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STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai J.J.cao Q.H.cao X.cao z.cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.Y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen L.L.Chen P.Chen S.L.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen H.Y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai L.Y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.z.Ding L.Y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du Y.J.Du z.G.Du L.M.Duan D.Epifanov Y.L.Fan S.S.Fang z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng Y.T.Feng J.L.Fu J.Gao Y.N.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng L.S.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.L.Gu A.Guevara L.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo Y.P.Guo z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.L.Han L.Han M.Han X.Q.Hao J.B.He S.Q.He X.G.He Y.L.He z.B.He z.X.Heng B.L.Hou T.J.Hou Y.R.Hou C.Y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu Y.C.Hu J.Hua G.S.Huang J.S.Huang M.Huang Q.Y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.T.Huang X.J.Huang Y.B.Huang Y.S.Huang N.Hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.z.Jiang J.B.Jiao z.Jiao H.J.Jing X.L.Kang X.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin Y.Lei E.Levichev C.H.Li C.Li D.Y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li H.B.Li H.Li H.N.Li H.J.Li H.L.Li J.M.Li J.Li L.Li L.Li L.Y.Li N.Li P.R.Li R.H.Li S.Li T.Li W.J.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.Q.Li X.H.Li Y.Li Y.Y.Li z.J.Li H.Liang J.H.Liang Y.T.Liang G.R.Liao L.z.Liao Y.Liao C.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.S.Lin B.J.Liu C.W.Liu D.Liu F.Liu G.M.Liu H.B.Liu J.Liu J.J.Liu J.B.Liu K.Liu K.Y.Liu K.Liu L.Liu Q.Liu S.B.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.W.Liu Y.Liu Y.L.Liu z.Q.Liu z.Y.Liu z.W.Liu I.Logashenko Y.Long C.G.Lu J.X.Lu N.Lu Q.F.Lü Y.Lu Y.Lu z.Lu P.Lukin F.J.Luo T.Luo X.F.Luo Y.H.Luo H.J.Lyu X.R.Lyu J.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde D.Matvienko z.X.Meng R.Mitchell A.Nefediev Y.Nefedov S.L.Olsen Q.Ouyang P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei H.P.Peng L.Peng X.Y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin L.Q.Qin X.S.Qin T.L.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.Y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher School of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin University Changch

The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity STCF detector conceptual design

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SURFACE COMPOSITE GEAR AND PIPE MADE BY SEPARATED EUTECTIC TECHNOLOGY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2000年第3期13卷 883-887页

作者： cao, z.Q. Piao, L.Y. zhang, X.G. Li, z. Jin, J.z. Dalian Univ of Technology Dalian China

It is found that the anomalous eutectics can be separated on macroscopic scale by flow caused by electromagnetic stirring, and the separated phase is the leading faceted phase with the solution entropy over 23 J/(mol·K). By using this technology, a new kind of composite pipe and gear with good abrasive properties were made without adding any reinforced particles. Emphases were paid on the researches about formation mechanism of separated eutectic and abrasive property of the composite pipe or gear. The result shows that the entropy of solution controlling the eutectic microstructure is also valid and useful as a criterion of separated eutectic, and the kind and its chemical scope of the off-eutectic used to make composite can be calculated according to this theory.

关键词： Binary alloys Eutectics Gears Microstructure Pipe Rotational flow Separators Solidification

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MARTENSITE AND REVERSE TRANSFORMATION IN PRE-STRAINED TiNi SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY THIN FILM

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第3期16卷 221-225页

作者： X.P.Liu M.z.cao R.Yang Institute of Metal Research The Chinese Academy of Sicences Shenyang 110016 ChinaInstitute of Metal Research The Chinese Academy of Sicences Shenyang 110016 ChinaInstitute of Metal Research The Chinese Academy of Sicences Shenyang 110016 China

The effect of pre-strain on phase transformation of TiNi shape memory alloy film was studied by differential scanning calorimeter measurement (DSC). Compared with un-defarmed TiNi film, the reverse transformation of pre-strained specimens was elevated to a higher temperature on the first heating, but martensite and reverse transformation on subsequent thermal cycles occurred at a lower temperature. The evolution of transformation behavior in pre-strained TiNi film was related to the change of elastic strain energy, irreversible energy and internal stress field.

