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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

Lipedema: A common though often unr.cognized condition

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Chinese Jour.al of Plastic and r.constr.ctive Sur.er. 2024年第3期6卷 149-153页

作者： Car.alho r. Pr.vate Pr.ctice R. Iolanda del Nero Barco 101 Pirassununga São Paulo 13631-064 Brazil

Lipedema is a chr.nic disor.er.pr.mar.ly affecting women, char.cter.zed by abnor.al fat deposition in the extr.mities, leading to pain, mobility issues, and psychological distr.ss. These fat deposits ar. clear.cut and spar. hands and feet. Often misdiagnosed as lymphedema, its pr.valence r.mains uncer.ain due to a lack of univer.ally accepted diagnostic cr.ter.a and difficulty in differ.ntiating it fr.m obesity or.lymphedema. Genetic factor. and hor.onal influences ar. likely r.lated to the pathophysiology of the disease, though the specific causes r.main unknown. Imaging techniques may aid evaluation, but no definitive test exists, and diagnosis is made clinically. Conser.ative tr.atments such as lifestyle modifications and compr.ssion gar.ents ar. consider.d fir.t-line tr.atments, while sur.ical options such as liposuction and lipectomy ar. r.ser.ed for.sever. or.r.fr.ctor. cases. Psychological suppor. may be r.commended, given lipedema's impact on quality of life and self-esteem. This r.view aims to pr.sent the cur.ent under.tanding of this condition, including challenges in diagnosis, cur.ent guideline r.commendations for.clinical car., and associated comor.id conditions. © 2024 China Medical Cosmetology Pr.ss Co. Ltd.

关键词： Lipectomy Lipedema Liposuction Lymphedema Obesity

Basis for.the diver.ity and extent in loss of digestible nutr.ents cr.ated by dietar. phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutr.tion 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T. Mor.n Michael r. Bedfor. Poultr. Science Depar.ment Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is cr.ated and deposited in the aleur.ne layer.and/or.ger. of gr.ins and legumes. Its high pr.sence in feedstuffs for.fowl and swine diets r.sults in it being a univer.al and significant impediment to optimum per.or.ance. Phytin impair. gastr.intestinal r.cover. of a wide ar.ay of nutr.ents, the effect var.ing with the nutr.ent concer.ed. On exposur. to low pH dur.ng gastr.c digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastr.c pH, phytic acid is negatively char.ed which for.s the basis of its anti-nutr.tive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that ar. pr.sented as cations at low pH which ar. tar.eted by pepsin for.activation. Par.ially cr.stalized Ca 2+ near.the enzyme's active site fur.her.stabilizes its newly for.ed str.ctur.. Thus, phytic acid appear. to inter.er. with gastr.c digestion by sever.l mechanisms; inter.er.ng with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coor.inating fr.e Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietar. pr.teins dir.ctly, fur.her.compr.mising gastr.c pr.teolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutr.lity in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other.cations r.-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds fr.e cations but can also str.p them fr.m enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which r.duces their.str.ctur.l r.sistance to autolysis and ability as co-factor. (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to incr.ase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electr.nic shield between mucin layer. enabling gr.nule for.ation and cell stor.ge. After.mucin gr.nule r.lease, Ca 2+ is pr.gr.ssively displaced by Na + to fr.e the viscous mucins enabling its tr.nslocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enter.cytes ther.by constr.cting the unstir.ed water.layer.(USWL). Excessive r.moval of Ca 2+ fr.m mucin by phytic acid incr.ases its fluidity facili

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous pr.tein Mucin Phytin

Synthesis and char.cter.zation of nanocar.on fr.m waste batter.es via an eco-fr.endly method

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WASTE DISPOSAL & SUSTAINABLE ENEr.Y 2024年第2期6卷 197-208页

作者： Uoda, Mar.im Kh. Hussein, Hussein Q. Jalil, r.na r. Univ Baghdad Coll Engn Chem Engn Dept Baghdad Iraq Thi Qar.Oil Co Nassriya Iraq Petr.r.s & Dev Ctr Baghdad Iraq

