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六盘山区地面碘化银发生器催化作业条件分析

气象与环境学报 2024年第1期40卷 88-96页

作者：田磊穆建华常倬林左河疆曹宁林彤中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室宁夏银川750002 中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室北京100081 宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室宁夏银川750002

利用数值模式模拟的1 km×1 km六盘山区2009年6月至2010年5月的垂直速度资料、宁夏173个加密自动气象站数据、云高观测资料等开展了六盘山区碘化银发生器催化作业条件研究。结果表明:有降水过程时,六盘山区2.0 km、2.5 km、3.0 km、3.5... 详细信息

利用数值模式模拟的1 km×1 km六盘山区2009年6月至2010年5月的垂直速度资料、宁夏173个加密自动气象站数据、云高观测资料等开展了六盘山区碘化银发生器催化作业条件研究。结果表明:有降水过程时,六盘山区2.0 km、2.5 km、3.0 km、3.5 km高度层均有明显上升气流;地面发生器释放的碘化银催化剂的有效扩散高度可达3000 m;降雪开始前6 h至降雪开始后12 h内,发生器作业点有明显上升气流,80%以上时间内上升气流速度分钟平均值大于0.3 m·s~(-1)。结合六盘山区云底、0℃层等特征层高度,综合分析得出了六盘山东西两侧及六盘山顶一年中不同时期开展碘化银发生器催化作业的适宜程度。

关键词：地面碘化银发生器垂直气流扩散

FY-4A LMI Observed Lightning Activity in Super Typhoon Mangkhut(2018)in Comparison with WWLLN Data

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Journal of meteorological Research 2020年第2期34卷 336-352页

作者： Wenjuan ZHANG Wen HUI Weitao LYU Dongjie cao Pengfei LI Dong ZHENG Xiang FANG Yijun ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081 Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites National Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Ecological and meteorological Center of Heilongjiang Province Harbin 150030 Institute of Atmospheric Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438

Using lightning observations from the Fengyun-4A Lightning Mapping Imager(FY-4A LMI),best-track data from the Shanghai Typhoon Institute,bright temperature(TBB)data from Himawari-8 satellite,and composite reflectivity(CR)data from the South china radar network,we investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of lightning activity and convective evolution during the landfall of Super Typhoon Mangkhut,the strongest landing typhoon in china *** stages of active total lightning are observed,and differences of lightning characteristics between the inner core and the outer rainbands are *** onset of inner-core lightning outbreak is about 4 h ahead of the maximum intensity of the storm,providing indicative information on the change of typhoon *** rates in the outer rainbands increase rapidly 12 h before the landfall,and lightning activity is mainly confined in the outer rainbands after the landfall.A good correlation in hourly variation is shown between lightning rates from the LMI and TBBs from the *** averaged TBB within the inner core reaches its minimum(–80℃)when the innercore lightning outbreak occurs,indicating the occurrence and enhancement of deep convection *** locations observed by the LMI has a good spatial correspondence with regions of low TBBs and high CRs,revealing the monitoring capability of the LMI to lightning activity and deep convection in landing *** between the World Wide Lightning Location Network(WWLLN)and the LMI reveal that the spatial distribution,temporal evolution,and radial pattern of lightning activity in Mangkhut observed by the two systems are ***,due to the detection capability of total lightning,the LMI has advantages in revealing the higher ratio of intra-cloud lightning within the inner core in *** continuous and real-time observation ofFY-4ALMI provides an unprecedented platform for monitoring total lightning and deep convection in landing

关键词： FY-4A LMI lightning convection landing typhoon WWLLN Mangkhut

Macro-and Micro-physical Characteristics of Different Parts of Mixed Convective-stratiform Clouds and Differences in Their Responses to Seeding

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2022年第12期39卷 2040-2055页

作者： Dejun LI Chuanfeng ZHAO Peiren LI cao Liu Dianli GONG Siyao LIU Zhengteng YUAN Yingying CHEN Hubei meteorological Service Center Wuhan 430205China College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Weather Modification Office of Shanxi Province Taiyuan 030032China Wuhan Central meteorological Observatory Wuhan 430074China Weather Modification Office of Shandong Province Jinan 250031China

This study investigates the cloud macro-and micro-physical characteristics in the convective and stratiform regions and their different responses to the seeding for mixed convective-stratiform clouds that occurred in Shandong province on 21 May 2018,based on the observations from the aircraft,the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership(NPP)satellite,and the high-resolution Himawari-8(H8)*** aircraft observations show that convection was deeper and radar echoes were significantly enhanced with higher tops in response to seeding in the convective *** is linked with the conversion of supercooled liquid droplets to ice crystals with released latent heat,resulting in strengthened updrafts,enhanced radar echoes,higher cloud tops,and more and larger precipitation *** contrast,in the stratiform cloud region,after the Silver Iodide(AgI)seeding,the radar echoes become significantly weaker at heights close to the seeding layer,with the echo tops lowered by 1.4–1.7 *** addition,a hollow structure appears at the height of 6.2–7.8 km with a depth of about 1.6 km and a diameter of about 5.5 km,and features such as icing seeding tracks *** suggest that the transformation between droplets and ice particles was accelerated by the seeding in the stratiform *** NPP and H8 satellites also show that convective activity was stronger in the convective region after seeding;while in the stratiform region,a cloud seeding track with a width of 1–3 km appears 10 km downstream of the seeding layer 15 minutes after the AgI seeding,which moves along the wind direction as width increases.

