Christopher Chin Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus Chan carlos Cruchaga Ashley Kleinman jangKeun Kim Alexander Lucaci Conor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singaraju Lynn E.Taylor julian C.schmidt Michael A.schmidt Kelly Blease juan Moreno Andrew Boddicker junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane C.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton jaime Mateus Christopher E.Mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space Exploration Technologies Corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Human Performance Group BoulderCO 80302USA Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-civilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic *** advances,there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including microgravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was measured by quantitative PCR,while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess mutational *** Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures *** significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)or whole-genome instability was *** long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to *** sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career *** study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight,low Earth orbit(LEO)missions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondria ribosomes spaceflight

Out-of-core clustering of volumetric datasets

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第7期7卷 1134-1140页

作者： GRANBERG carl j. Department of Computing Curtin University of Technology Perth Australia

In this paper we present a novel method for dividing and clustering large volumetric scalar out-of-core datasets. This work is based on the Ordered Cluster Binary Tree (OCBT) structure created using a top-down or divisive clustering method. The OCBT structure allows fast and efficient sub volume queries to be made in combination with level of detail (LOD) queries of the tree. The initial partitioning of the large out-of-core dataset is done by using non-axis aligned planes calculated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A hybrid OCBT structure is also proposed where an in-core cluster binary tree is combined with a large out-of-core file.

关键词： Out-of-core clustering Hybrid rendering Scientific visualization

Implications of CMS analysis of photon-photon interactions for photon PDFs

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Chinese Physics C 2018年第11期42卷 1-7页

作者： Pazilet Obul Mamut Ababekri Sayipjamal Dulat joshua Isaacson carl schmidt C.-P. Yuan School of Physics Science and Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China Center for Theoretical Physics Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia IL 60510 USA

As part of a recent analysis of exclusive two-photon production of W＋W- pairs at the LHC, the CMS experiment used di-lepton data to obtain an ＂effective＂ photon-photon luminosity. We show how the CMS analysis on their 8 TeV data, along with some assumptions about the likelihood for events in which the proton breaks up to pass the selection criteria, can be used to significantly constrain the photon parton distribution functions, such as those from the CTEQ, MRST, and NNPDF collaborations. We compare the data with predictions using these photon distributions, as well as the new LUXqed photon distribution. We study the impact of including these data on the NNPDF2.3QED, NNPDF3.0QED and CT14QEDinc fits. We find that these data place a useful and complementary cross-check on the photon distribution, which is consistent with the LUXqed prediction while suggesting that the NNPDF photon error band should be significantly reduced. Additionally, we propose a simple model for describing the two-photon production of W^＋W^- at the LHC. Using this model, we constrain the number of inelastic photons that remain after the experimental cuts are applied.

关键词： applications of electroweak models to specific processes summation of perturbation theory inclusive production with identified leptons photons or other nonhadronic particles

Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of intracranial gliomas:A review of current practice and considerations for future clinical directions

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journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第1期8卷 40-59页

作者： carl j.Fisher Lothar Lilge Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Princess Margaret Cancer Centre 101 College StRm.15-710 TorontoON M5G 1L7 University Health Network Princess Margaret Cancer Centre 101 College St Rm.15-310TorontoON M5G 1L7

Invasive grade III and IV maliguant gliomas remain difficult to treat with a typical survival time post-diagnosis hovering around 16 months with only minor extension thereof seen in the past decade,whereas some improvements have been obtained towards five-year survival rates for which completeness of resection is a *** techniques such as fluorescence guided resection(FGR)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)are promising adjuvant techniques to in-crease the tumor volume reduction *** has been used in combination with surgical resection or alternatively as standalone treat ment strategy with some sucoess in extending the median survival time of patients compared to surgery alone and the current standard of *** document reviews the outcome of past clinical trials and highlights the general shift in PDT therapeutic *** also looks at the current approaches for interstitial PDT and research options into increasing PDT's glioma treatment fficacy through exploiting both physical and biological based approaches to maximize PDT selectivity and therapeutic index,particularly in brain adjacent to tumor(BAT).Potential reasons for failing to demonstrate a significant survival advantage in prior PDT clinical trials will become evident in light of the improved understanding of glioma biology and PDT dosimetry.

关键词： Oncology brain tumour photodynamic dose therapeutic index photofin aminolu-velinic acid