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Efficacy and Safety of Sofosbuvir-based Regimens in Hepatitis C Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第1期11卷 144-155页

作者： Wenyan Zhang Jing Zhang Shan Tang Yali Liu Xiaofei Du Lixia Qiu Menglu Liu Haibin Yu calvin Q.Pan Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNYU Langone HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUSA

Background and Aims:Decompensated cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C(HCV)are often under-represented in clinical *** aimed to evaluate pooled data on the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir(SOF)-based regimens in these ***:We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis by searching multiple databases for studies published from October 2010 to October *** of interest were sustained virologic response(SVR)and safety of SOFbased regimens in decompensated HCV *** reviewers independently performed the study selection and data ***:We included 33 studies that enrolled 5,302 HCV *** pooled SVR rate in decompensated patients with SOF-based regimens was 85.1%(95%CI:82.8–87.3).Patients on SOF/velpatasvir±ribavirin achieved a significantly higher SVR(91.0%,95%CI:87.7–93.9)than that of SOF/ledipasvir±ribavirin[(86.3%,95%CI:84.6–87.8);p=0.004],or on SOF/daclatasvir±ribavirin(82.4%,95%CI:78.2–86.2%;p<0.001).Adding ribavirin to SOFbased regimens(pooled SVR 84.9%,95%CI:81.7–87.9)did not significantly increase the SVR[83.8%(95%CI:76.8–89.8%;p=0.76)]in decompensated patients,which was also true in subgroup analyses for each regimen within the same treatment ***,adding ribavirin significantly increased the frequency of adverse events from 52.9%(95%CI:28.0–77.1)to 89.2%(95%CI:68.1–99.9)and frequency of severe *** pooled incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and case-fatality of decompensated patients were 3.1%(95%CI:1.5–5.0)and 4.6%(95%CI:3.1–6.3),*** overall heterogeneity was *** was no publication ***:The analysis found that 12 weeks of SOF/velpatasvir without ribavirin is the preferred therapy,with a significantly higher SVR compared with other SOF-based regimens in decompensated HCV patients.

关键词： Direct-acting antiviral HCV liver failure Sustained virologic response Ribavirin

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Current recommendations of managing HBV infection in preconception or pregnancy

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Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 158-165页

作者： James S. Park calvin Pan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine NYU Langone Medical Center NYU School of Medicine New York 10016 USA

Hepatitis B remains a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation worldwide. Management of chronic hepatitis B during pregnancy is challenging. Transmission of hepatitis B to infants still occurs perinataily although immunoprophylaxis is widely available for infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection. The emerging data suggest that initiation of antiviral therapy in the beginning of the third trimester in highly viremic mothers can prevent immunoprophylaxis failure in their infants. The available drug safety data show that lamivudine, telbivudine and tenofovir are generally safe to be used during the pregnancy. In order to minimize the fetal exposure to the antiviral medication, antiviral therapy during the pregnancy should be limited to a selected group of patients with cirrhosis, high hepatitis B viral load, or prior history immunoprophylaxis failure. An elective Caesarean section may reduce the risk of perinatal transmission. For those females planning for pregnancy or in early stage of pregnancy, communication and follow-up among obstetrician, gastroenterologist, and primary care physician are important. In this article, we will review the features of hepatitis B infection before, during and after the pregnancy; the risk factors that increase mother-tochild transmission; safety data on antiviral drug use during pregnancy; and the potential role of Caesarean section in selected cases.

关键词： antiviral therapy Caesarean section cirrhosis hepatitis B irnmunoprophylaxis mother-to-child transmission pregnancy prevention

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Hunting down the dominating subclone of cancer stem cells as a potential new therapeutic target in multiple myeloma: An artificial intelligence perspective

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第8期12卷 706-720页

作者： Lisa X Lee Shengwen calvin Li Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineChao Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUCI HealthOrangeCA 92868United States Neuro-oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory CHOC Children's Research InstituteChildren's Hospital of Orange CountyOrangeCA 92868United States Department of Neurology University of California-Irvine School of MedicineOrangeCA 92868United States

The development of single-cell subclones,which can rapidly switch from dormant to dominant subclones,occur in the natural pathophysiology of multiple myeloma(MM)but is often"pressed"by the standard treatment of *** emerging subclones present a challenge,providing reservoirs for chemoresistant *** advancement is required to track MM subclonal changes,as understanding MM's mechanism of evolution at the cellular level can prompt the development of new targeted ways of treating this *** methods to study the evolution of subclones in MM rely on technologies capable of phenotypically and genotypically characterizing plasma cells,which include immunohistochemistry,flow cytometry,or ***,all of these technologies may be limited by the sensitivity for picking up rare *** contrast,more incisive methods such as RNA sequencing,comparative genomic hybridization,or whole-genome sequencing are not yet commonly used in clinical *** we introduce the epidemiological diagnosis and prognosis of MM and review current methods for evaluating MM subclone evolution,such as minimal residual disease/multiparametric flow cytometry/next-generation sequencing,and their respective advantages and *** addition,we propose our new single-cell method of evaluation to understand MM's mechanism of evolution at the molecular and cellular level and to prompt the development of new targeted ways of treating this disease,which has a broad prospect.

