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Overview of the CHILL-ICE 2021 Science Experiments and Research Campaign

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Space(Science & Technology) 2022年第1期2022卷 27-35页

作者： David J.K.smith Charlotte R.Pouwels marc Heemskerk Benedetta m.Cattani Esther Konijnenberg Robert Heemskerk Sebasthian Ogalde ICEE Space Netherlands Euromoonmars An Initiative of ILEWG(International Lunar Exploration Working GroupThe Netherlands)Netherlands Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Lunar Zebro Delft University of TechnologyNetherlands Heemskerk Innovative Technology Netherlands

The main objective of the CHILL-ICE(Construction of a Habitat Inside a Lunar-analogue Lava tube—Iceland;a campaign by ICEE Space and Euromoonmars)prototype mission was to deploy an inflatable habitat and its systems inside a lunar analogue lava *** took place during an 8-hour extra vehicular activity(EVA)with three analogue astronauts as part of a threeday ***-ICE 2021 was carried out in July/August 2021 and consisted of two missions and was accomplished through successful collaboration of nonprofit research organizations,agencies,companies,and universities across 16 *** pilot campaign successfully reached its main objective:the testing of emergency equipment designed to help astronauts survive when first arriving to a new celestial body and to perform experiments similar to those that would be carried out *** article is a review of the scientific research experiments carried out during and after the mission:SpotNet,an artificial intelligence(AI)astronaut detection vision system;training for studies of the geological surroundings examined during EVAs;astronaut vigilance experiments carried out before,during,and after the mission;and Lunar Zebro,a legged rover intended to assist the crew in traversing and exploring harsh terrain.

关键词： ICE companies planet

History and evaluation of national-scale geochemical data sets for the United States

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第2期4卷 167-183页

作者： David B.smith Steven m.smith John D.Horton U.S.Geological Survey.Denver Federal Center MS 973.DenverCO 80225USA

Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochemical data sets for soils or stream sediments exist for the United *** earliest of these,here termed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from 1961 to *** project used soil collected from a depth of about 20 cm as the sampling medium at 1323 sites throughout the conterminous *** National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program of the *** of Energy was conducted from 1975 to 1984 and collected either stream sediments,lake sediments,or soils at more than 378,000 sites in both the conterminous *** *** sampled area represented about 65%of the *** Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from 1978 to 1982,collected samples from multiple soil horizons at sites within the major crop-growing regions of the conterminous *** data set contains analyses of more than 3000 *** National Geochemical Survey,a USGS project conducted from 1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NURE-HSSR archival samples as its starting point and then collected primarily stream sediments, with occasional soils,in the parts of the *** covered by the NURE-HSSR *** data set contains chemical analyses for more than 70,000 *** USGS,in collaboration with the mexican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sampling for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project in *** of three horizons or depths at more than 4800 sites in the *** completed in 2010,and chemical analyses are currently *** NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from selected pedons throughout the *** data set currently contains data from more than 1400 *** paper（1） discusses each data set in terms of its purpose,sample collection protocols,and analytical methods;and（2） evaluates each data set in terms

关键词： Geochemical mapping National-scale geochemical data Geochemical baselines United States

Strigolactones redefine plant hormones

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第10期59卷 1083-1085页

作者： Lu Wang Steven m.smith School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of sciences

A commonly accepted view of plant growth hormones is that their interaction with the cognate receptor protein is reversible,so that each hormone molecule can potentially interact multiple times with a receptor and so ... 详细信息

关键词：植物激素受体蛋白定义植物生长激素相互作用激素信号酸水解

Phylogenomics and integrative taxonomy reveal two new species of Amana(Liliaceae)

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Plant Diversity 2023年第1期45卷 54-68页

作者： mei-Zhen Wang Xiao-Kai Fan Yong-Hua Zhang Jing Wu Li-mi mao Sheng-Lu Zhang min-Qi Cai ming-Hong Li Zhang-Shi-Chang Zhu ming-Shui Zhao Lu-Xian Liu Kenneth m.cameron Pan Li Laboratory of Systematic&Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058ZhejiangChina College of Life and Environmental Sciences Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008JiangsuChina Shanghai Science and Technology museum Shanghai200127China Nanyue Hengshan National Nature Reserve Administration Hengyang 421900HunanChina Zhejiang Tianmushan National Nature Reserve management Bureau Hangzhou311311China Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475001HenanChina Department of Botany University of WisconsinMadisonWI53706USA

