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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第2期18卷 104-113页

作者： Kyungyeon Ra caitlin Proctor Christian Ley Danielle Angert Yoorae Noh Tolulope Odimayomi Andrew J.Whelton Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University550 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA Agricultural and Biological Engineering Division of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Colorado1111 Engineering DriveBoulderCO80309USA Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Texas301E E Dean Keeton StreetAustinTX78712USA Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech750 Drillfield DriveBlacksburgVA24061USA Lyles School of Civil Engineering Division of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringPurdue University550 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA

A reduction in building occupancy can lead to stagnant water in plumbing,and the potential consequences for water quality have gained increasing *** investigate this,a study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic,focusing on water quality in four institutional *** of these buildings were old(>58 years)and large(>19,000 m2),while the other two were new(>13 years)and small(m2).The study revealed significant decreases in water usage in the small buildings,whereas usage remained unchanged in the large *** analysis found that residual chlorine was rarely detectable in cold/drinking water ***,the pH,dissolved oxygen,total organic carbon,and total cell count levels in the first draw of cold water samples were similar across all ***,the ranges of heavy metal concentrations in large buildings were greater than observed in small ***(Cu),lead(Pb),and manganese(mn)sporadically exceeded drinking water limits at cold water fixtures,with maximum concentrations of 2.7 mg Cu L^(-1),45.4 mg Pb L^(-1),1.9 mg mn L^(-1).Flushing the plumbing for 5 min resulted in detectable residual at fixtures in three buildings,but even after 125 min of flushing in largest and oldest building,no residual chlorine was detected at the fixture closest to the building's point of *** the pandemic,the building owner conducted fixture flushing,where one to a few fixtures were operated per visit in buildings with hundreds of fixtures and multiple ***,further research is needed to understand the fundamental processes that control faucet water quality from the service line to the *** the absence of this knowledge,building owners should create and use as-built drawings to develop flushing plans and conduct periodic water testing.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic Stagnation Drinking water quality Flushing

CD8+T cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKm supports antitumor immunity

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand P.Sharda mackenzie m.Lieberman caitlin m.James Shivana m.Lightman Jason H.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany R.Emmons Thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou Andrew m.Intlekofer Richard m.Higashi Teresa W.m.Fan Andrew N.Lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm H.Segal Elizabeth A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Department of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Department of medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:massachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

metabolic flexibility has emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+T-cell antitumor activity,yet the mechanisms driving the metabolic flexibility of T cells have not been *** this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding complex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on mature T *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+T cells with flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mRNAs and affected approximately one-third of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** these effects,the CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed the expression of the m1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKm2,a key determinant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma production,and antitumor effector ***,PKm alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation,revealing a novel means by which costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mRNA splicing CD8 T cells ARS2 PKm2

Comparison of the demographic characteristics of pediatric and adult colorectal cancer patients: a national inpatient sample based analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第1期15卷 37-41页

作者： Thomas m.Attard caitlin E.Lawson University of missouri Kansas City Kansas CityMOUSA Pediatric Gastroenterology Children's Mercy Hospital2401Gillham RdKansas CityMO 64108USA Division of Genetics Children's Mercy HospitalKansas CityMOUSA

Background Colorectal cancer in children is rare,but characterized by late presentation,unfavorable histology and poor *** factors for colorectal cancer in children overlap with those for adults with greater influence of hereditary *** epidemiology of colon cancer in children is poorly understood;the aim of this study was to characterize and compare the demographics and relevant clinical characteristics of pediatric and adult colon cancer,using a national inpatient *** The AHRQ online resource HCUPnet/KID database was queried for children,under the age of 18 admitted with ICD 9 Cm diagnoses relating to colorectal cancer,at the time of *** comparison,the corresponding diagnoses in adult patients were queried for each successive *** demographics including residential type and median income by zip-code,tumor localization;if recorded,and mean hospital charges were all accrued and *** Inpatient admissions for pediatric colorectal cancer were more likely male (54%),in the 15-17 years age bracket (57%).They were significantly more likely from Southwestern regions of the Unites States,and were significantly more likely from residential zip-codes identified as at or below the lowest income quartile than adult CRC patients or pediatric patients as a *** charges have more than quadrupled over the time period studied (1997-2012).Conclusions Pediatric colorectal cancer is the most common primary gastrointestinal malignancy in *** understanding associated risk factors including those associated with gender,geographic region and social economic status may contribute to future prevention or early detection strategies.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colorectal neoplasms Demography International classification of diseases Pediatric risk factors

Bayesian modeling of dynamic behavioral change during an epidemic

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Infectious Disease modelling 2023年第4期8卷 947-963页

