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Military Medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 730-732页

作者： carine tchibozo Gildas Hounkanrin Anges Yadouleton Alexandra Bialonski Eric Agboli Renke Luhken Jonas Schmidt‑Chanasit Hanna Jost Laboratory of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses of Benin 01BP 918CotonouBenin Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou 01BP 918CotonouBenin Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou National Universityof ScienceTechnologyEngineering and MathematicsAbomeyBenin Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine WHO Collaborating Centrefor Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research20359 Ham‑burgGermany University of Health and Allied Sciences PMB 31HoGhana Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Natural SciencesUniversitat Hamburg22609 HamburgGermany

Dear Editor,Dengue virus(DENV,family Flaviviridae,genus Flavivirus)serotypes 1 to 4(DENV-1,-2,-3,and-4)are responsible for more than 100 million infections per year *** of DENV infection can be diverse,reaching from a... 详细信息

关键词： Dengue virus Arbovirus Mosquitoes Aedes aegypti Benin

Introduction of monkeypox virus in Benin,2022

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军事医学研究:英文版 2023年第4期10卷 572-574页

作者： Anges Yadouleton Martin Faye carine tchibozo Mariam Oke Oumar Faye Thierry Lawale Eric Denon RenéKeke Ange Dossou Alban Zohoun Francis Dossou Moussa Moise Diagne Sourakou Salifou Khadija Leila Diatta Mignane Ndiaye Safietou Sankhe Amadou Diallo Sonia Bedie Clément Glele-Kakai Al Fattah Onifade Raoul Saizonou Gildas Hounkanrin Olga Quenum Yvette Badou Benjamin Hounkpatin Amadou Alpha Sall Ousmane Faye Laboratoire des Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales(LFHV) Ministry of Health of Benin01-882CotonouBenin Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou UniversitéNationale des SciencesTechnologiesIngénierie et Mathématiques(UNSTIM)2282GohoAbomeyCotonouBenin Virology Department Institut Pasteur de Dakar36 Avenue Pasteur220DakarSenegal Ministry of Health of Benin 01-882CotonouBenin National Public Health Laboratory Ministry of Health of Benin01-882CotonouBenin Epidemiology Clinical Research and Data Science DepartmentInstitut Pasteur de Dakar220DakarSenegal WHO Country Office in Benin Avenue CENSAD-Les Cocotiers01BP 918CotonouBenin

Dear Editor,Monkeypox is an infectious disease that is endemic in a dozen of African *** imported cases have been also reported outside of Africa in the past[1].Since early May 2022,monkeypox infections including human-to-human transmission,were reported in a multi-country outbreak in non-endemic countries and declared Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by the World Health Organization(WHO)in July 2022[2].As of 20 September 2022,a total of at least 62,798 human cases of monkeypox with 20 deaths have been confirmed in 115 countries in five WHO regions[3].

关键词： Monkeypox virus Introduction Human-to-human transmission Benin

Modelling of a WDM Network Using Graph Theory and Dijkstra Algorithm for Traffic Redirection

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第7期12卷 78-93页

作者： Eric Michel Deussom Djomadji Ebude carine Awasume Eloundou Boris Donald Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering College of Technology University of Buea Buea Cameroon Division of ICT National Advanced School of Post Telecommunication and ICT University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Optical transport networks are now the basic infrastructure of modern communications systems, including the SDH and WDM backbone network of local network operators, in the case of Cameroon. Given the colossal investments required to deploy these networks, particularly related to the cost of equipment (optical fibers, transponders and multiplexers), the optimization of bandwidth and dynamic allocation of resources is essential to control operating costs and ensure continuity of service. Automatic switching technology for optical networks brings intelligence to the control plane to fully facilitate bandwidth utilization, traffic redirection, and automatic configuration of end-to-end services. This paper considers a local network operator’s WDM network without the implementation of the automatic switching technology, develops a network modeling software platform called Graphic Networks and using graph theory integrates a particularity of the automatic switching technology, which is the automatic rerouting of traffic in case of incident in the network. The incidents considered here are those links or route failures and node failures.

