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Voltage gated calcium channel antibody-related neurological diseases

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第3期3卷 293-300页

作者： can ebru bekircan-kurt Eda DerleÇiftçi Aslι Tuncer Kurne Banu Anlar Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University Neurology Department Faculty of MedicineBaşkent University06490 AnkaraTurkey Pediatric Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University

Voltage gated calcium channel(VGCC) antibodies are generally associated with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. However the presence of this antibody has been associated with paraneoplastic as well as nonparaneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Most patients with VGCC-antibody-positivity have small cell lung cancer(SCLC). Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome(LEMS)is an autoimmune disease of the presynaptic part of the neuromuscular junction. Its classical clinical triadis proximal muscle weakness, areflexia and autonomic dysfunction. Fifty to sixty percent of LEMS patients have a neoplasia, usually SCLC. The co-occurrence of SCLC and LEMS causes more severe and progressive disease and shorter survival than non-paraneoplastic LEMS. Treatment includes 3,4 diaminopyridine for symptomatic purposes and immunotherapy with prednisolone, azathioprine or intravenous immunoglobulin in patients unresponsive to 3,4 diaminopyridine. Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration(PCD) is a syndrome characterized with severe, subacute pancerebellar dysfunction. Serum is positive for VGCC antibody in 41%-44% of patients, usually with the co-occurrence of SCLC. Clinical and electrophysiological features of LEMS are also present in 20%-40% of these patients. Unfortunately, PCD symptoms do not improve with immunotherapy. The role of VGCC antibody in the immunopathogenesis of LEMS is well known whereas its role in PCD is still unclear. All patients presenting with LEMS or PCD must be investigated for SCLC.

关键词： Voltage gated calcium channel antibody Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration Onconeural antibodies Small cell lung cancer

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