关键词： airborne Ka-band Precipitation Radar(KPR) mixed convective-stratiform clouds convective region stratiform region cloud seeding cloud microphysical properties

Cross-satellite calibration of high-energy electron fluxes measured by FengYun-4A based on Arase observations

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第5期7卷 565-575页

作者： XiaoYu Wang Xing cao Xin Ma XiaoXin Zhang AnQin Chen JunHu Dong BinBin Ni XianKang Dou Department of Space Physics School of Electronic InformationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Innovation Center for FengYun meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

We use the High-energy Electron Experiments(HEP)instrument onboard Arase(ERG)to conduct an energy-dependent cross-satellite calibration of electron fluxes measured by the High Energy Particle Detector(HEPD)onboard FengYun-4A(FY-4A)spanning from April 1,2017,to September 30,*** tracing the two-dimensional magnetic positions(L,magnetic local time[MLT])of FY-4A at each time,we compare the datasets of the conjugate electron fluxes over the range of 245–894 keV in 6 energy channels for the satellite pair within different sets of L×*** variations in the electron fluxes observed by FY-4A generally agree with the Arase measurements,and the percentages of the ratios of electron flux conjunctions within a factor of 2 are larger than 50%.Compared with Arase,FY-4A systematically overestimates electron fluxes at all 6 energy channels,with the corresponding calibration factors ranging from 0.67 to *** the cross-satellite calibration,the electron flux conjunctions between FY-4A and Arase show better agreement,with much smaller normalized root mean square *** results provide a valuable reference for the application of FY-4A high-energy electron datasets to in-depth investigations of the Earth’s radiation belt electron dynamics.

关键词： cross-satellite calibration high-energy electron flux FengYun-4A Arase

Study of the characteristics of rocket-triggered lightning energetic radiation and its relationships with the discharge parameters

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Science china Earth sciences 2023年第3期66卷 633-647页

作者： Xiong ZHANG Xiaoqiang LI Yang ZHANG Baofeng cao Yi ZHENG Rubin JIANG Peng LI Hongbo ZHANG Weitao LYU State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing 102205China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Through the use of the independently developed Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Observation System(TEROS),observation experiments of rocket-triggered lightning energetic radiation(RLER)were conducted for the first time at the Field Experiment Base on Lightning sciences,china meteorological Administration from May 2021 to July 2021.A total of 17 X-ray bursts were detected during all of the 22 leader/return *** this study,the energy,time,and direction characteristics of Xray burst and its relationships with the corresponding discharge parameters,such as the return stroke peak current,half-peak width,rise time,and interstroke time interval,as well as the associated physical processes,are analyzed and *** showed that energetic radiation is ubiquitous in triggered lightning and is closely related to the last downward leader phase before the return *** photon energies were concentrated in tens to hundreds of ke V,and the average duration of RLER was approximately 27μ***,RLER exhibited directional property inconsistent with a vertical downward beam,which may be related to the development orientation of the lightning *** intensity of RLER was positively correlated with the return stroke peak current,indicating that it directly depends on the lightning intensity,but it would be modulated by the lightning channel *** 17 RLER events showed 3 different time distribution patterns,namely,discrete,continuous,and discrete/continuous pulses,of which the discharge parameters were also *** discrete pulse event had the longest duration,a small half-peak width,and a long interstroke time ***,all of these events occurred during the last several leader/return *** continuous pulse event had a short duration and a small peak *** discrete/continuous pulse event had a moderate duration and a large half-peak width and peak *** three distinct time distribution patterns may be determined by

关键词： Rocket-triggered lightning Lightning energetic radiation X-ray burst Channel base current Leader high-field runaway mechanism

自然过程和陆源人类活动对黄海浒苔绿潮年变化的影响分析及机制研究

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海洋预报 2024年第4期41卷 88-99页

作者：徐淑雯徐丽丽何佩东高清清曹兵刘吉堂郭茂华自然资源部南通海洋中心江苏南通226000 自然资源部东海预报减灾中心上海200000 国家卫星海洋应用中心北京100081

利用2008—2022年浒苔覆盖面积、水文气象观测资料、再分析数据以及各类经济指标等数据,从自然过程和人类活动影响两大方面综合分析了黄海浒苔绿潮发生面积呈现波动性年变化的原因。研究发现:正常情况下厄尔尼诺次年浒苔覆盖面积较正常... 详细信息

