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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1535-1538页

作者： Ziru Zhou Yawen Yang Guo Ai Miaomiao Zhao Baozhu Han Chunjie Zhao Yiqian Chen Yuwei Zhang Hong Pan caixia lan Chao He Qiang Li Jieting Xu Wenhao Yan National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China WIMI Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Changzhou 213025China

Dear Editor,Agrobacterium-mediated transformation technology is of vital importance for functional genomics studies and precision breeding in crops due to low cost and clear genetic manifestation.A morphogenic gene pa... 详细信息

关键词： breeding crops transformation

Characterization of a 4.1 Mb inversion harboring the stripe rust resistance gene YR86 on wheat chromosome 2AL

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The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 1168-1175页

作者： Qiang Cao Zhanwang Zhu Dengan Xu Jianhui Wu Xiaowan Xu Yan Dong Yingjie Bian Fugong Ding Dehui Zhao Yang Tu Ling Wu Dejun Han caixia lan Xianchun Xia Zhonghu He Yuanfeng Hao College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China Food Crops Institute Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wheat Disease Biology Research Station for Central ChinaWuhan 430064HubeiChina Crop Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610066SichuanChina Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina CIMMYT-China Office C/O CAASBeijing 100081China

Wheat cultivar Zhongmai 895 was earlier found to carry YR86 in an 11.6 Mb recombination-suppressed region on chromosome 2AL when crossed with Yangmai *** fine-map the YR86 locus,we developed two large F2 populations from crosses Emai 580/Zhongmai 895 and Avocet S/Zhongmai ***,both populations exhibited suppressed recombination in the same 2AL *** analysis across Chinese Spring,Aikang 58,and 10+wheat genomes revealed a 4.1 Mb chromosomal inversion spanning 708.5-712.6 Mb in the Chinese Spring reference *** markers were developed in the breakpoint and were used to assess a wheat cultivar panel,revealing that Chinese Spring,Zhongmai 895,and Jimai 22 shared a common sequence named InvCS,whereas Aikang 58,Yangmai 16,Emai 580,and Avocet S shared the sequence named *** inverted configuration explained the suppressed recombination observed in all three bi-parental *** recombination was observed in a Jimai 22/Zhongmai 895 F2 population,facilitating mapping of YR86 to a genetic interval of 0.15 cM corresponding to 710.27-712.56 Mb falling within the inverted ***-three high-confidence genes were annotated in the interval using the Chinese Spring reference genome,with six identified as potential candidates for YR86 based on genome and transcriptome *** results will accelerate map-based cloning of YR86 and its deployment in wheat breeding.

关键词： Adult-plant resistance Chromosomal inversion Puccinia striiformis Triticum aestivum

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小麦抗条锈病和白粉病的遗传及育种

中国农业科学 2024年第1期57卷 1-3页

作者：李顺达兰彩霞华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/湖北洪山实验室

小麦是全球最主要粮食作物之一，在生长发育过程中面临不同生物胁迫或非生物胁迫。其中，由真菌性病原菌所引起的小麦条锈病和白粉病是限制小麦产量的重要因素，发病严重时可分别造成小麦产量损失高达60%和50%。利用抗病基因培育抗病品... 详细信息

小麦是全球最主要粮食作物之一，在生长发育过程中面临不同生物胁迫或非生物胁迫。其中，由真菌性病原菌所引起的小麦条锈病和白粉病是限制小麦产量的重要因素，发病严重时可分别造成小麦产量损失高达60%和50%。利用抗病基因培育抗病品种是目前防制这些病害最为经济、环保且有效的措施。

关键词：小麦粮食作物生长发育

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高师院校地球概论课程对天文科普的作用

科学教育与博物馆 2024年第4期10卷 78-83页

作者：陈禹光蓝彩霞闽江师范高等专科学校福建师范大学地理研究所福建师范大学地理科学学院、碳中和未来技术学院

基于多年来开展的教学工作与社会实践,着重探讨高等师范院校中地理科学专业人才在天文科普及天文教育中的作用,并基于高校地球概论课程,提出人才培养方面存在的问题和针对性解决方案,从而为天文科普事业的人才补充开拓新的途径。