关键词： Graph Theory Backbone Network WDM Djikstra Algorithm

Epidemiological, Clinical and Evolutionary Aspects of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Children in Nola

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 344-358页

作者： Brice Olivier Bogning Mejiozem Gaspard Tékpa Synthia Ningatoloum Nazita Jocelyn Tony Nengom Danebera Lydie Verlaine carine Judith Kiteze Nguinzanémou Rostand Juste Koyangboi Kombaya Iris Vanessa Gaspiet Sonny Jean Chrysostome Gody Complexe Hospitalier Pédiatrique de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Service des Maladies Infectieuses H&#244pital de l’Amitié Bangui République Centrafricaine Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Bangui République Centrafricaine Faculté de Médecineet des Sciences Biomédicales Université de Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroun

Background: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) occurs in three historical foci in the Central African Republic. Objective: To describe the morbi-mortality of childhood HAT in rural Central African Republic with the aim of early management. Methods: Descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2017 to March 30, 2018 at Nola prefectural hospital. This study was included all children seen as outpatients and/or hospitalized in the pediatric wards, in whom the diagnosis of HAT was confirmed. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi-info software. Results: Forty children were included from Bilolo (60%), Nola (30%) and Salo (10%). The sex ratio was 0.66 with a median age of 8.65 ± 12.48 years. Fever (82.5%), nocturnal insomnia (75%), daytime somnolence (67.5%), headache (65%), polyarthralgia (62.5%), convulsions 52.5% (n = 21), tremor (27.5%), trypanidism (7.5%) and delirium (2.5%) were the main functional signs. Examination signs were adenopathy (52.5%), paresthesia (30%), decreased cutaneous-abdominal reflexes (25%) and osteoarticular reflexes (17.5%), hyperesthesia (20%), extrapyramidal hypertonia (15%) and depression (2.5%). The children were in the lymphatic-blood phase in 65% of cases, and meningoencephalitis in 35%. Pentamidine was administered in 65% of cases. Four children died and 6 had neurological sequelae. There was an association between age under 5, Bilolo’s focus, the children’s history and the severity of the disease. Age under 5, gender, household, children’s activity, history and occurrence of sequelae were also associated. Conclusion: HAT remains a permanent threat to Central African children. Any clinical presentation combining long-term infectious signs and unexplained neurological or neuropsychological disorders must be treated with caution.

关键词： Morbidity-Mortality Child HAT Nola CAR

Multidrug-Resistant of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Strains in Chicken Feces Intended for Consumption in Open Spaces of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 881-892页

作者： Stéphanie Lynseh carine Sita Bénao Dabiré Amana Métuor Abdoul Karim Ouattara Rahimatou Yasmine Wendkouni Tiemtoré Nicolas Ouédraogo Blandine Ouédraogo Rhaina Olivia Badini Lionel Eliada Benoit Bambara Serge Sougué Jacques Simporé Biomolecular and Genetic Laboratory (LABIOGENE) Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA) Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology University of D&#233dougou D&#233dougou Burkina Faso National Malaria Research and Training Centre (CNRFP) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Resistant bacteria can be transmitted to humans through feces or contaminated meat from local chickens. Bacterial strains were isolated from the intestinal contents of 400 local chicken samples from various sales sites. These strains were then characterized using bacteriological and biochemical methods to identify resistant strains. In a study conducted in Ouagadougou, we systematically collected chicken fecal samples from 20 locations across the city, followed by isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. using specific enrichment and culture methods, as well as Escherichia coli. Bacterial strains were characterized using antibiotic resistance profiles were determined through agar diffusion tests, revealing sensitivity or resistance to a range of antibiotics based on established scientific criteria. The results showed that out of the 400 samples collected, 81.25% and 63.5% were contaminated by Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., respectively. Among these, 86.15% of identified Escherichia coli and 50.78% of Salmonella spp. displayed resistance to at least one tested antibiotic. Among 280 Escherichia coli isolates identified resistant to at least one antibiotic, 31.07% were resistant to cefotaxime (CTX), 20.35% to ceftazidime (CAZ), 21.07% to ceftriaxone (CTR), 75% to amoxicillin clavulanic acid (AMC), 23.57% aztreoname (ATM) and 27.14% were resistant to imipenem (IMP). In the case of the 129 Salmonella spp. isolates resistant to at least one tested antibiotic, 34.88% were resistant to CTX;41.08% to CAZ;35.65% to CTR, 92% to AMC, 39.53% to ATM and finally 47.28% were resistant to IMP. Our study revealed high prevalence of resistance in bacterial strains isolated from local chickens sold outdoors in Ouagadougou. These findings raise significant public health concerns, due to the possible transmission of these resistant strains to humans through the consumption of contaminated meat, thus complicating the treatment of bacterial infections.