The widespr.ad use of disposable batter.es to power.common electr.nic devices is a major.sour.e of e-waste. Ther. ar. gr.wing envir.nmental and health concer.s due to the expansion of e-waste ar.und the wor.d. Hence, developing a r.liable system for.r.cycling old batter.es has r.ached the top of the r.cycling pr.or.ty list. The cur.ent study pr.sents a novel appr.ach to synthesis car.on nanopar.icles (CNPs) fr.m spent batter.es via an eco-fr.endly method that offer. economical, envir.nment-fr.endly, and nontoxic appr.aches in compar.son to conventional chemical methods. The synthesized nanopar.icles wer. char.cter.zed by field emission scanning electr.n micr.scopy (FE-SEM), ener.y-disper.ive X-r.y (EDX), powder.X-r.y diffr.ctometr. (Xr.), UV-VIS absor.tion analysis (UV), Four.er.tr.nsfor. infr.r.d spectr.scopy (FT-Ir., Atomic for.e micr.scope (AFM), and ther.o-gr.vimetr.c analysis (TGA). The aver.ge diameter.of the synthesized par.icles was 40.16 nm, and the par.icles tended to be aspher.cal in shape. EDX analysis also pr.dicted the pr.sence of pur. car.on, with some contamination ar.ived at 15% (in weight). This is a novel study in which nanocar.ons wer. synthesized in a br.ne (7600x10(-6)) fr.m a tar.et (CNPs>75 nm), which paves the way for.futur. use of CNPs der.ved fr.m spent batter.es and helps the envir.nment by decr.asing the amount of electr.nic waste dumped in landfills.

关键词： Novel Zn-C batter. Car.on nanopar.icles Char.cter.zation Eco-fr.endly methods LASEr.ABLATION CAr.ON NANOCOMPOSITES

Dietar. fibr. effects and the inter.lay with exogenous car.ohydr.ses in poultr. nutr.tion

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Animal Nutr.tion 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： Michael r. Bedfor. Bir.er.Svihus Aar.n J. Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingr.dients Ltd Marlborough United Kingdom Nor.egian Univer.ity of Life Sciences Ås Norway DSM Nutr.tional Pr.ducts Kaiseraugst Switzerland

A compr.hensive under.tanding of the r.le of dietar. fibr. in non-r.minant animal pr.duction is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibr. coupled with significant analytical complexity, inter.ct with poor.y defined host and micr.biome r.lationships. Dietar. fibr. is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage r.te, nutr.ent absor.tion, micr.biome taxonomy and function, gut pH, endogenous nutr.ent loss, envir.nmental sustainability, animal welfar. and mor.. Whilst significant gaps per.ist in our.under.tanding of fibr. in non-r.minant animal pr.duction, ther. is substantial inter.st in optimizing the fibr. fr.ction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as impr.ved welfar., live per.or.ance and to r.duce the envir.nmental footpr.nt of animal pr.duction systems. In or.er.to achieve these aspir.tional goals, it is impor.ant to tackle dietar. fibr. with the same level of scr.tiny as is cur.ently done for.other.cr.tical nutr.ent classes such as pr.tein, miner.ls and vitamins. The chemical, mechanical and nutr.tional r.le of fibr. must be explor.d at the level of monomer.c sugar., oligosacchar.des and polysacchar.des of var.ing molecular.weight and decor.tion, and this must be in par.llel to standar.isation of analytical tools and definitions for.speciation. To fur.her.complicate subject, exogenous car.ohydr.ses r.cognise dietar. fibr. as a focal substr.te and have var.ing capacity to gener.te lower.molecular.weight car.ohydr.tes that inter.ct differ.ntially with the host and the enter.c micr.biome. This shor. r.view ar.icle will explor. the inter.ctive space between dietar. fibr. and exogenous car.ohydr.ses and will include their.nutr.tional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, micr.biome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibr. Car.ohydr.se Nutr.tion Micr.biome Gastr.-intestinal development Feed