关键词：科学普及天文教育地球概论地理科学

An AFLP marker linked to the leaf rust resistanc gene LrBi16 and test of allelism with Lr14a on chromosome arm 7BL

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The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 152-156页

作者： Peipei Zhang Huixin Zhou caixia lan Zaifeng Li Daqun Liu Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant Protection Hebei Agricultural University College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

Leaf rust(LR), caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the most widespread diseases of common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. The LR resistance gene Lr Bi16 has been mapped on chromosome arm 7BL in Chinese wheat cultivar Bimai 16 and was closely linked to SSR loci Xcfa2257 and Xgwm344 with genetic distances of 2.8 c M and 2.9 c M, respectively. In the present study, a total of 304 AFLP primer pairs were used to screen Bimai 16 and Thatcher and resistant and susceptible DNA bulks. The polymorphic AFLP marker P-ATT/M-CGC173 bp was used to genotype F2 and F3populations to identify markers more closely linked to Lr Bi16. Marker P-ATT/M-CGC173 bp was tightly linked to Lr Bi16 with a genetic distance of0.5 c M. As Lr Bi16 was mapped near the Lr14 a locus, 809 F2 plants from the Bimai 16/RL6013(Lr14a) cross were inoculated with the Pt pathotype FHNQ to test the allelism of Lr14 a and Lr Bi16. All of the F2 plants were resistant to FHNQ(IT between; and 2), suggesting that Lr14 a and Lr Bi16 are allelic.

关键词： Amplified fragment length polymorphism Genetic linkage Molecular mapping Puccinia triticina

普通小麦Arableu#1白粉病成株抗性遗传解析

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中国农业科学 2024年第1期57卷 52-64页

作者：李子萌袁婵张宇庆任妍刘鹏鹏严珊珊袭梦涵穆培源兰彩霞华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/湖北洪山实验室湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所河南农业大学农学院新疆农垦科学院作物研究所

【目的】中国是世界上最重要的小麦生产国和消费国之一，确保小麦产量稳定对我国粮食安全具有重要意义。小麦白粉病是限制小麦产量的重要因素之一。选育抗病品种是控制该病害最经济、有效环保的途径，挖掘新成株抗性基因/位点为选育持... 详细信息

【目的】中国是世界上最重要的小麦生产国和消费国之一，确保小麦产量稳定对我国粮食安全具有重要意义。小麦白粉病是限制小麦产量的重要因素之一。选育抗病品种是控制该病害最经济、有效环保的途径，挖掘新成株抗性基因/位点为选育持久抗病小麦品种提供依据。【方法】由国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）培育的普通小麦品系Arableu#1在苗期对白粉病表现为感病，而成株期呈现高水平抗性。为深入解析其抗病遗传机制，利用Arableu#1与高感品系Apav#1杂交，构建一个含有142个家系的F5重组自交系群体，采用基因分型测序（genotyping-by-sequencing,GBS）平台测序，获得4 298个在亲本间具有多态性的分子标记，并进行群体检测，所获基因型用于构建整个群体的遗传连锁图。【结果】结合白粉病连续2年田间表型和基因型数据，使用IciMapping 4.1对田间病害严重度、病程曲线下面积（AUDPC）和病害多年平均严重度（MFDS）等性状进行QTL定位分析，在该群体中定位了4个来自Arableu#1的白粉病成株抗性位点，分别位于染色体1BL、5BL、6BS和7BL上，以及2个来自Apav#1的抗性位点，分别位于染色体2DS和4BL上，可解释白粉病表型变异介于3.1%—28.5%。6个位点聚合时的群体平均病害严重度达到各位点组合中的最低水平，***-1BL、***-4BL、***-5BL和***-7BL 4个位点聚合后的效应仅次于6个位点同时存在。【结论】将2个新位点***-5BL和***-7BL的两翼分子标记开发成KASP标记，经对570份世界各地育成品种或地方品种检测，2个位点单独存在或聚合在一起时均表现出不同程度的白粉病抗性，且这两个位点在我国小麦材料中的分布频率较CIMMYT的小麦种质中低。获得1个可能同时聚合6个白粉病抗性位点家系，其田间白粉病抗性可达近免疫水平。