Until now the genus Amana(Liliaceae),known as ’East Asian tulips’,has contained just seven *** this study,a phylogenomic and integrative taxonomic approach was used to reveal two new species,Amana nanyueensis from Central China and *** from East *** resembles Amana edulis in possessing a densely villous-woolly bulb tunic and two opposite bracts,but differs in its leaves and *** tianmuensis resembles Amana erythronioides in possessing three verticillate bracts and yellow anthers,but differs in aspects of its leaves and *** four species are clearly separated from each other in principal components analysis based on *** analyses based on plastid CDS further support the species delimitation of *** and *** and suggests they are closely related to *** analysis shows that *** and A tianmuensis are both diploid(2n=2x=24),different from A edulis,which is either diploid(northern populations) or tetraploid(southern populations,2n=4x=48).The pollen morphology of *** is similar to other Amana species(single-groove germination aperture),but *** is quite different because of the presence of a sulcus membrane,which creates the illusion of double *** niche modelling also revealed a niche differentiation between ***,*** and ***.

关键词： Amana edulis Parallel evolution Phylogeny Species concept Taxonomy Tulip

Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints

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Friction 2022年第1期10卷 110-127页

作者： JinJing LIAO David W.smith Saeed mIRAmINI Bruce S.GARDINER Lihai ZHANG Department of Infrastructure Engineering.The University of melbourne.Victoria 3010 Australia Faculty of Engineering and mathematical Sciences The University of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia College of Science Health.Engineering and Education.Murdoch UniversityWA 6150Australia

Although experimental evidence has suggested that the polymer brush border(PBB)on the cartilage surface is important in regulating fluid permeability in the contact gap,the current theoretical understanding of joint lubrication is still *** address this research gap,a multiscale cartilage contact model that includes PBB,in particular its effect on the fluid permeability of the contact gap,is developed in this *** modeling is employed to estimate the permeability of the contact *** permeability is classified into two categories:For a gap size>1μm,the flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the cartilage roughness;for gap sizem,flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the surface polymers extending beyond the collagen network of the articular *** gap sizes of less than 1μm,the gap permeability decreases exponentially with increasing aggrecan concentration,whereas the aggrecan concentration varies inversely with the gap ***,the gap permeability is employed in a macroscale cartilage contact model,in which both the contact gap space and articular cartilage are modeled as two interacting poroelastic *** fluid exchange between these two media is achieved by imposing pressure and normal flux continuity boundary *** model results suggest that PBB can substantially enhance cartilage lubrication by increasing the gap fluid load support(e.g.,by 26 times after a 20-min indentation compared with the test model without a PBB).Additionally,the fluid flow resistance of PBB sustains the cartilage interstitial fluid pressure for a relatively long period,and hence reduces the vertical deformation of the ***,it can be inferred that a reduction in the PBB thickness impairs cartilage lubrication ability.

关键词： assumed polymer hence

Current strategies for targeting the activity of androgen receptor variants

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Asian Journal of Urology 2019年第1期6卷 42-49页

作者： cameron m.Armstrong Allen C.Gao Department of Urology University of CaliforniaDavisSacramentoCAUSA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of CaliforniaDavisSacramentoCAUSA VA Northern California Health Care System SacramentoCAUSA

Current therapies for advanced prostate cancer,such as enzalutamide and abiraterone,focus on inhibiting androgen receptor(AR)activity and reducing downstream signaling pathways to inhibit tumor ***,cancer cells are very adaptable and,over time,these cells develop mechanisms by which they can circumvent *** of the many mechanisms that have been discovered is the generation of AR *** variants are generated through alternative splicing of the full length AR and often lack the ligand binding *** leads to forms of the AR that are constitutively active that continue to promote prostate cancer cell growth even in the absence of *** high prevalence of AR variants and their role in disease progression have prompted a number of studies investigating ways to inhibited AR variant expression and *** these are the antihelminthic drug,niclosamide,which selectively promotes degradation of AR variants over full length AR and re-sensitizes anti-androgen resistant prostate cancer cells to treatment with enzalutamide and *** AR variant targeting mechanisms include interfering with AR variant co-activators and the development of drugs that bind to the DNA or N-terminal AR domains,which are retained in most AR *** clinical efficacy of treating prostate cancer by targeting AR variants is under investigation in several clinical *** this review,we provide an overview of the most relevant AR variants and discuss current AR variant targeting strategies.