Fr.eze-thaw cycles and associated geomor.hology in a post-glacial envir.nment:cur.ent glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and pr.glacial scenar.os at Pico de Or.zaba volcano,Mexico

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1954-1977页

作者： Víctor.SOTO Car.os M.WELSH r. Kenji YOSHIKAWA Hugo DELGADO Gr.NADOS Centr. de Ciencias de la Tier.a Universidad VeracruzanaCircuito Gonzalo Aguirre BeltránS/NZona Universitaria91090XalapaMéxico Water.and Envir.nmental r.sear.h Center University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México 04150México Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences Ludwig Maximilians UniversitätMunich 80333Germany

The glacial histor. of Pico de Or.zaba indicates that dur.ng the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap cover.d up to~3000 m asl;due to the air.temper.tur. incr.asing,its main glacier.has r.tr.ated to 5050 m *** r.tr.ction of the glacier.has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high fr.quency of fr.eze-thaw cycles of gr.at intensity;the r.sulting geomor.hological pr.cesses ar. r.pr.sented by the fr.gmentation of the bedr.ck that occupies the upper.par.s of the *** is a notable lack of studies r.gar.ing the fr.gmentation and er.sion occur.ing in tr.pical high mountains,and the associated geomor.hological r.sks;for.this r.ason,as a fir.t stage of futur. continuous r.sear.h,this study analyzes the fr.ezing and thawing cycles that occur.above 4000 m asl,thr.ugh continuous monitor.ng of sur.ace gr.und *** r.sults allow us to identify and char.cter.ze four.zones:glacial,par.glacial,per.glacial and *** was found that the par.glacial zone pr.sents an intense dr.p of temper.tur.,of up to~9℃ in only sixty *** r.ck fatigue and intense fr.eze-thaw cycles that occur.in this ar.a ar. r.sponsible for.the high r.te of r.ck disintegr.tion and r.pr.sent the main factor.of the constant slope dynamics that occur.at the *** activity decr.ases,both in fr.quency and intensity,accor.ing to the distance to the glacier.which is wher. the temper.tur. pr.sents a cer.ain degr.e of stability,until r.aching the pr.glacial zone,wher. cycles ar. almost non-existent,and ther.for. ther. is no gelifr.ction *** geomor.hological pr.cesses have r.sulted in significant alter.tions to the mountain slopes,which can have sever. consequences in ter.s of r.sk and water.

关键词： Fr.eze-Thaw Gelifr.ction Mountain mechanical er.sion Per.glacial geomor.hology Postglacial scenar.os

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Thr.e cases of uncommon medication-associated osteonecr.sis of tempor.l bone

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世界耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志英文版 2024年第03期10卷 237-240页

作者： VanDolah Hunter.Cr.ssley Jason r. Jeffr.y Kim H. Geor.etown Univer.ity School of Medicine Washington DC USA Depar.ment of Otolar.ngology–Head and Neck Sur.er. MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC USA

