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Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin‑producing *** challenged weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1278-1291页

作者： Matthias Dierick Ruben Ongena Daisy Vanrompay Bert Devriendt Eric cox Laboratory of Immunology Department of Translational PhysiologyInfectiology and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversitySalisburylaan 1339820 MerelbekeBelgium Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure links 6539000 GhentBelgium

Background Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+Escherichia coli(***)infections resulting in post-weaning diar-rhoea or oedema *** used management strategies,including colistin and zinc oxide,have contrib-uted to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial *** antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being *** has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic *** strains,both in vitro and in *** We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin(bLF)on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned ***,we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon Shiga toxin-producing ***(STEC)***,2 in vivo trials were conducted:a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial,using an F18+STEC *** did not affect theα-andβ-***,bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance(RA)for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal *** analysing the immune response upon infection,the STEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels,whereas this response was absent in the bLF *** Taken together,the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on theα-andβ-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned ***,it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifi-dobacterium genus,which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut ***,bLF administration during STEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.

关键词： E.coli Immune modulation Lactoferrin Microbiome

Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 749-764页

作者： Kwangwook Kim Cynthia Jinno Xunde Li David Bravo Eric cox Peng Ji Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los AngelesCA 90084USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Pancosma|ADM 1180 RolleSwitzerland Nutreco Exploration NutrecoThe Netherlands Department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic ***(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to *** objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC *** Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and *** relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(q2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(P<0.05)relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(P<0.05)Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(PI)compared with d 5 *** The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is ***,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota Enterotoxigenic E.coli F18 Metabolomics Oligosaccharide-based polymer Weaned pigs

Quantum-mechanical effects in photoluminescence from thin crystalline gold films

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 783-794页

作者： Alan R.Bowman Alvaro Rodríguez Echarri Fatemeh Kiani Fadil Iyikanat Ted V.Tsoulos Joel D.cox Ravishankar Sundararaman F.Javier García de Abajo Giulia Tagliabue Laboratory of Nanoscience for Energy Technologies(LNET) STIÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels(Barcelona)Spain. MBI–Max-Born-Institut BerlinGermany. POLIMA–Center for Polariton-driven Light–Matter Interactions University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Department of Materials Science&Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. Department of Physics Applied Physicsand AstronomyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. ICREA–Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats BarcelonaSpain

Luminescence constitutes a unique source of insight into hot carrier processes in metals,including those in plasmonic nanostructures used for sensing and energy ***,being weak in nature,metal luminescence remains poorly understood,its microscopic origin strongly debated,and its potential for unraveling nanoscale carrier dynamics largely ***,we reveal quantum-mechanical effects in the luminescence emanating from thin monocrystalline gold ***,we present experimental evidence,supported by first-principles simulations,to demonstrate its photoluminescence origin(i.e.,radiative emission from electron/hole recombination)when exciting in the interband *** model allows us to identify changes to the measured gold luminescence due to quantum-mechanical effects as the gold film thickness is ***,such effects are observable in the luminescence signal from flakes up to 40 nm in thickness,associated with the out-of-plane discreteness of the electronic band structure near the Fermi *** qualitatively reproduce the observations with first-principles modeling,thus establishing a unified description of luminescence in gold monocrystalline flakes and enabling its widespread application as a probe of carrier dynamics and light-matter interactions in this *** study paves the way for future explorations of hot carriers and charge-transfer dynamics in a multitude of material systems.

关键词： luminescence quantum crystalline

Application of Connected Truck Data to Evaluate Spatiotemporal Impact of Rest Area Closures on Ramp Parking

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 289-307页

作者： Jijo K. Mathew Jairaj Desai Edward D. cox Darcy M. Bullock Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Indiana Department of Transportation Indianapolis IN USA

