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Psychometric evaluation of a Swedish version of Krantz Health Opinion Survey

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Open Journal of Nursing 2012年第3期2卷 181-187页

作者： Petra Svedberg Bodil Ivarsson Ulrica G Nilsson Asa Roxberg Amir Baigi David Brunt Margareta Brannstrom Bengt Fridlund Sylvi Persson Mikael Rask carin alm-roijer School of Social and Health Sciences Halmstad UniversityHalmstadSweden Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University Hospital of LundLundSweden Centre of Health Care Sciences Orebro University Hospital OrebroSweden University College of Haraldsplass BergenNorway School of Health and caring Sciences Linnaeus UniversityVaxjoSweden General Practice and Public Health Halland County CouncilFalkenbergSweden Department of Nursing Umea UniversityUmeaSweden School of Health Sciences Jonkoping UniversityJonkopingSweden The Faculty of Health and Society Malmo UniversityMalmoSweden

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of The Krantz Health Opinion Survey (KHOS). A convenience sample of 79 persons (47 men and 32 women) was recruited from The Heart and Lung Patients’ National Association at ten local meeting places in different areas in Sweden. The questionnaire was examined for face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The findings showed that the Swedish version of KHOS is acceptable in terms of face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability over time among 79 individuals >65 years of age and with a cardiac disease. In conclusion, wider evaluations of the psychometric use of KHOS for other populations and settings are recommended.

关键词： Heart Diseases Consumer Health Information Questionnaire Reliability Content Validity

Personalities in a crowd： What shapes the behaviour of Eurasian perch and other shoaling fishes？

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 35-44页

作者： carin MAGNHAGEN Department of Wildlife Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Lately, there has been an increasing interest in intraspeciflc variation in behaviour, and numerous studies on persona- lity have been performed in a variety of animals, including several fish species. Individuals have been divided into coping style categories or arranged along a behaviour gradient, such as the bold/shy continuum. However, many fish species live in groups, and the social environment can influence the behaviour of an animal in different ways. There may be conflicts within groups due to competition for resources, and dominance hierarchies are commonly found. On the other hand, there are many benefits of con- sensus decision-making within the group. Conformity of behaviour is probably adaptive, due to the benefit of public information on, for example, food resources and predation risk. Accordingly, studies of fish shoals have found evidence of consensus deci- sion-making. Furthermore, factors in the environment, such as predation risk would also influence the behaviour expressed. To be able to understand behaviour patterns in a group of fish, it is necessary to consider the variation of individual characteristics, and how the group, as well as other environmental factors, affects the behaviour of individuals. Here, I will review studies on different aspects of personality within a social context in fish, with a special emphasis on the Eurasian perch Percafluviatilis [Current Zo- ology 58 （1）： 35-44, 2012].

关键词： Percafluviatilis Boldness Group influence Behavioural syndromes Consensus Predation risk

Balancing past and present： how experience influences boldness over time in Eurasian perch

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 159-164页

作者： Gustav HELLSTROM carin MAGNHAGEN Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umea University SE-901 87 Umea Sweden Department of Wildlife Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 901 83 Umea Sweden.

Adapting to fluctuating predation conditions is a challenge for prey. By learning through experi- ence, animals may adjust their anti-predator behavior to better reflect current predation risk. Although many studies show experience of predation to alter prey behavior, little is known about how prey rely on such experience over time. By comparing boldness over different temporal scales between individuals of Eurasian perch, either experienced or naive of predators, we examine how risk is traded based on past and present experience. Differences in predator exposure during the first year of life were found to lead to differences in risk-taking behavior, even after the perch been kept in a predator-free environment for 9 months. However, the response to a potential predator was quickly readjusted after increased experience of current conditions. The results highlight how prey have to balance past experiences of predators against current threat levels.

关键词： behavior fish learning personality predation risk-taking.

Socially responsive research-based desisn in an architecture studio

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第2期7卷 211-234页

作者： carin Combrinck Department of Architecture University of Pretoria Pretoria Gauteng 2000 South Africa

Globally, the architectural profession faces complex challenges, bringing the transformation of the curriculum to the forefront of critical discourse. This article reflects on the Honors programme at the University of Pretoria Architecture Department during the first semester of 2016, where a research-based design approach has been established. In particular, the focus is on the informal settlement of Woodtane Village in Pretoria, situated on a contested site among private residential estates. From this study, it is argued that a research-based approach serves to prepare graduates for the complex decision-making and collaboration that is required for the development of socially responsive design.

关键词： Social responsiveness Research-baseddesign Curriculum transformation Collaboration Informat settlement upgrade

A Computational Study of Cavitation Model Validity Using a New Quantitative Criterion

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第6期29卷 193-195页

作者： Hagar alm El-Din ZHANG Yu-Sheng Medhat Elkelawy School of Energy&Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074

The predictive capability of two different numerical cavitation models accounting for the onset and development of cavitation inside real-sized diesel nozzle holes is assessed on the basis of the referenced experimental *** calculations performed indicate that for the same model assumptions,numerical implementation,discretization scheme,and turbulence grid resolution model,the predictions for differently applied physical cavitation submodels are phenomenologically distinct from each *** present a comparison by applying a new criterion for the quantitative comparison between the results obtained from both cavitation models.