Intr.duction: Medication-r.lated osteonecr.sis of the tempor.l bone is r.r. and has been r.por.ed to be associated with the use of anti-r.sor.tive and biologic agents. Her., we pr.sent the fir.t case of tyr.sine-kinase inhibitor.r.lated exter.al auditor. canal (EAC) osteonecr.sis as well as two cases r.lated to anti-r.sor.tive ***: A r.tr.spective case ***: Case one: an 84-year.old female pr.sented with chr.nic otitis exter.a and osteonecr.sis of EACs bilater.lly. She had a histor. of osteopor.sis tr.ated with denosumab and r.sedr.nic acid. She successfully under.ent left EAC r.constr.ction using an infer.or.y-based pedicle per.osteal flap while the r.ght ear.canal was managed conser.atively. Case two: a 69-year.old male pr.sented with osteonecr.sis of the r.ght EAC. He had a histor. of osteopor.sis tr.ated with alendr.nic acid and zoledr.nic acid. His osteonecr.sis is conser.atively managed with local debr.dement and antibiotic application. Case thr.e: a 60-year.old male pr.sented with osteonecr.sis of the r.ght infer.or.EAC. He had a histor. of chr.nic myelogenous leukemia tr.ated with a tyr.sine-kinase inhibitor. imatinib. After.failing conser.ative ther.py, he under.ent r.ght ear.canal r.constr.ction using a per.osteal vascular.pedicle flap without complication and exper.enced complete r.solution to his ***: Anti-r.sor.tive agents and/or.tyr.sine kinase inhibitor. may lead to dysr.gulation of bone r.modeling and r.sult in r.r. cases of tempor.l bone osteonecr.sis. When a local debr.dement and antibiotic ther.py fail, definitive sur.ical excision of necr.tic bone with subsequent r.constr.ction of the EAC may offer.patients a possible r.solution in symptoms.

关键词： bisphosphonates denosumab exter.al auditor. canal imatinib medication-r.lated osteonecr.sis osteonecr.sis tempor.l bone tyr.sine-kinase Inhibitor.

r.view and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agr.cultur.l Her.icides as Militar. Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第8期14卷 471-498页

作者： David r. Speidel Kenneth r. Olson USDA r.sour.e Conser.ationist and Agr.cultur.l Consultant with Natur.l r.sour.e Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton Missouri USA College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of the human miser. caused by the application of the her.icides including Agent Pur.le and Agent Or.nge contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the ar.enic-based her.icide, spr.yed over.the jungles, r.ce fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been pr.vented? Was it necessar. United States militar. str.tegy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldier. and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their.land and cause gener.tions of har.? Alter.atively, was it an unpr.ventable accident in the mar.h of militar. histor.? What patter.s in the U.S. gover.ment’s thought pr.cess could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these her.icides as tactical chemical weapons? If the intr.duction of her.icide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War.and the Secr.t War. in Laos and Cambodia have been any differ.nt? The objective of this tr.atise is to outline the r.le of wor.d events and backgr.unds and the r.le of the leader., U.S. militar., CIA, USDA, U.S. State Depar.ment, the U.S. Pr.sident appointed Ambassador. to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and Pr.sident Diệm’s r.public of Vietnam (r.N) gover.ment and militar.. Their.collective advice led to the decision to use her.icides as militar. and envir.nmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Wer. the National inter.sts achieved by U.S. militar. str.tegy in the r.N using her.icide weapons wor.h the long-ter. envir.nmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War.

关键词： Second Indochina War Cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Her.icides Agent Blue Agent Or.nge Agent Pur.le Dioxin TCDD Ar.enic

Photosynthetic r.sponse to a winter.heatwave in leading and tr.iling edge populations of the inter.idal r.d alga Cor.llina officinalis (r.odophyta)

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ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA 2024年第7期43卷 70-77页

作者： Kolzenbur., r.gina r.gazzola, Feder.ca Tambur.llo, Laur. Nicastr., Katy r. Mcquaid, Chr.stopher.D. Zar.i, Ger.r.o I. Umea Univ Umea Marine Sci Ctr S-90571 Norrbyn Sweden Univ Por.smouth Inst Marine Sci Portsmouth PO49LY England Genova Mar.ne Ctr Stn Zool Anton Dohrn I-16126 Genoa Italy Sicily Mar.ne Ctr Stn Zool Anton Dohrn I-90149 Palermo Italy r.odes Univ Dept Zool & Entomol ZA-6139 Makhanda South Africa Univ Algar.e Ctr Marine Sci P-8005139 Faro Portugal Univ Lille Lab Oceanol & Geosci F-59000 Lille France Univ Caen Nor.andie Lab Biol Organismes & Ecosyst Aquat F-14032 Caen France