关键词：小麦白粉病成株抗性数量性状基因定位

Progress Towards Genetics and Breeding for Minor Genes Based Resistance to Ug99 and Other Rusts in CIMMYT High-Yielding Spring Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 255-261页

作者： Ravi Prakash Singh Sybil Herrera-Foessel Julio Huerta-Espino Sukhwinder Singh Sridhar Bhavani caixia lan Bhoja Raj Basnet CIMMYT Apdo.Postal 6-641Mexico DF 06600Mexico INIFAP-CEVAMEX Apdo.Postal 10Chapingo 56230Mexico CIMMYT ICRAF BuildingNairobi 00621Kenya

Wheat rusts continue to cause significant losses worldwide despite major efforts given to their genetic control. This is due to frequent evolution and selection of virulence in pathogen overcoming the deployed race-specific resistance genes. Although the life of effective race-specific resistance genes can be prolonged by using gene combinations, an alternative approach being implemented at CIMMYT is to deploy varieties that posses adult plant resistance （APR） based on combinations of minor, slow rusting genes. When present alone, the APR genes do not confer adequate resistance especially under high disease pressure; however, combinations of 4 or 5 minor genes usually result in ＂near-immunity＂ or a high level of resistance. Although only a few APR genes are catalogued, various APR QTLs are now known and could lead to further characterization of additional genes. Four characterized genes have pleiotropic effects in conferring partial APR to all 3 rusts and powdery mildew, thus simplifying the task of breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to multiple diseases. Significant progress was made recently in developing high-yielding wheat germplasm that possesses high levels of APR to all three rusts by implementing a Mexico- Kenya shuttle breeding scheme. Parents with APR to Ug99 were hybridized with high-yielding parents that had adequate to high levels of APR to leaf rust and yellow rust. Segregating populations and advanced lines from these crosses were selected under high rust pressures in Mexico （leaf rust and yellow rust） and Kenya （Ug99 stem rust and yellow rust） to identify high- yielding progenies that possess high to adequate APR to all three rusts. International distribution of these high-yielding wheats is underway through CIMMYT intemational yield trials and screening nurseries. It is expected that several wheat varieties with APR to three rusts will be released and grown in various countries in the near-future that will allow determining the durability o

关键词： Triticum aestivum Puccinia graminis Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis genetics breeding wheat rustresistance

查安生从阴常不足论治老年慢性萎缩性胃炎经验

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中医药临床杂志 2024年第3期36卷 438-442页

作者：吴子函查安生金春春段莹莹兰彩霞安徽中医药大学安徽合肥230038 安徽中医药大学第一附属医院安徽合肥230031

慢性萎缩性胃炎是消化系统常见疾病,随着中国人口老龄化进程的不断推进,老年患者的患病人数也在逐年上升,针对CAG的治疗,中医药具有独特的优势。查安生提出,老年患者阴常不足,再因肝郁、湿热、血瘀等,致使胃阴耗伤。胃阴者,胃之津液也,... 详细信息

慢性萎缩性胃炎是消化系统常见疾病,随着中国人口老龄化进程的不断推进,老年患者的患病人数也在逐年上升,针对CAG的治疗,中医药具有独特的优势。查安生提出,老年患者阴常不足,再因肝郁、湿热、血瘀等,致使胃阴耗伤。胃阴者,胃之津液也,乃胃腑之根本,胃之受纳腐熟必依赖于胃阴的濡养,胃阴日久不复,胃体失养,通降不能,发为萎缩。在治疗上查师提出以甘凉濡润之药,补胃阴之不足,使胃络得养,再配以疏肝泄热、化湿清热、活血和络等法,荡涤胃腑邪气,阴复则胃得养,邪去则胃体安,最终使通降恢复,萎缩复原。

