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Improving rice photosynthesis and yield through trehalose 6-phosphate signaling

Molecular Plant 2022年第4期15卷 586-588页

作者： Matthew J.Paul Javier A.Miret cara a.griffiths Plant Science Rothamsted ResearchAL52JQ HarpendenHertfordshireUK

THE T6P-SnRK1 SIGNALING PATHWAY IN PLANTS,The biosynthetic route for the synthesis of trehalose in plants is through a low-flux pathway that leads to the accumulation of micromolar amounts of trehalose 6-phosphate(T6P)and trehalose when sucrose is available.T6P accumulates in proportion to sucrose(Lunn et al.,2006)as an indispensable regulator of carbohydrate utilization(Schluepmann et al.,2003).At least some of the indispensability of T6P and its profound and widespread effects on plant growth and development can be explained through T6P inhibition of the SNF1-related protein kinase SnRK1(Zhang et al.,2009),a central regulator of plant responses to carbon and energy status.

关键词： molar synthesis explained

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Alpha-Stim Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) for Anxiety Treatment: Outcomes in a United Kingdom (UK) Primary Care Practice

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第3期11卷 186-201页

作者： Chris griffiths Chloe Leathlean David Smart Azhar Zafar cara-Leigh Hall Sarah Deeks Innovation and Research Department Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (NHFT) Northampton UK General Practice Alliance (GPA) Northampton UK

Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders, typically treated with psychotherapy and medication. These treatments are not suitable for, acceptable to, or effective for everyone. Alpha-Stim AID is a Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) treatment with evidence of effectiveness in treating anxiety disorders. Objective: The aim of this paper is to present outcomes on anxiety, depression, and quality of life of Alpha-Stim use in primary care patients in the United Kingdom’s (UK) National Health Service (NHS) who reported symptoms of anxiety. Methods: Open label patient cohort design. Self-report measures: PHQ-9 (depression), GAD-7 (anxiety) and EQ-5D-5L (health related quality of life). Twenty-three patients with symptoms of anxiety completed a six-week course of Alpha-Stim intervention. Results: Reliable improvement and remission rates respectively were 60.9% and 17.4% for the GAD-7;42.9% and 22.7% for the PHQ-9. Significant improvement and medium/large effect sizes (n2 = 0.59 and 0.56 respectively). EQ-5D-5L results showed significant improvements in quality of life. Perceived quality of life doubled with an improvement of 0.36 on the health index score, this intervention adds 3.64 Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Limitations: The study was not an RCT, there was no control group. Conclusions: Alpha-Stim AID CES can be delivered through a UK primary care practice, and can have a significant impact on symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improve quality of life in primary care patients with anxiety symptoms. Further feasibility studies in primary care and sufficiently powered RCT are required.

关键词： Alpha-Stim Primary Care Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation Service Delivery Anxiety Depression Quality of Life Social Prescription Co-Morbidity GAD

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