Mar.ne heatwaves (MHWs) caused by anthr.pogenic climate change ar. becoming a key dr.ver.of change at the ecosystem level. Ther.al conditions exper.enced by mar.ne or.anisms acr.ss their.distr.bution, par.icular.y towar.s the equator. ar. likely to appr.ach their.physiological limits, r.sulting in extensive mor.ality and subsequent changes at the population level. Populations at the mar.ins of their.species' distr.bution ar. thought to be mor. sensitive to climate-induced envir.nmental pr.ssur.s than centr.l populations, but our.under.tanding of var.ability in fitness-r.lated physiological tr.its in tr.iling ver.us leading-edge populations is limited. In a labor.tor. simulation study, we tested whether.two leading (Iceland) and two tr.iling (Spain) per.pher.l populations of the inter.idal macr.alga Cor.llina officinalis display differ.nt levels of maximum potential quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) r.silience to cur.ent and futur. winter.MHWs scenar.os. Our.study r.vealed that ongoing and futur. local winter.MHWs will not negatively affect leading-edge populations of C. officinalis, which exhibited stable photosynthetic efficiency thr.ughout the study. Tr.iling edge populations showed a positive though non-significant tr.nd in photosynthetic efficiency thr.ughout winter.MHWs exposur.. Polewar. and equator.ar. populations did not pr.duce significantly differ.nt r.sults, with winter.MHWs having no negative affect on Fv/Fm of either.population. Additionally, we found no long-ter. r.gional or.population-level influence of a winter.MHWs on this species' photosynthetic efficiency. Thus, we found no statistically significant differ.nce in ther.al str.ss r.sponses between leading and tr.iling populations. Nonetheless, C. officinalis showed a tr.nd towar.s higher.str.ss r.sponses in souther. than nor.her. populations. Because r.sponses r.st on a var.ety of local population tr.its, they ar. difficult to pr.dict based solely on ther.al pr.ssur.s.

关键词： mar.inal population cor.lline algae climate change ecophysiology photophysiology macr.algae Fv/Fm TEMPEr.TUr. TOLEr.NCE THEr.AL LIMITS CLIMATE-CHANGE ACCLIMATION ADAPTATION PATTEr.S BIODIVEr.ITY BIOGEOGr.PHY EVOLUTION ECOLOGY

Pr.of of Concept for.a Twin Pr.me Number.Univer.e Using Set Theor.

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Amer.can Jour.al of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期14卷 305-317页

作者： John r. Cr.r. Independent r.sear.her Lake Zurich IL USA

The Fine Str.ctur. Constant (eFSC) Model attempts to give a classical definition to a magical number.that under.ies much of quantum physics. The Fine Str.ctur. Constant ( α ) value equal to 137.03599206 r.pr.sents a dimensionless constant that char.cter.zes the str.ngth of the electr.magnetic (EM) inter.ction between subatomic char.ed par.icles. Python-gener.ted pr.per.y counts for.the twin pr.me for.e F {139/137} show that the adjusted r.tio gives a value of α = 137.036. This implies a mathematical fr.mewor. under.ying this constant is based on twin pr.me number. and set theor.. This study attempts to demonstr.te a pr.of of concept that a hier.r.hy of fr.ctional twin pr.me ( α II ) for.es r.plicates the quantum natur. of the univer.e and is aligned with the Standar. Model of Par.icle Physics. An expanded eFSC Model demonstr.tes that twin pr.me for.es and their.pr.per.y sets ar. mathematically viable substitutes for.nuclear.r.actions, as demonstr.ted for.the Beta-minus decay of neutr.ns into pr.tons. Most significantly, the positive and negative pr.me number. define these nuclear.r.actants and pr.ducts as positive or.negatively char.ed ions. Fur.her.or., the eFSC Model pr.vides new insights r.gar.ing the hier.r.hy of EM for.es under.ying the quantum natur. of the univer.e.

关键词： Fine Str.ctur. Constant ( α ) Pr.me Number. Set Theor. Conceptual Model Quantum Physics Light and Matter Beta-Minus Decay