利用2008—2022年浒苔覆盖面积、水文气象观测资料、再分析数据以及各类经济指标等数据,从自然过程和人类活动影响两大方面综合分析了黄海浒苔绿潮发生面积呈现波动性年变化的原因。研究发现:正常情况下厄尔尼诺次年浒苔覆盖面积较正常偏多(副热带高压较常年加强西伸,导致降水偏多偏强;厄尔尼诺次年有效积温天数偏多,有效积温偏强),拉尼娜次年浒苔覆盖面积以偏少为主。夏季苏北海域大风天数和偏北风持续时间对浒苔最大覆盖面积的极值年有很好的指示意义,同时降雨量与浒苔最大覆盖面积为中等程度的正相关。浒苔年最大覆盖面积与连云港、青岛和盐城3个市的年总产值增加值呈现高度正相关。综上说明,浒苔年最大覆盖面积的年际波动变化是气候尺度厄尔尼诺-南方涛动事件、季节尺度天气系统以及年际尺度人类经济生产活动三者共同影响的结果。

关键词：浒苔最大覆盖面积厄尔尼诺-南方涛动降水量大风天数偏北风国内生产总值

Analysis of vegetation response to rainfall with satellite images in Dongting Lake

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2011年第1期21卷 135-149页

作者： JIANG Weiguo HOU Peng ZHU Xiaohua cao Guangzhen LIU Xiaoman cao Ruyin State Key Laboratory of Earth Process and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Satellite Environment Center MEP Beijing 100094 china Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

We analyzed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） from satellite images and precipitation data from meteorological stations from 1998 to 2007 in the Dongting Lake wetland watershed to better understand the eco-hydrological effect of atmospheric precipitation and its relationship with vegetation. First,we analyzed its general spatio-temporal distribution using its mean,standard deviation and linear trend. Then,we used the Empirical Orthogonal Functions （EOF） method to decompose the NDVI and precipitation data into spatial and temporal modes. We selected four leading modes based on North and Scree test rules and analyzed the synchronous seasonal and inter-annual variability between the vegetation index and precipitation,distinguishing time-lagged correlations between EOF modes with the correlative degree analysis method. According to our detailed analyses,the vegetation index and precipitation exhibit a prominent correlation in spatial distribution and seasonal variation. At the 90% confidence level,the time lag is around 110 to 140 days,which matches well with the seasonal variation.

关键词： eco-hydrology precipitation vegetation remote sensing wetland Dongting Lake

Chemical characteristics of aerosol particles (PM_(2.5)) at a site of Horqin Sand-land in northeast china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2006年第4期18卷 701-707页

作者： SHEN Zhen-xing cao Jun-ji LI Xu-xiang WANG Ya-qiang JIE Dong-mei ZHANG Xiao-ye Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi＇an Jiaotong University Xi＇an 710049 China SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi＇an 710075 China Chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China Urban and Environment Science College Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China

The objective of this study was to characterize the mass concentration and chemical composition of aerosol particles（PM2.5） collected at Tongliao（Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, china）, a site in Horqin Sand-land in northeast china. During spring 2005, the mass concentration for PM2.5 was （126±71）μg/m^3 in average. Five dust storm events were monitored with higher concentration of （255 ± 77）μg/m^3 in average than the non dusty days of （106 ± 44）μg/m^3. Concentrations for 20 elements were obtained by the PIXE method. Mass concentrations of ALl, Mg, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, and V, which increased with the PM2.5 concentration, were higher than the pollution elements （S, Cl, Zn, Ar, Se, Br, and Pb）. Enrichment factor relative to crust material was also calculated, which showed dust trace elements were mainly from earth upper crust and pollution elements were dominated the anthropogenic aerosols. The Si/Al, Ca/Al, and Fe/Al ratios in PM2.5 samples at Tongliao were 4.07, 0.94, and 0.82, respectively, which were remarkably different with those on other source regions, such as ＂Western desert source region＂, ＂North desert source region＂ and central Asia source. Air mass back-trajectory analysis identified three kinds of general pathways were associated with the aerosol particle transport to Tongliao, but have the similar elemental ratios, implying that elemental signatures for dust aerosol from Horqin Sand-land were different with other regions.

关键词： dust aerosol mass concentration elemental composition transport pathway

Cyclical helping hands: seasonal tailwinds differentially affect migrating Oriental Storks (Ciconia boyciana) travel speed

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Avian Research 2020年第2期11卷 83-91页

作者： Shujuan Fan Qingshan Zhao Hongbin Li Baoguang Zhu Shubin Dong Yanbo Xie Lei cao Anthony David Fox School of Life sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco‑Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Honghe National Nature Reserve Jiansanjiang 156332China School of Physical sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityKaløGrenåvej 148410 RøndeDenmark

Background:The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)breeds in southeastern Siberia and parts of northeast china,and winters mainly in southeast *** the autumn migration pattern of Oriental Storks has been previ-ously described,differences between spring and autumn migration travel speed in relation to wind assistance were ***:Using GPS/GSM transmitters,we tracked the full migrations of 18 Oriental Storks during 2015-2018 to compare differences in autumn and spring migration patterns,and combined the satellite telemetry data with the National Center for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis data to explain the relationship between 850 mbar wind vec-tors and seasonal differences in travel ***:Differences in tailwinds contributed to significant differences in daily average Oriental Storks travel speed in spring(258.11±64.8 km/day)compared to autumn(172.23±49.7 km/day,pmeteorological conditions experienced en route.

关键词： Ciconia boyciana GPS/GSM tracking Migration Tailwind Travel duration Travel speed