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教老年老鼠学新把戏

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第2期 52-57页

作者： cara Giaimo Justin J.Wee(摄影) 杜然(译) 不详

在缅因州巴港的杰克逊实验室里,实验员每天都要仔细查看他们饲养的几组特殊的小鼠。这些小鼠都已存活了600余天,大致相当于人类的60岁;有些甚至远不止这个数。有几只可能需要帮助才能够到饮水器,但其中许多小鼠都是我们人类希望老去后... 详细信息

在缅因州巴港的杰克逊实验室里,实验员每天都要仔细查看他们饲养的几组特殊的小鼠。这些小鼠都已存活了600余天,大致相当于人类的60岁;有些甚至远不止这个数。有几只可能需要帮助才能够到饮水器,但其中许多小鼠都是我们人类希望老去后的样子,用该实验室的科学主任纳迪娅·罗森塔尔(Nadia Rosenthal)的话说。

关键词：罗森塔尔缅因州实验员杰克逊实验室饮水器小鼠

Integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiling of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma identifies molecular subtypes associated with distinct immune features and clinical outcomes

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第3期3卷 81-94页

作者： Sahil Seth Runzhe Chen Yang Liu Junya Fujimoto Lingzhi Hong Alexandre Reuben Susan Varghese Carmen Behrens Tina mcDowell Luisa Solis Soto cara Haymaker Annikka Weissferdt Neda Kalhor Jia Wu Xiuning Le Natalie I Vokes Chao Cheng John V.Heymach Don L.Gibbons P.Andrew Futreal Ignacio IWistuba Humam Kadara Jianhua Zhang Cesar moran Jianjun Zhang Department of Genomic medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA TRACTION The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson and the University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Translational molecular Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Epidemiology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA

Background:Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma(PSC)is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),characterized by the presence of epithelial and sarcoma-like *** molecular and immune landscape of PSC has not been well ***:multiomics profiling of 21 pairs of PSCs with matched normal lung tissues was performed through targeted high-depth DNA panel,whole-exome,and RNA *** describe molecular and immune features that define subgroups of PSC with disparate genomic and immunogenic features as well as distinct clinical ***:In total,27 canonical cancer gene mutations were identified,with TP53 the most frequently mutated gene,followed by ***,most TP53 and KRAS mutations were earlier genomic events mapped to the trunks of the tumors,suggesting branching evolution in most PSC *** identified two distinct molecular subtypes of PSC,driven primarily by immune infiltration and *** Immune High(Im-H)subtype was associated with superior survival,highlighting the impact of immune infiltration on the biological and clinical features of localized ***:We provided detailed insight into the mutational landscape of PSC and identified two molecular subtypes associated with ***-H tumors were associated with favorable recurrence-free survival and overall survival,highlighting the importance of tumor immune infiltration in the biological and clinical features of PSCs.

关键词： genomic immune pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma survival

Impact of maternal smoking on the infant gut microbiota and its association with child overweight: a scoping review

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第4期15卷 341-349页

作者： cara mcLean Shelly Jun Anita Kozyrskyj Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy11405-87 AvenueEdmontonAB T6G 1C9Canada School of Public Health University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada

Background Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern with evidence demonstrating that while infant exposure to maternal smoking is linked to low birth weight at birth,there is a rapid catch up in weight and increased risk of obesity in later *** scoping review aims to synthesize up-to-date evidence on the impact of maternal smoking on the infant gut microbiota and its association with child *** We conducted a PRISmA-compliant scoping *** population-based cohort studies published between 1900 and April 2018 were *** publications were retrieved from seven databases:Pubmed,medline,Embase,Scopus,Biosis,Cochrane library,and Web of Science Core *** A total of three prospective cohort studies were included which utilized high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the gut microbiota and included a total of 1277 infant/neonatal *** exposed to environmental smoke had a higher relative abundance of Ruminococcus and *** exposed to environmental smoke during pregnancy or postnatally were found to have increased gut bacterial richness,particularly Firmicutes at 3 months of age,while 6-month-old infants born to smoking mothers had an increased abundance of Bacteroides and *** Firmicutes richness at 3 months of age was associated with elevated odds of child overweight and obesity at 1 and 3 years of *** The limited evidence to date warrants further large scale,longitudinal studies to explore the impact of maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke on the infant gut microbiome and its relation to child overweight.

关键词： Environmental tobacco smoke Gut microbiota Infants maternal smoking Overweight

Córdoba乳腺断层融合筛查试验（CBTST）乳腺筛查间期癌：乳腺断层融合联合数字乳腺摄影与单纯数字乳腺断层成像的比较

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国际医学放射学杂志 2024年第5期 627-628页

作者： C.Pulido Carmona S.Romero martín J.L.Raya Povedano m.cara García P.Font Ugalde E.Elías Cabot 张昕怡

目的比较数字乳腺断层摄影（DBT）+数字乳腺摄影（Dm）与单纯Dm筛查女性的乳腺筛查间期癌发病率及其特征的差异。方法比较Córdoba乳腺断层融合筛查试验

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Diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11684-11699页

作者： cara Torruellas Samuel W French Valentina medici Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine University of California Davis Sacramento CA 95817 United States Department of Pathology UCLA/Harbor Medical Center Torrance CA 90502 United States