关键词： Multiple myeloma Single cells Single-cell transcriptome Subclonal evolution Cancer stem cells Systemic tracking of single-cell landscape Artificial intelligence medicine

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A second demographic transition in Indonesia?

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China Population and Development Studies 2022年第3期6卷 288-315页

作者： Ariane Utomo Aris Ananta Diahhadi Setyonaluri calvin Aryaputra School of Geography Earth and Atmospheric SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas IndonesiaDepok CityIndonesia The Centre for Advanced Research Universiti Brunei DarussalamGadongBrunei Darussalam Population and Labour Studies Faculty of Economics and BusinessUniversitas IndonesiaDepok CityIndonesia

As a predominantly Muslim and ethnically diverse new democracy in Asia,Indo-nesia is a timely case to study how the contending forces of development and social change are reflected in changing norms and practices around family *** paper examines the extent to which the second demographic transition(SDT)theory can provide a primary framework to understand contemporary patterns of fertility,marriage and family change in *** the backdrop of socio-political change following Reformasi in 1998,we found emerging demographic fea-tures typically associated with societies in later stages of fertility *** include fertility below replacement in some regions;increasing age at first marriage,non-marriage,and divorce rates;and growing diversity in household/family *** the vast regions of Indonesia is economically,culturally,and demographically heterogeneous,these key features of SDT are not likely to emerge and unfold in a uniform ***,these demographic shifts are taking place amidst multi-ple tensions and contradictions in the nature and direction of ideational change per-taining to marriage and the *** argue that the prevailing ideational change driving the shifts in marriage,fertility,and the family within Indonesia is neither unilinear nor singular in *** ideational change embodying individual-ism,secularism,and post-materialism-originally proposed in SDT theory to be the primary drivers of fertility decline in post-industrial Western Europe-can overlap with popular values promoting de-secularization and the strengthening of familial *** a demographic framework,the SDT theory is an important and use-ful starting *** it needs to be reevaluated by considering the complex socio-political and increasingly precarious economic terrains behind fertility transition,as well as marriage and family change in post-Reformasi Indonesia.

关键词： Indonesia Fertility Marriage Family Second demographic transition Islam Diversity

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Safety considerations for working with animal models involving human health hazards

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2018年第2期1卷 91-99页

作者： calvin B.Carpenter Animal Resources Alcon Research and Development

A human health hazard may constitute a variety of hazards that are encountered in an animal facility. Health hazards include physical, chemical, radioactive, or biological hazards such as cage and rack washers, chemicals used for cleaning and disinfection,experimental drugs or biologics, radioactive isotopes, zoonotic diseases, allergens,experimental infectious agents, or biological toxins. This article will focus on experimental infectious agents and biological toxins(biohazards) that are hazardous to both animals and humans and require biological containment(biocontainment) to prevent their inadvertent release into the environment. Key areas for safely managing a biocontainment animal care and use program and vivarium are *** scientific research involving health hazards has created some challenges, it has also provided some excellent advances in methods and technologies. The ideas and approaches in this article will be useful for those just entering this field of research and those who have committed their careers to the safe use of animals exposed to biohazards.

关键词： animal models biocontainment hazards safety

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Spatiotemporal switching signals for cancer stem cell activation in pediatric origins of adulthood cancer:Towards a watch-and-wait lifetime strategy for cancer treatment

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2018年第2期10卷 15-22页

作者： Shengwen calvin Li Mustafa H Kabeer Neuro-oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory Children's Hospital of Orange County Department of Neurology University of California-Irvine School of Medicine Children's Hospital of Orange County Department of Surgery University of California-Irvine School of Medicine

Pediatric origin of cancer stem cell hypothesis holds great promise and potential in adult cancer treatment, however; the road to innovation is full of obstacles as there are plenty of questions left unanswered. First, the key question is to characterize the nature of such stem cells (concept). Second, the quantitative imaging of pediatric stem cells should be implemented(technology). Conceptually, pediatric stem cell origins of adult cancer are based on the notion that plasticity in early life developmental programming evolves local environments to cancer. Technologically, such imaging in children is lacking as all imaging is designed for adult patients. We postulate that the need for quantitative imaging to measure space-time changes of plasticity in early life developmental programming in children may trigger research and development of the imaging technology. Such quantitative imaging of pediatric origin of adulthood cancer will help develop a spatiotemporal monitoring system to determine cancer initiation and progression. Clinical validation of such speculative hypothesis-that cancer originates in a pediatric environment-will help implement a wait-andwatch strategy for cancer treatment.