Ensuring adequate access to truck parking is critical to the safe and efficient movement of freight traffic. There are strict federal guidelines for commercial truck driver rest periods. Rest areas and private truck stops are the only places for the trucks to stop legally and safely. In locations without sufficient parking areas, trucks often park on interstate ramps, which create safety risks for other interstate motorists. Historically, agencies have employed costly and time intensive manual counting methods, camera surveillance, and driver surveys to assess truck parking. Connected truck data, available in near real-time, offers an efficient alternative to practitioners to assess truck parking patterns and identify areas where there may be insufficient safe parking spaces. This paper presents a case study of interstate I-70 in east central Indiana and documents the observed spatiotemporal impacts of a rest area closure on truck parking on nearby interstate ramps. Results showed that there was a 28% increase in parking on ramps during the rest area closure. Analysis also found that ramps closest to the rest area were most impacted by the closure, seeing a rise in truck parking sessions as high as 2.7 times. Parking duration on the ramps during rest area closure also increased drastically. Although it was expected that this would result in increased parking by trucks on adjacent ramps, this before, during, after scenario provided an ideal scenario to evaluate the robustness of these techniques to assess changing parking characteristics of long-haul commercial trucks. The data analytics and visualization tools presented in this study are scalable nationwide and will aid stakeholders in informed data-driven decision making when allocating resources towards improving the nations commercial vehicle parking infrastructure.

关键词： Connected Truck Data Rest Areas Exit Ramps Truck Parking Commercial Vehicles

The W3C Data Catalog Vocabulary,Version 2:Rationale,Design Principles,and Uptake

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Data Intelligence 2024年第2期6卷 457-487页

作者： Riccardo Albertoni David Browning Simon cox Alejandra N.Gonzalez-Beltran Andrea Perego Peter Winstanley Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche"Enrico Magenes" Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(IMATI-CNR)GenoaItaly Independent Consultant United Kingdom LandandWater CSiROMelbourneAustralia Scientific Computing Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryScience and Technology Facilities CouncilHarwell Cam-pusOx110QXUnited Kingdom European Parliament Luxembourg Semantic Arts Fort CollinsCO80524USA

DCAT is an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the *** its first release in 2014 as a W3C Recommendation,DCAT has seen a wide adoption across communities and domains,particularly in conjunction with implementing the FAIR data principles(forfindable,accessible,interoperable and reusable data).These implementation experiences,besides demonstrating the fitness of DCAT to meet its intended purpose,helped identify existing issues and ***,over the last few years,additional requirements emerged in data catalogs,given the increasing practice of documenting not only datasets but also data services and *** paper illustrates the new version of DCAT,explaining the rationale behind its main revisions and extensions,based on the collected use cases and requirements,and outlines the issues yet to be addressed in future versions of DCAT.

关键词： Data Catalogs Interoperability Discoverability FAIR data

Clinical progress of nanomedicine-based RNA therapies

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第6期7卷 203-213页

作者： Siyoung A.Lim Alysia cox Madelynn Tung Eun Ji Chung Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

The clinical application of nanoparticles(NPs)to deliver RNA for therapy has progressed rapidly since the FDA approval of Onpattro®in 2018 for the treatment of polyneuropathy associated with hereditary transthyretin *** emergency use authorization or approval and widespread global use of two mRNA-NP based vaccines developed by Moderna Therapeutics *** Pfizer-BioNTech in 2021 has highlighted the translatability of NP technology for RNA ***,in clinical trials,a wide variety of NP formulations have been found to extend the half-life of RNA molecules such as microRNA,small interfering RNA,and messenger RNA,with limited safety *** this review,we discuss the NP formulations that are already used in the clinic to deliver therapeutic RNA and highlight examples of RNA-NPs which are currently under evaluation for human *** also detail NP formulations that failed to progress through clinical trials,in hopes of guiding future successful translation of nanomedicine-based RNA therapeutics into the clinic.

关键词： Nanoparticles RNA therapy Drug delivery Nanomedicine Clinical trials COVID-19

Drug Repurposing for the Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus Infections

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感染微生物与疾病(英文) 2023年第3期5卷 101-110页

作者： Emily J.Baker Antonia Molloy Jonathan A.G.cox School of Life and Health Sciences Aston UniversityAston TriangleBirminghamUK.