作者： caitlin Ward Rob Deardon Alexandra m.Schmidt Division of Biostatistics University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Faculty of Veterinary medicine University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Department of mathematics and Statistics University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Department of Epidemiology Biostatisticsand Occupational HealthMontrealQCCanada

For many infectious disease outbreaks,the at-risk population changes their behavior in response to the outbreak severity,causing the transmission dynamics to change in *** change is often ignored in epidemic modeling efforts,making these models less useful than they could *** address this by introducing a novel class of datadriven epidemic models which characterize and accurately estimate behavioral *** proposed model allows time-varying transmission to be captured by the level of“alarm”in the population,with alarm specified as a function of the past epidemic *** investigate the estimability of the population alarm across a wide range of scenarios,applying both parametric functions and non-parametric functions using splines and Gaussian *** model is set in the data-augmented Bayesian framework to allow estimation on partially observed epidemic *** benefit and utility of the proposed approach is illustrated through applications to data from real epidemics.

关键词： Bayesian inference Compartmental model SIR SEIR Transmission modeling

Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of iron amino porphyrins using a flow cell for reduction of CO_(2) to CO

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第7期30卷 162-169页

作者： maryam Abdinejad caitlin Dao Xiao-An Zhang Heinz Bernhard Kraatz Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough1265 Military TrailTorontoON M1C 1A4Canada Department of Chemistry University of Toronto80 St.George StreetTorontoON M5S 3H6Canada

The flexibility of molecular catalysts is highly coveted for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) to carbon monoxide(CO) in both homogeneous and heterogeneous *** the electrocatalytic activity of molecular catalysts has been widely studied in H-cells;their less studied capabilities in more efficient flow cell reactors have the potential to rival that of heterogeneous *** this work,a comparative study of amino functionalized iron-tetraphenylporphyrins(amino-Fe-TPPs) immobilized onto carbonaceous materials in both H-cells and flow cells was conducted to selectively reduce CO_(2) to *** a flow cell set up operating in alkaline media,the resulting hybrid catalyst exhibits 87% faradaic efficiency(FE) with extraordinary current density(j) of 119 mA/cm^(2) and turnover frequency(TOF) of 14 s^(-1) at-1.0 V *** remarkable catalytic activity was achieved through thoughtful combination of molecular and flow cell design that provides an effective strategy for future immobilized heterogeneous approaches toward CO_(2) reduction reactions(CO_(2) RRs).

关键词： Carbon dioxide reduction Carbon dioxide capture Heterogeneous electrocatalysis Iron porphyrin Amino porphyrins CO_(2)RR and flow cell

Development of a narrow-band imaging classification to reduce the need for routine biopsies of gastric polyps

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第3期9卷 219-225,I0002页

作者： Ivor B.Asztalos caitlin A.Colling Anna m.Buchner Vinay Chandrasekhara Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Internal medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Background most incidental gastric polyps identified during upper endoscopy are considered ***,current guidelines recommend sampling all gastric polyps for histopathologic *** aimed to devise a simple narrow-band imaging(NBI)classification to reduce the need for routine biopsies of low-risk gastric *** Pairs of NBI and white-light images were collected from 73 gastric polyps for which concurrent histopathologic diagnosis was available.A diagnostic accuracy cohort study was *** blinded endoscopists independently analysed NBI features of each polyp for color,vessel pattern,surface pattern,and any combinations thereof to develop a classification scheme to differentiate low-risk polyps(fundic-gland or hyperplastic)from high-risk polyps(adenomatous or adenocarcinoma)and fundic-gland polyps(FGPs)from *** An isolated lacy vessel pattern and a homogenous absence of surface pattern successfully differentiated low-risk from high-risk gastric *** both descriptors into a single algorithm resulted in a negative predictive value(NPV)of 100%[95%confidence interval(CI):100%–100%],positive predictive value(PPV)of 13.7%(95%CI:2.6–24.8),sensitivity of 100%(95%CI:100%–100%),and specificity of 53.7%(95%CI:45.3%–62.0%)for high-risk *** would reduce the number of polyps requiring biopsy by 50%,while still capturing all high-risk *** FGPs,using a rule not to biopsy polyps with isolated lacy vessels resulted in a 94.9%NPV(95%CI:89.2%–100%),63.2%PPV(95%CI:47.2%–79.2%),94.8%sensitivity(95%CI:89.5%–100%),and 63.6%specificity(95%CI:51.3%–76.0%)for *** In this derivation cohort study,NBI is helpful for differentiating between high-risk and low-risk gastric polyps,thereby reducing the need for routine sampling of low-risk *** results need to be validated in a separate test population.