Alcohol is a hepatotoxin that is commonly consumed worldwide and is associated with a spectrum of liver injury including simple steatosis or fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is a general term used to refer to this spectrum of alcohol-related liver injuries. Excessive or harmful alcohol use is ranked as one of the top five risk factors for death and disability globally and results in 2.5 million deaths and 69.4 million annual disability adjusted life years. All patients who present with clinical features of hepatitis or chronic liver disease or who have elevated serum elevated transaminase levels should be screened for an alcohol use disorder. The diagnosis of ALD can generally be made based on history, clinical and laboratory findings. However, the diagnosis of ALD can be clinically challenging as there is no single diagnostic test that confirms the diagnosis and patients may not be forthcoming about their degree of alcohol consumption. In addition, clinical findings may be absent or minimal in early ALD characterized by hepatic steatosis. Typical laboratory findings in ALD include transaminase levels with aspartate aminotransferase greater than alanine aminotransferase as well as increased mean cor-puscular volume, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and IgA to IgG ratio. In unclear cases, the diagnosis can be supported by imaging and liver biopsy. The histological features of ALD can ultimately define the diagnosis according to the typical presence and distribution of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and mallory-Denk bodies. Because of the potential reversible nature of ALD with sobriety, regular screening of the general population and early diagnosis are essential.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Diagnosis Alcohol screening Histology mallory-Denk bodies Prognosis

Improving rice photosynthesis and yield through trehalose 6-phosphate signaling

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molecular Plant 2022年第4期15卷 586-588页

作者： matthew J.Paul Javier A.miret cara A.Griffiths Plant Science Rothamsted ResearchAL52JQ HarpendenHertfordshireUK

THE T6P-SnRK1 SIGNALING PATHWAY IN PLANTS,The biosynthetic route for the synthesis of trehalose in plants is through a low-flux pathway that leads to the accumulation of micromolar amounts of trehalose 6-phosphate(T6P)and trehalose when sucrose is available.T6P accumulates in proportion to sucrose(Lunn et al.,2006)as an indispensable regulator of carbohydrate utilization(Schluepmann et al.,2003).At least some of the indispensability of T6P and its profound and widespread effects on plant growth and development can be explained through T6P inhibition of the SNF1-related protein kinase SnRK1(Zhang et al.,2009),a central regulator of plant responses to carbon and energy status.

关键词： molar synthesis explained

Underlying solvent-based factors that influence permanent porosity in porous liquids

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 3533-3538页

作者： Hamidreza mahdavi Huacheng Zhang Lauren K.macreadie cara m.Doherty Durga Acharya Stefan J.DSmith Xavier mulet matthew R.Hill Department of Chemical Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia CSIRO manufacturing Private Bag 10Clayton SouthVIC 3169Australia School of Chemistry University of SydneySydney 2006Australia

Porous liquids(PLs)offer the potential to combine the ready handling and mature industry status of liquid absorbents,with the high permanent porosity of metal organic *** be functional,these nanocomposites need to satisfy a number of performance parameters,such as stability and viscosity of the porogen-solvent combination,avoiding solvent penetration into metal organic framework(mOF)pores,suitable capacities,and kinetics for gas *** this work,we systematically investigate the component materials to elucidate the parametric space where stable photoluminescence(PL)can be *** this situation,deeper conclusions were able to be drawn with regard to the influence of hydrophobicity/philicity on the properties of the resulting *** imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)were combined with a range of solvents varying in steric bulk,to deliver CO_(2)sorption capacities as high as 4.2 mmol·g^(-1)at 10 *** findings may have broader implications for future investigations of this tantalising field of nanocomposites.

关键词： zeolitic imidazolate frameworks porous liquids permanent porosity gas sorption

Porous solid inspired hyper-crosslinked polymer liquids with highly efficient regeneration for gas purification

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Science China materials 2022年第7期65卷 1937-1942页

作者： Stefan J.D.Smith Colin D.Wood Paul H.m.Feron Hamidreza mahdavi Roger J.mulder cara m.Doherty matthew R.Hill Xavier mulet CSIRO manufacturing Private Bag 10Clayton SouthVIC 3169Australia Department of Chemical Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia Australian Resources Research Centre KensingtonWA 6155Australia CSIRO Energy P.O.Box 330NewcastleNSW 2300Australia

Separation media that combine the desired material properties within a single material for a given process remain an ongoing challenge for the gas separations in *** integration of porous solid adsorbents is difficult due to their limited volumetric capacity,whereas issues of volatility and high regeneration temperatures exist for liquid amines and physical ***,we report a family of polymer liquids inspired by hyper-crosslinked polymers(HCPs),a class of highly swellable network *** with a chemically similar porous solid,the HCP-liquids demonstrate good volumetric capacity and improved selectivity of carbon dioxide over *** appears to be enhanced by intramolecular swelling of the HCP-liquids at elevated pressures,while guests are strongly rejected from the HCP-liquids at slightly elevated temperatures,leading to highly efficient *** of adsorption and specific heat capacity of the HCP-liquids are also low,further suggesting favourable process *** being easily prepared at scale,the presented HCP-liquids represent a promising step towards a material with the requisite properties to replace conventional scrubbing solvents to drastically reduce the footprint and energy needs of gas separations.

关键词： hyper-crosslinked polymers swellable network efficient regeneration porous liquids gas sorption

Organic electrode materials for fast-rate,high-power battery applications

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materials Reports(Energy) 2021年第1期1卷 4-25页

作者： cara N.Gannett Luis melecio-Zambrano monica Jo Theibault Brian m.Peterson Brett P.Fors Hector D.Abruna Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA

The development of new battery materials with fast charging/discharging capabilities is necessary to meet the growing demands of modern *** counter ion transport in inorganic materials(generally by de/intercalation)currently limits charge/discharge rates in lithium-ion batteries,the weak intermolecular forces in organic materials result in flexible,spacious structures that offer improved ion transport ***,we present the principles which enable fast rate capabilities in organic electrode materials,accompanied by specific literature examples illustrating exceptional rate *** discuss approaches to material design which support electron and/or ion transport and the limitations associated with each *** review aims to highlight the unique characteristics of organic materials as high-power density electrodes and inspire continued work in the field.

关键词： Energy storage Batteries Organic materials High-power Electrochemistry