With the ever-increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance,the demand to introduce countermeasures becomes increasingly *** urgency of this need is intensified by the void in antibiotic discovery,with the identification of novel compounds declining with *** increasing concern is Mycobacterium abscessus,which displays high levels of intrinsic resistance that lead to poor success rates,even after lengthy drug *** tackling these issues is now focused on the repurposing of preexisting drugs for antimycobacterial use,facilitating the discovery of antimicrobial compounds amidst a crisis where novel antibiotics are *** of this includes the use of combination treatments,whereby coadministration of synergistic compounds can reduce dose requirements and slow the progression of antimicrobial resistance in the long *** this review,we will introduce the current therapeutic options for *** and provide insight into why treatment is so *** will also compile the current updates within drug repurposing for this pathogen,including the use of unconventional agents such as antimalarial drugs,the repositioning of antitubercu-losis candidates and the repurposing of preexisting antibiotics,including the application of combination *** addition,the in vitro drug screening platforms used in their discovery will be appraised,with the view of highlighting potential future perspectives that may help increase physiological *** review provides a timely appraisal of the future of *** treatment.

关键词： drug repurposing Mycobacterium abscessus antimycobacterial drug discovery antimicrobials

On the Base Point Locus of Surface Parametrizations:Formulas and Consequences

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2022年第4期10卷 757-783页

作者： David A.cox Sonia Pérez-Díaz J.Rafael Sendra Department of Mathematics and Statistics Amherst CollegeAmherstMA 01002USA Universidad de Alcalá Dpto.de Física y Matemáticas28871 MadridSpain

This paper shows that the multiplicity of the base point locus of a projective rational surface parametrization can be expressed as the degree of the content of a univariate *** a consequence,we get a new proof of the degree formula relating the degree of the surface,the degree of the parametrization,the base point multiplicity and the degree of the rational map induced by the *** addition,we extend both formulas to the case of dominant rational maps of the projective plane and describe how the base point loci of a parametrization and its reparametrizations are *** an application of these results,we explore how the degree of a surface reparametrization is affected by the presence of base points.

关键词： Base point Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity Surface parametrization Reparametrization Parametrization degree Surface degree

Supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal integrity and systemic immunity

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 802-815页

作者： Kwangwook Kim Yijie He Cynthia Jinno Lauren Kovanda Xunde Li David Bravo Eric cox Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Pancosma ADM 1180 RolleSwitzerland Department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium

Background:There is a great demand for antibiotic alternatives to maintain animal health and *** objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation of a blood group A6 type 1antigen oligosaccharides-based polymer(Coligo)on growth performance,diarrhea severity,intestinal health,and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC),when compared with ***:Pigs in antibiotic carbadox or Coligo treatment groups had greater(P<0.05)body weight on d 5 or d 11post-inoculation(PI)than pigs in the control group,*** of antibiotics or Coligo enhanced(P<0.05)feed efficiency from d 0 to 5 PI and reduced(P<0.05)frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment,compared with pigs in the control *** of antibiotics reduced(P<0.05)fecalβ-hemolytic coliforms on d 2,5,and 8 *** in antibiotics or Coligo groups had reduced(P<0.05)neutrophil counts and serum haptoglobin concentration compared to pigs in the control group on d 2 and 5 *** in Coligo had reduced(P<0.05)total coliforms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 5 and 11 PI,whereas pigs in antibiotics or Coligo groups had reduced(P<0.05)total coliforms in spleen on d 11 PI compared with pigs in the control *** d 5 PI,pigs in the Coligo group had greater(P<0.05)gene expression of ZO1 in jejunal mucosa,but less(P<0.05)m RNA expression of IL1B,IL6,and TNF in ileal mucosa,in comparison with pigs in the control *** of antibiotics enhanced(P<0.05)the gene expression of OCLN in jejunal mucosa but decreased(P<0.05)IL1B and IL6 gene expression in ileal mucosa,compared with the *** d 11 PI,supplementation of antibiotics or Coligo up-regulated(P<0.05)gene expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa,but Coligo reduced(P<0.05)IL6 gene expression in ileal mucosa compared to pigs in the control ***:Supplementation of Coligo improved growth performance,al

关键词： Enterotoxigenic E.coli Growth rate Intestinal barrier function Oligosaccharide-based polymer Systemic immunity Weaned pigs