关键词： gastric polyps narrow-band imaging gastric cancer malignancy endoscopy

The impact of ipsilateral testicular atrophy on semen quality and sperm DNA fragmentation response to varicocele repair

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第2期23卷 146-149页

作者： Parviz K Kavoussi Natasha Abdullah melissa S Gilkey caitlin Hunn G Luke machen Shu-Hung Chen Keikhosrow m Kavoussi Amy Esqueda J David Wininger Shahryar K Kavoussi Austin Fertility and Reproductive medicine/Westlake IVF 300 Beardsley LaneBuilding BSuite 200AustinTX 78746USA

Varicoceles adversely impact semen quality and sperm DNA fragmentation,which typically improve with surgical *** men with varicoceles have ipsilateral testicular atrophy due to damage from the *** study assessed semen quality and the sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI)response to varicocele repair in men with ipsilateral testicular atrophy(TA)versus men with no testicular atrophy(NTA).Semen parameter values and DFI in both groups were compared preoperatively and *** mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used where *** were 20 men in the TA group and 121 men in the NTA group with no difference in age,varicocele grade,or preoperative semen parameter values between the two *** NTA group had a higher preoperative DFI than the TA *** groups showed improvement in semen quality postoperatively,only the TA group showed a significant improvement in DFI,whereas the NTA group showed significant improvements in several parameter values and *** change from preoperative to postoperative parameter values when comparing the two groups revealed a difference in total sperm motile count and DFI,with a larger mean improvement in the NTA group than in the TA *** TA and NTA groups showed improved semen quality and DFI after varicocele repair,but the NTA group had more improvement than the TA ***,only total motile count(TmC)and DFI had a significantly greater mean change in preoperative to postoperative response in the NTA group than in the TA group.

关键词： spermatozoa testicular atrophy varicocele

Distribution,structure and biosynthetic gene families of(1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in Sorghum bicolor

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 429-445页

作者： Riksfardini A.Ermawar Helen m.Collins caitlin S.Byrt Natalie S.Betts marilyn Henderson Neil J.Shirley Julian Schwerdt Jelle Lahnstein Geoffrey B.Fincher Rachel A.Burton Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls University of Adelaide

In cereals, the presence of soluble polysaccharides including（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan has downstream implications for human health, animal feed and biofuel applications. Sorghum bicolor（L.） moench is a versatile crop, but there are limited reports regarding the content of such soluble ***, the amount of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan present in sorghum tissues was measured using a megazyme assay. Very low amounts were present in the grain, ranging from 0.16%–0.27%（w/w）, while there was a greater quantity in vegetative tissues at 0.12–1.71%（w/w）. The fine structure of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan, as denoted by the ratio of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl residues,was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） and ranged from 2.6–3：1 in the grain, while ratios in vegetative tissues were lower at 2.1–2.6：1. The distribution of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan was examined using a specific antibody and observed with fl uorescence and transmission electron microscopy. micrographs showed a variable distribution of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan in fl uenced by temporal and spatial factors. The sorghum orthologs of genes implicated in the synthesis of（1,3;1,4）-b-glucan in other cereals, such as the Cellulose synthase-like（Csl） F and H gene families were de *** pro filing of these genes across sorghum tissues was carried out using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, indicating that, as in other cereals, Csl F6 transcripts dominated.

关键词： Cellulose synthase-like genes cell wall composition mixed-linkage glucan grain sorghum

Eelgrass and macroalgae Loss in an Oregon Estuary: Consequences for Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia

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Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research 2023年第1期2卷 267-284页

作者： caitlin L.magel Sally D.Hacker Francis Chan Alicia R.Helms Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve CharlestonOR 97420USA

Estuarine macrophytes are proposed to influence ocean acidification and hypoxia(OAH)via the uptake(release)of inorganic carbon(oxygen)during *** extent to which macrophytes mitigate OAH in estuaries depends on the interaction between variable environmental conditions and macrophyte production over space and *** explore these complexities in detail,we considered the potential causes and consequences of intertidal eelgrass and macroalgae declines in a *** Northwest *** compiled and analyzed a record of eelgrass(Zostera marina)and ulvoid macroalgae along with a broad suite of environmental conditions over 15 years(2004 to 2019)at 3 sites along an estuarine gradient in South Slough,*** analysis showed that declining macrophyte biomass coincided with increasing temperature(water and air),watershed disturbance,and possibly *** with macrophyte loss,diel dissolved oxygen(DO)and pH variability were reduced,indicating an influence of macrophytes on water quality at an ecosystem *** loss was correlated with declining gross production and respiration,which altered the diel dynamics of pH,DO,and partial pressure of carbon dioxide at some *** certain conditions,there was an association between eelgrass biomass and changes in DO and pH of more than 2 mg/l and 0.3 units,*** found that daytime amelioration of low DO and pH was possible at certain locations when macrophyte biomass(especially eelgrass)was ***,our analyses suggested that the efficacy of macrophyte mitigation of OAH depends on macrophyte abundance and the volume and residence time of overlying water.

关键词： Estuary Northwest estuary