关键词： Multidrug-Resistant Chicken Ouagadougou Escherichia coli Salmonella spp. Antibiotic

Prospective study comparing hepatic steatosis assessment by magnetic resonance imaging and four ultrasound methods in 105 successive patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第22期29卷 3548-3560页

作者： Remi Collin Benoit Magnin Constance Gaillard carine Nicolas Armand Abergel Benjamin Buchard Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Dupuytren University HospitalLimoges 87000France Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Clermont-Ferrand University HospitalClermont-Ferrand 63000France Department of Radiology Clermont-Ferrand University HospitalClermont-Ferrand 63000France

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is becoming a major health problem,resulting in hepatic,metabolic and cardio-vascular *** To evaluate new ultrasonographic tools to detect and measure hepatic *** We prospectively included 105 patients referred to our liver unit for NAFLD suspicion or *** underwent ultrasonographic measurement of liver sound speed estimation(SSE)and attenuation coefficient(AC)using Aixplorer MACH 30(Supersonic Imagine,France),continuous controlled attenuation parameter(cCAP)using Fibroscan(Echosens,France)and standard liver ultrasound with hepato-renal index(HRI)*** steatosis was then classified according to magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction(PDFF).Receiver operating curve(ROC)analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of *** Most patients were overweight or obese(90%)and had metabolic syndrome(70%).One third suffered from *** was identified in 85 patients(81%)according to ***-one patients(20%)had advanced liver ***,AC,cCAP and HRI correlated with PDFF,with respective Spearman correlation coefficient of-0.39,0.42,0.54 and 0.59(P<0.01).Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)for detection of steatosis with HRI was 0.91(0.83-0.99),with the best cut-off value being 1.3(Se=83%,Sp=98%).The optimal cCAP threshold of 275 dB/m,corresponding to the recent EASL-suggested threshold,had a sensitivity of 72%and a specificity of 80%.Corresponding AUROC was 0.79(0.66-0.92).The diagnostic accuracy of cCAP was more reliable when standard deviation was<15 dB/m with an AUC of 0.91(0.83-0.98).An AC threshold of 0.42 dB/cm/MHz had an AUROC was 0.82(0.70-0.93).SSE performed moderately with an AUROC of 0.73(0.62-0.84).CONCLUSION Among all ultrasonographic tools evaluated in this study,including new-generation tools such as cCAP and SSE,HRI had the best *** is also the simple

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Ultrasonography Steatosis assessment Magnetic resonance imaging Controlled attenuation parameter

An executive review of sludge pretreatment by sonication

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 139-153页

作者： Ngoc Tuan Le carine Julcour-Lebigue Henri Delmas University of Science Vietnam National University Université de Toulouse Laboratoire de Génie Chimique

Ultrasonication（US）, which creates hydro-mechanical shear forces in cavitation, is an advanced technology in sludge pretreatment. However, there are many factors affecting the efficacy of cavitation and ultrasonication disintegration of sludge as a *** objective of this work is to present an extensive review of evaluation approaches of sludge US pretreatment efficiency. Besides, optimization methodologies of related parameters,the differences of optimum values and the similarities of affecting trends on cavitation and sludge pretreatment efficiency were specifically pointed out, including ambient conditions,ultrasonic properties, and sludge characteristics. The research is a prerequisite for optimization of sludge US pretreatment efficiency in lab-scale and practical application. There is not-yet a comprehensive method to evaluate the efficiency of sludge US pretreatment, but some main parameters commonly used for this purpose are degree of sludge disintegration, proteins,particle size reduction, etc. Regarding US parameters, power input PUS, intensity IUS, and frequency FSseem to have significant effects. However, the magnitude of the effect of PUSand probe size in terms of IUShas not been clearly detailed. Investigating very low FSseems interesting but has not yet been taken into consideration. In addition, static pressure effect has been marginally studied only and investigation on the effect of pH prior to US process has been restricted. Their effects therefore should be varied separately and simultaneously with other related parameters, i.e. process conditions, ultrasonic properties, and sludge characteristics, to optimize sludge US pretreatment process.

关键词： Ultrasonic pretreatment Waste activated sludge Sludge disintegration Acoustic frequency Intensity effect Pressure effect

Analysis of forestry impacts and biodiversity in two Pyrenean forests through a comparison of moth communities （Lepidoptera, Heterocera）

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Insect Science 2007年第4期14卷 323-338页

作者： carine LUOUE CHARLES GERS JACQUES LAUGA NESTOR MARIANO Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversit6 UMR5172CNRS/Universit6Paul SabatierToulouseFrance Institut fur Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie-Abteilung Biologie Universitat HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Evolution et Diversit6Biologique UMR 5174 CNRS/Universit6 Paul SabatierToulouseFrance CEAMISH-Universidad Aumnoma EstadoMorelos CuemavacaMorelosCP:62210 Mexico

We have compared the biodiversity variations in moth communities between unmanaged forests and commercial forests in a mountainous environment （Pyrenees France）. The aim was to evaluate the impact of forestry activities on moth diversity. The data collected from the insects were analysed with a Bayesian specific similarity index （noted SSP index） and by statistical biodiversity indexes comparison. It was seen that diversity and richness were decreased in the plantation compared to the unmanaged forest. Interestingly, the composition of the communities of moths was shown to be not only related to the presence/absence of host plants, but also to be in relation with changes in the differences in forest architecture （i.e. the relative coverage by the different vegetation levels）. However, the moth community in the commercial forest still has a high capacity to converge with the moth community present in more natural forests. We report here a list of 177 species of moths, providing information on the distribution of some uncommon species, poorly studied as yet in the Pyrenees.