关键词： Prostate cancer Androgen receptor variants Drug resistance

Ischemic cholangiopathy after livertransplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2005年第4期4卷 495-501页

作者： Andrew m. cameron Ronald W. Busuttil Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation Department of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCalifornia 90095-7054USA

Orthotopic liver transplantation ( OLT) has evolved over the last forty years from an experimental endeavor to standard of care therapy for many patients with end stage hepatic disease. many technical advances have contributed to the current success of OLT, but surgical complications, especially involving the biliary reconstruction, remain a morbid problem. Biliary complications after OLT include leaks and strictures. Strictures may be anastoinotic or intrahepatic and diffuse, as seen in cases of hepatic artery thrombosis. Current efforts to expand the limited donor pool include the use of non-heart beating donors. The organ procurement process in these donors entails an increased period of warm ischemia and results with non-heart beating donor grafts have been mixed. It is now appreciated that there is an increased incidence of subsequent diffuse biliary stricturing or ' ischemic cholangiopathy' in recipients of these organs. Animal models of this phenomenon and potential therapeutic strategies targeted at ischemic cholangiopathy are being developed with potential applicability to non-heart beating donation and will be the focus of this review.

关键词： orthotopic liver transplantation biliary strictures non-anastoinotic strictures ischemic cholangiopathy non-heart beating donor

Adaptive pathways and emerging strategies overcoming treatment resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第4期3卷 185-194页

The therapies available for prostate cancer patients whom progress from hormonesensitive to castration resistant prostate cancer include both systemic drugs,including docetaxel and cabazitaxel,and drugs that inhibit androgen signaling such as enzalutamide and ***,it is estimated that up to 30%of patients have primary resistance to these treatments and over time even those who initially respond to therapy will eventually develop resistance and their disease will continue to progress regardless of the presence of the *** the mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to these therapies has been the area of intense study and several adaptive pathways have been *** receptor(AR)mutations,expression of AR-V7(or other constitutively active androgen receptor variants),intracrine androgen production and overexpression of androgen synthesis enzymes such as Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1,member C3(AKR1C3)are among the many mechanisms associated with resistance to *** regards to the taxanes,one of the key contributors to drug resistance is increased drug efflux through ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B member 1(ABCB1).Targeting these resistance mechanisms using different strategies has led to various levels of success in overcoming resistance to current *** instance,targeting AR-V7 with niclosamide or AKR1C3 with indomethacin can improve enzalutamide and abiraterone ***1 transport activity can be inhibited by the dietary constituent apigenin and antiandrogens such as bicalutamide which in turn improves response to docetaxel.A more thorough understanding of how drug resistance develops will lead to improved treatment *** review will cover the current knowledge of resistance mechanisms to castration resistant prostate cancer therapies and methods that have been identified which may improve treatment response.

关键词： Prostate cancer Castration resistant prostate cancer Enzalutamide Abiraterone Docetaxel Drug resistance

Duplicate publication bias weakens the validity of metaanalysis of immunosuppression after transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第39期23卷 7198-7200页

作者： cameron J Fairfield Ewen m Harrison Stephen J Wigmore Department of Clinical Surgery University of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Duplicate publication can introduce significant bias into a meta-analysis if studies are inadvertently included more than once. many studies are published in more than one journal to maximize readership and impact of the study findings. Inclusion of multiple publications of the same study within a meta-analysis affords inappropriate weight to the duplicated data if reports of the same study are not linked together. As studies which have positive findings are more likely to be published in multiple journals this leads to a potential overestimate of the benefits of an intervention. Recent advances in immunosuppression strategies following liver transplantation have led to many studies investigating immunosuppressive regimes including immunosuppression monotherapy. In this letter we focus on a recently published meta-analysis by Lan et al investigating studies assessing immunosuppression monotherapy for liver transplantation. The authors claim to have identified fourteen separate randomised studies investigating immunosuppression monotherapy. Seven of the references appear to relate to only three studies which have been subject to duplicate publication. Several similarities can be identified in each of the duplicate publications including similar authorship, identical immunosuppression regimes, identical dates of enrolment and citation of the original publication in the subsequent manuscripts. We discuss the evidence of the duplicate publication inclusion in the meta-analysis.

关键词：肝移植免疫力的抑制元分析复制出版偏爱