关键词： cavitation Criterion turbulence

A convergence analysis for a class of practical variance-reduction stochastic gradient MCMC

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2019年第1期62卷 67-79页

作者： Changyou CHEN Wenlin WANG Yizhe ZHANG Qinliang SU Lawrence carin Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Microsoft Research School of Data and Computer Science Sun Yat-sen University

Stochastic gradient Markov chain Monte Carlo(SG-MCMC) has been developed as a flexible family of scalable Bayesian sampling algorithms. However, there has been little theoretical analysis of the impact of minibatch size to the algorithm’s convergence rate. In this paper, we prove that at the beginning of an SG-MCMC algorithm, i.e., under limited computational budget/time, a larger minibatch size leads to a faster decrease of the mean squared error bound. The reason for this is due to the prominent noise in small minibatches when calculating stochastic gradients, motivating the necessity of variance reduction in SG-MCMC for practical use. By borrowing ideas from stochastic optimization, we propose a simple and practical variance-reduction technique for SG-MCMC, that is efficient in both computation and *** importantly, we develop the theory to prove that our algorithm induces a faster convergence rate than standard SG-MCMC. A number of large-scale experiments, ranging from Bayesian learning of logistic regression to deep neural networks, validate the theory and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed variance-reduction SG-MCMC framework.

关键词： Markov chain Monte Carlo SG-MCMC variance reduction deep neural networks

Using behavioural economics to understand tax compliance

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Economic and Political Studies 2023年第3期11卷 279-294页

作者： James alm Matthias Kasper Department of Economics Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA Faculty of Psychology University of ViennaViennaAustria

‘Behavioural economics’,or the application of methods and evidence from other social sciences to economics,has increased greatly in significance and use in the last two *** this paper,we discuss the basic elements of behavioural *** then assess the applications of behavioural economics to the analysis of tax *** central conclusion is that many,perhaps most,of the recent insights on what motivates tax compliance have flowed directly from behavioural *** conclude with suggestions on–and predictions of–directions in which future applications should prove useful.

关键词： Behavioural economics tax compliance expected utility theory non-expected utility theory social interactions theory

Impact of Lignosulfonate on Solution Chemistry and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition in Soils

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Pedosphere 2014年第3期24卷 308-321页

作者： .R.almS A.K.AFANOU T.KROGSTAD Norwegian University of Life Science Department of Environmental Sciences P.O.Box 5003 N-1432s (Norway) National Institute of Occupational Health Department of Chemistry and Biology P.O.Box 8149 Dep N-0033 Oslo (Norway) Norwegian University of Life Science Department of Environmental Sciences P.O.Box 5003 N-1432 s (Norway)

An incubation experiment(Exp. 1) with three soils, two from Australia and one from Norway, was carried out to investigate the fate of dissolved BorreGro(a lignosulfonate, produced by Borregaard LignoTech Company, Norway) at different concentrations(0, 10 and 100 mg C L-1) in soil solutions. A rhizobox experiment(Exp. 2) was also done in a Norwegian clay soil, mixed with four levels of BorreGro-carbon(BG-C) added(0, 2, 20 and 200 mg BG-C kg-1) to test the impact of BorreGro on root growth, rhizosphere chemistry(pH, metals and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)) and the composition of phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs). The BorreGro addition increased the concentration of Mn due to the high concentrations in BorreGro. The BorreGro addition to soil had an indirect but significant impact on the rhizosphere chemistry and PLFAs. The lowest amounts of added BorreGro facilitated the DOC excretion at plant roots, and thereby increased the bacterial and fungal biomass, likely as an effect of increased Mn solubility from BorreGro in the root zone.

关键词： Ca dissolved organic carbon Mn rhizosphere chemistry WHAM/Model VI

An evolutionary algorithm approach for the constrained multi-depot vehicle routing problem

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2016年第1期9卷 2-22页

作者： carin Lightner-Laws Vikas Agrawal Constance Lightner Neal Wagner Clayton State University MorrowGeorgiaUSA Jacksonville University JacksonvilleFloridaUSA Fayetteville State University FayettevilleNorth CarolinaUSA MIT Lincoln Laboratory LexingtonMassachusettsUSA

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore a real world vehicle routing problem(VRP)that has multi-depot subcontractors with a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles that are available to pickup/deliver jobs with varying time windows and *** the overall job completion time and number of drivers utilized are analyzed for the automated job allocations and manual job assignments from transportation field ***/methodology/approach-A nested genetic algorithm(GA)is used to automate the job allocation process and minimize the overall time to deliver all jobs,while utilizing the fewest number of drivers-as a secondary ***-Three different real world data sets were used to compare the results of the GA vs transportation field experts’manual *** job assignments from the GA improved the overall job completion time in 100 percent(30/30)of the cases and maintained the same or fewer drivers as BS Logistics(BSL)in 47 percent(14/30)of the ***/value-This paperprovidesa novel approach to solving a real world VRPthathasmultiple *** there have been numerous models to capture a select number of these variants,the value of this nested GA lies in its ability to incorporate multiple depots,a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles as well as varying pickup times,pickup locations,delivery times and delivery locations for each job into a single *** research does not provide models to collectively address all of these variants.

关键词： Genetic algorithms Evolutionary computation Vehicle routing Multiple depot transportation Hard/soft time windows