关键词： biodiversity Lepidoptera Heterocera mountainous forest ecosystems

Monitoring and factors affecting levels of airborne and water bromoform in chlorinated seawater swimming pools

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 262-270页

作者： Jean-Luc Boudenne Julien Parinet carine Demelas Tarek Manasfi Bruno Coulomb Aix Marseille Univ CNRS LCE13331 Marseille France Arises 94700 Maisons-Alfort France

Water and air quality of eight seawater swimming pools using chlorine disinfection was measured during four sampling campaigns, spread on one full-year, and in four thalassotherapy centers located in Southeast of France. Concentrations of trihalomethanes（THMs） in air and in water as well as concentrations of parameters, including nonpurgeable organic carbon（NPOC）, free residual chlorine（Cl_f）, pH, Kjeldhal Nitrogen（KN）, salinity,conductivity, bromide ions and, water and air temperature, were measured. Water and air samples were collected in triplicates morning — at the opening of the pools —, noon and night — at the closing of the pools —, in summer and winter. Data analysis was performed by Principal Component Analysis（PCA） and rotated component matrix, from both data quality and other parameters such as TOC, aromaticity（UV_（254））, pH, hygrometry, and free residual chlorine（Cl_f）. This statistical analysis demonstrates a high correlation between TOC, Cl_fand UV_（254） and THM levels found in air and water, particularly for the major ones（CHBr_3in water：300.0 μg/L mean, 1029.0 μg/L maximum; CHBr_3 in air： 266.1 μg/m^3 mean,1600.0 μg/m^3 maximum, and CHClBr_2 in water： 18.9 μg/L mean, 81.0 μg/L maximum;CHClBr_2 in air： 13.6 μg/m^3 mean, 150.0 μg/m^3maximum）. These high levels of bromoform（CHBr_3） are particularly worrisome in such health institutions, even these levels do not exceed the Permissible Exposure Limit（PEL） of 5 mg/m^3 as an 8 hour time-weighted average currently fixed by various administrations, such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration（OSHA）.

关键词： Trihalomethanes Bromoform Air Seawater Swimming pool Brominated compounds

Sporting Usefulness Potential of Nine Local Taxa of Grasses for Lawns in the Agro-Ecological Zone with Bimodal Rainfall in Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 845-856页

作者： Meboma Zanga Yanique Lionel Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Temegne Nono carine Tonfack Libert Brice Youmbi Emmanuel Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Cameroon Academy of Young Scientists (CAYS) Yaounde Cameroon

The Cameroonian flora has a very high biodiversity that remains largely unexplored. It contains many grasses that can be used for sports lawns, but are currently underutilized. In order to contribute to the improvement of the quality of sports lawns, nine local grass taxa from the agro-ecological zone with bimodal rainfall in Cameroon were evaluated for their potential for sporting use in natural lawns. The method of the Study and Control Group for Varieties and Seeds was used to evaluate the sports lawn characteristics of the taxa. The resistance to trampling and pulling, the density of the lawn, and the aesthetic appearance, which are factors in calculating the sports index, were monitored at two sites, including the experimental space at the University of Yaounde 1 in the Center region and Kagnol 2 in the East region, from January 2017 to January 2020. The monthly lawn characteristic data allowed for the differentiation between the means and the determination of the sports index of the taxa compared to commercialized lawn varieties. The sports index of the evaluated taxa varied: Cynodon dactylon (6.989), Eleusine indica (6.338), Sporobolus natalensis (6.301), Cynodon cf Cynodon dactylon (6.257), Eragrostis tremula (5.939), Sporobolus pyramidalis (5.583), Agrostis rupestris (5.335), Axonopus compressus (4.991), and Digitaria sp. (4.544). These results show that these grass taxa have potential for sporting use in lawn mixtures at different levels of sports disciplines.

关键词： Sports Lawn Characteristics Sports Index Natural Sports Lawn Local Grass Taxa Resistance to Trampling and Pulling