关键词： shape memory alloy TiNi film pre-strain phase transformation

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TRANSFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF Ti_(50-x/2)Ni_(50-x/2)Cu_x ALLOYS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2006年第6期19卷 391-396页

作者： J. Wang W. Jin M.z. cao R. Yang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Phase transformation behavior of Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux (x=2, 5, 15) alloys was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that Ti50-x/2Ni50-x/2Cux alloys undergo a two-stage martensitic transformation on cooling and transform reversely in one stage on heating when treated at 823K for 5 hours. Heat treatment has no effect on the transformation behavior of Ti49Ni49Cu2 alloy but does influence that of Ti47.5Ni47.5Cu5 alloy and Ti42.5Ni42.5Cu15 alloy. Effect of heat treatment is related with precipitation of CuNiTi phase. The maximum recoverable elongation of Ti49Ni49Cu2 wire is about 6%.

关键词： microstructure transformation shape memory Ti-Ni-Cu

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Complex networks theory for analyzing metabolic networks

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第13期51卷 1529-1537页

作者： zHAO Jing YU Hong LUO Jianhua cao z. W. LI Yixue Department of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Shanghai Center for Bioinformation and Technology Shanghai 200235 China Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy ofSciences Shanghai 200031 China Department of mathematics Logistical Engineering UniversityChongqing 400016 China

One of the main tasks of post-genomic informatics is to systematically investigate all mole- cules and their interactions within a living cell so as to understand how these molecules and the interactions between them relate to the function of the organism, while networks are appropriate abstract description of all kinds of interactions. In the past few years, great achievement has been made in developing theory of complex networks for revealing the organizing prin- ciples that govern the formation and evolution of various complex biological, technological and social networks. This paper reviews the accomplishments in constructing genome-based metabolic networks and describes how the theory of complex networks is applied to analyze metabolic networks.

关键词：生物信息学系统生物学代谢网络网络拓扑网络负载

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EFFECT OF ROSIGLITAzONE AND METFORMIN ON CLOMIPHENE CITRATE RESISTANCE IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2005年第1期17卷 62-65,71页

作者： zheng J. cao z. zong L. Research Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 China

Objective: To evaluate the impacts of rosiglitazone and metformin on ovarian response, hirsutism and insulin action in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Ninety women resistant to clomiphene citrate with PCOS were randomized, 40 cases to rosiglitazone group, 50 cases to meformin group. Rosiglitazone and metformon were administered for 6 months in combination with clomiphene citrate on cycle day 5th to 9th, respectively. The clinical evaluations were performed monthly. Reproductive hormone, serum glucose and insulin levels were observed before and after treatment. The data were analyzed using repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: There were significant changes in reducing hirsutism score, serum testosterone level, LH/FSH ratio, and restoration of ovarian ovulation after metformin or rosiglitazone administration respectively (Pzone group than in metformin group (Pzone group. The body mass index(BMI) was decreased from 25.30±3.64 to 23.83±2.32 in the metformon group (P0.05). Conclusion: Rosiglitazone can increase insulin sensitivity. Metformon may reduce BMI. They all restore regular menstrual cycles, increase pregnancy rate, and reduce testosterone and LH concentration in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

关键词： Metformin Polycystic ovary syndrome Rosiglitazone

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由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LHAASO Collaboration zhen cao Chuandong Gao Cong Li Ruo-Yu Liu Ruizhi Yang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble *** sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the *** the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 *** general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

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Expected energy spectrum of cosmic ray protons and helium below4 PeV measured by LHAASO

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Chinese Physics C 2019年第7期43卷 86-96页

作者： L.Q.Yin S.S.zhang z.cao B.Y.Bi C.Wang J.L.Liu L.L.Ma M.J.Yang Y.zhang z.Y.You z.z.zong Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Science Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Eberhard Karls Universit?t Kunming University Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay IN2P3-CNRS Université Paris-Sud China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. Ltd.

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO) is a composite cosmic ray observatory consisting of three detector arrays: kilometer square array(KM2 A), which includes the electromagnetic detector array and muon detector array, water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA) and wide field-of-view Cherenkov telescope array(WFCTA). One of the main scientific objectives of LHAASO is to precisely measure the cosmic rays energy spectrum of individual components from 10^14 eV to 10^18 eV. The hybrid observation will be employed by the LHAASO experiment, in which the lateral and longitudinal distributions of extensive air shower can be observed simultaneously. Thus, many kinds of parameters can be used for primary nuclei identification. In this paper, high purity cosmic ray simulation samples of the light nuclei component are obtained using multi-variable analysis. The apertures of 1/4 LHAASO array for pure proton and mixed proton and helium(H&He) samples are 900 m^2 Sr and1800 m^2 Sr, respectively. Prospect of obtaining proton and H&He spectra from 100 TeV to 4 PeV is discussed.