关键词：老年慢性萎缩性胃炎阴常不足名医经验查安生

查安生从伏邪论治难治性幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病经验

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中医药临床杂志 2024年第1期36卷 53-57页

作者：段莹莹查安生金春春兰彩霞吴子函安徽中医药大学安徽合肥230022 安徽中医药大学第一附属医院安徽合肥230031

伏邪作为潜藏体内,过时发病的病邪,论治反复发作、缠绵难愈的慢性疾病疗效确切。作为最顽固的慢性致病菌之一,幽门螺杆菌感染率高,可引起多种消化系统疾病。然而由于多种因素,近年来幽门螺杆菌根除失败率也明显增加,难治性幽门螺杆菌感... 详细信息

伏邪作为潜藏体内,过时发病的病邪,论治反复发作、缠绵难愈的慢性疾病疗效确切。作为最顽固的慢性致病菌之一,幽门螺杆菌感染率高,可引起多种消化系统疾病。然而由于多种因素,近年来幽门螺杆菌根除失败率也明显增加,难治性幽门螺杆菌感染相关性胃病成为相关工作者急需解决的问题。查师认为难治性幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病与伏邪致病特点相似,并基于伏邪理论指出其基本病机及治疗策略,临床获效甚佳。

关键词：伏邪 RHPI相关性胃病名医经验

Three co-located resistance genes confer resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in wheat variety Borlaug 100

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 490-497页

作者： Bowei Ye Ravi P.Singh Chan Yuan Demei Liu Mandeep S.Randhawa Julio Huerta-Espino Sridhar Bhavani Evans Lagudah caixia lan College of Plant Science&Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Apdo.Postal 6-64106600 Mexico D.F.Mexico Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of ScienceXining 810008QinghaiChina Campo Experimental Valle de México INIFAP Apdo.Postal 1056230ChapingoEdo.de MexicoMexico CSIRO Agriculture&Food GPO Box 1600CanberraACT 2601Australia

Leaf rust(LR) and stripe rust(YR) are important diseases in wheat producing areas worldwide and cause severe yield losses under favorable environmental conditions when susceptible varieties are grown. We determined the genetic basis of resistance to LR and YR in variety Borlaug 100 by developing and phenotyping a population of 198 F6 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross with the susceptible parent Apav#1. LR and YR phenotyping were conducted for 4 and 3 seasons, respectively, at CIMMYT research stations in Mexico under artificial epidemics. Mendelian segregation analyses indicated that 3–5 LR and 2 YR genes conferred resistance in Borlaug 100. Lr46/Yr29(1 BL), Yr17(2 AS) and Yr30(3 BS) were present in the resistant parent and segregated in the RIL population based on characterization by molecular markers linked to these genes. When present alone, Lr46/Yr29 caused average 13% and 16% reductions in LR and YR severities, respectively, in RILs. Similarly, Yr17 and Yr30 reduced YR severities by 57% and 11%, respectively. The Yr30 and the Yr17 translocation were also associated with 27% and 14% reductions, respectively, in LR severity, indicating that the 3 BS and 2 AS chromosomal regions likely carry new slow rusting LR resistance genes, temporarily designated as Lr B1 and Lr B2, respectively. Additive effects of Yr30*Yr17, Yr29*Yr17 and Yr29*Yr30 on YR and LR were significant and reduced YR severities by 56%,55%, and 45%, respectively, and LR severities by 34%, 40%, and 45%, respectively. Furthermore, interaction between the three genes was also significant, with mean reductions of 70% for YR and 54% for LR severities. Borlaug 100, or any one of the 21 lines with variable agronomic traits but carrying all three colocated resistance loci, can be used as resistance sources in wheat breeding programs.

关键词： Co-located resistance loci Common wheat Gene interaction Puccinia triticina Puccinia striiformis Triticum aestivum