关键词： Pediatric origins of adult cancer Imaging of single cells

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Pregnancy and fetal outcomes of chronic hepatitis C mothers with viremia in China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第34期28卷 5023-5035页

作者： calvin Q Pan Bao-Shen Zhu Jian-Ping Xu Jian-Xia Li Li-Juan Sun Hong-Xia Tian Xi-Hong Zhang Su-Wen Li Er-Hei Dai Center for Liver Diseases Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100015China Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNYU Langone HealthNYU School of MedicineFlushingNY 11355United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050021Hebei ProvinceChina School of Public Health North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210Hebei ProvinceChina Division of Liver Disease Department of MedicineThe Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050021Hebei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Data that assess maternal and infant outcomes in hepatitis C virus(HCV)-infected mothers are *** To investigate the frequency of complications and the associated risk *** We performed a cohort study to compare pregnancy and fetal outcomes of HCVviremic mothers with those of healthy *** factors were analyzed with logistic *** Among 112 consecutive HCV antibody-positive mothers screened,we enrolled 79 viremic *** randomly selected 115 healthy mothers from the birth registry as the *** to healthy mothers,HCV mothers had a significantly higher frequency of anemia[2.6%(3/115)vs 19.0%(15/79),P<0.001]during pregnancy,medical conditions that required caesarian section[27.8%(32/115)vs 48.1%(38/79),P=0.004],and nuchal cords[9.6%(11/115)vs 34.2%(27/79),P<0.001].In addition,the mean neonatal weight in the HCV group was significantly lower(3278.3±462.0 vs 3105.1±459.4 gms;P=0.006),and the mean head circumference was smaller(33.3±0.6 vs 33.1±0.7 cm;P=0.03).In a multivariate model,HCV-infected mothers were more likely to suffer anemia[adjusted odds ratio(OR):18.1,95%confidence interval(CI):4.3-76.6],require caesarian sections(adjusted OR:2.6,95%CI:1.4-4.9),and have nuchal cords(adjusted OR:5.6,95%CI:2.4-13.0).Their neonates were also more likely to have smaller head circumferences(adjusted OR:2.1,95%CI:1.1-4.3)and lower birth weights than the average(≤3250 gms)with an adjusted OR of 2.2(95%CI:1.2-4.0).The vertical transmission rate was 1%in HCV-infected *** Maternal HCV infections may associate with pregnancy and obstetric *** demonstrated a previously unreported association between maternal HCV viremia and a smaller neonatal head circumference,suggesting fetal growth restriction.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus viremia Mother-to-child transmission Pregnancy complications Maternal health Infant hepatitis C virus infection

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The Ecdysone and Notch Pathways Synergistically Regulate Cut at the Dorsal-Ventral Boundary in Drosophila Wing Discs

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第4期43卷 179-186页

作者： Dongyu Jia Jamal Bryant Allison Jevitt Gabriel calvin Wu-Min Deng Department of Biological Science Florida State University

Metazoan development requires coordination of signaling pathways to regulate patterns of gene *** Drosophila,the wing imaginal disc provides an excellent model for the study of how signaling pathways interact to regulate pattern *** determination of the dorsal-ventral（DV） boundary of the wing disc depends on the Notch pathway,which is activated along the DV boundary and induces the expression of the homeobox transcription factor,***,we show that Broad（Br）,a zinc-finger transcription factor,is also involved in regulating Cut expression in the DV boundary ***,Br expression is not regulated by Notch signaling in wing discs,while ecdysone signaling is the upstream signal that induces Br for Cut ***,we find that the ecdysone-Br cascade upregulates cut-lacZ expression,a reporter containing a 2.7 kb cut enhancer region,implying that ecdysone signaling,similar to Notch,regulates cut at the transcriptional ***,our findings reveal that the Notch and ecdysone signaling pathways synergistically regulate Cut expression for proper DV boundary formation in the wing ***,we show br promotes Delta,a Notch ligand,near the DV boundary to suppress aberrant high Notch activity,indicating further interaction between the two pathways for DV patterning of the wing disc.

关键词： Ecdysone Notch Broad Cut Drosophila Wing disc Dorsal-ventral boundary

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Structural biology of the macroautophagy machinery

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Frontiers in Biology 2014年第1期9卷 18-34页

作者： Leon H. CHEW calvin K. YIP Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of British Columbia 2350 Health Sciences Mall Vancouver BC V6T1Z3 Canada

Macroautophagy is a conserved degradative process mediated through formation of a unique double- membrane structure, the autophagosome. The discovery of autophagy-related （Atg） genes required for autophagosome formation has led to the characterization of approximately 20 genes mediating this process. Recent structural studies of the Atg proteins have provided the molecular basis for their function. Here we summarize the recent progress in elucidating the structural basis for autophagosome formation.

关键词： macroautophagy autophagy Atg proteins structural biology X-ray crystallography single-particle electronmicroscopy

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CTO (Chronic Total Occlusion)

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications 2021年第3期6卷 67-68页

作者： Charles Richard Conti calvin Choi University of Florida Medical School GainesvilleFL 32610USA

Introduction Chronic total occlusion(CTO),is a common abnor-mality in patients with known coronary artery *** of these patients have been undertreated because of the poor prognosis associated with other known coronary... 详细信息

关键词： Chronic coronary occlusion

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