关键词： LHAASO hybrid measurement energy spectrum composition TMVA

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Dynamic Monitoring of Plant Cover and Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing, Mathematical Modeling, Computer Simulation and GIS Techniques

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 1466-1493页

作者： z. Y. zeng J. z. cao z. J. Gu z. L. zhang W. zheng Y. Q. cao H. Y. Peng College of Geographical Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Dandong Bureau of Environment Protection Dandong China Dandong Center for Oases Research Dandong China Nanjing Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China. National Satellite Meteorological Center Meteorological Administration Beijing China School of Architecture and Urban Planning Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China School of Bio-Chemical and Environmental Engineering Nanjing Xiaozhuang University Nanjing China

Dynamic monitoring of plant cover and soil erosion often uses remote sensing data, especially for estimating the plant cover rate (vegetation coverage) by vegetation index. However, the latter is influenced by atmospheric effects and methods for correcting them are still imperfect and disputed. This research supposed and practiced an indirect, fast, and operational method to conduct atmospheric correction of images for getting comparable vegetation index values in different times. It tries to find a variable free from atmospheric effects, e.g., the mean vegetation coverage value of the whole study area, as a basis to reduce atmospheric correction parameters by establishing mathematical models and conducting simulation calculations. Using these parameters, the images can be atmospherically corrected. And then, the vegetation index and corresponding vegetation coverage values for all pixels, the vegetation coverage maps and coverage grade maps for different years were calculated, i.e., the plant cover monitoring was realized. Using the vegetation coverage grade maps and the ground slope grade map from a DEM to generate soil erosion grade maps for different years, the soil erosion monitoring was also realized. The results show that in the study area the vegetation coverage was the lowest in 1976, much better in 1989, but a bit worse again in 2001. Towards the soil erosion, it had been mitigated continuously from 1976 to 1989 and then to 2001. It is interesting that a little decrease of vegetation coverage from 1989 to 2001 did not lead to increase of soil erosion. The reason is that the decrease of vegetation coverage was chiefly caused by urbanization and thus mainly occurred in very gentle terrains, where soil erosion was naturally slight. The results clearly indicate the details of plant cover and soil erosion change in 25 years and also offer a scientific foundation for plant and soil conservation.

关键词： Atmospheric Correction Field Measurement Modeling Regression Simulation Soil Erosion Vegetation Coverage Vegetation Index

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Clinical valuation of serum tumor supplied group of factors in diagnosis of canine cancer

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畜牧与兽医 2012年第S2期44卷 73-76页

作者： cao z Li Y Asaki T Akiyoshi H Aoki M Kuamura M Yamate J Ohashi F Sina K Ito T Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture University Japan Pet-life Company Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University

This study is to evaluate the clinical value of serum tumor supplied group of factors (TSGF) in diagnosis of canine cancer. 145 dogs with malignant tumors,32 benign diseases,34 dogs with non-tumor diseases,and 6 healthy dogs. Biochemical colorimetric assay were used to detect the serum TSGF level. Blood samples were collected at the time of initial diagnostic evaluation,before each chemotherapy session,and at follow-up visits. The serum TSGF level in dogs with malignant tumors,benign diseases,non-tumor diseases and healthy dog were 67. 3 ± 22. 1 U/mL,57. 3 ± 7. 58 U/mL,60. 2 ± 14. 2 U/mL and 54. 6 ± 3. 21 U/mL,the first group was statistically significant higher than the latter (P < 0. 05). 56. 6% malignant patients exceeded the upper limit of the normal reference range (61 U/mL). The samples were classified to groups according clinic stage. The TSGF level from malignant tumor groups were stage I 56. 8 ± 5. 93 U/mL. stage II 66. 7 ± 25. 7 U/mL,stage III 75. 6 ± 22. 7 U/mL and stage IV 73. 9 ± 29. 6 U/mL. Excluding stage I, the TSGF level of all stages are statistically significant higher than healthy group,respectively,the stage III was also statistically significant higher than stage I. Further follow-up study indicated that in entirely insect group,the TSGF level decreased after treatment and kept in low level. In the partly insect group,although the TSGF activity decreased in a short term after surgery,the TSGF level would increase again and kept in high level. From this fact we considered that TSGF level is expected to be a newly potential biomarker in screening neoplastic diseases in veterinary and a monitoring factor for predicting relapse.

关键词： canine serum tumor supplied group of factors neoplasia

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