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Comparison of the demographic characteristics of pediatric and adult colorectal cancer patients: a national inpatient sample based analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第1期15卷 37-41页

作者： Thomas m.Attard caitlin E.Lawson University of missouri Kansas City Kansas CityMOUSA Pediatric Gastroenterology Children's Mercy Hospital2401Gillham RdKansas CityMO 64108USA Division of Genetics Children's Mercy HospitalKansas CityMOUSA

Background Colorectal cancer in children is rare,but characterized by late presentation,unfavorable histology and poor *** factors for colorectal cancer in children overlap with those for adults with greater influence of hereditary *** epidemiology of colon cancer in children is poorly understood;the aim of this study was to characterize and compare the demographics and relevant clinical characteristics of pediatric and adult colon cancer,using a national inpatient *** The AHRQ online resource HCUPnet/KID database was queried for children,under the age of 18 admitted with ICD 9 Cm diagnoses relating to colorectal cancer,at the time of *** comparison,the corresponding diagnoses in adult patients were queried for each successive *** demographics including residential type and median income by zip-code,tumor localization;if recorded,and mean hospital charges were all accrued and *** Inpatient admissions for pediatric colorectal cancer were more likely male (54%),in the 15-17 years age bracket (57%).They were significantly more likely from Southwestern regions of the Unites States,and were significantly more likely from residential zip-codes identified as at or below the lowest income quartile than adult CRC patients or pediatric patients as a *** charges have more than quadrupled over the time period studied (1997-2012).Conclusions Pediatric colorectal cancer is the most common primary gastrointestinal malignancy in *** understanding associated risk factors including those associated with gender,geographic region and social economic status may contribute to future prevention or early detection strategies.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colorectal neoplasms Demography International classification of diseases Pediatric risk factors

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Going only half the way:cell cycle exit after the G1 restriction point

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 1-2页

作者： Lisa muller Tony Gutschner mechthild Hatzfeld Department of Pathobiochemistry Institute of Molecular MedicineMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergCharles Tanford Protein Research CenterHalleGermany Department of RNA Biology and Pathogenesis Institute of Molecular MedicineMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergCharles Tanford Protein Research CenterHalleGermany

In a recent article published in Nature,james *** et *** that cyclin A2 levels determine whether cells will make an entrance into mitosis or whether cells will leave the cell cycle after having passed the G1/restriction(R)-point implicating that the decision is fully reversible(Fig.1).This ground-breaking study could impact future approaches for cancer treatment by targeting the mitotic clock.

关键词： point cycle

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The development of a high-performance Ni-superalloy additively manufactured heat pipe

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Advances in manufacturing 2022年第4期10卷 610-624页

作者： Sheng Li Khamis Essa james Carr States Chiwanga Andrew Norton moataz m.Attallah School of Electromechanical Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China School of Engineering University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK Henry moseley X-ray Imaging Facility Henry Royce Institute for Advanced MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK European Thermodynamics Ltd 8 Priory Business ParkWistow RoadKibworthLeicestershire LE80RXUK Rolls-Royce plc P.O.Box 31Derby DE248BJUK School of metallurgy and materials University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Additively manufacturing(Am)has been used to manufacture fine structures with structured/engineered porosity in heat management *** this study,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)was used to manufacture a high-performance Ni-superalloy heat pipe,through tailoring LPBF process parameters to fabricate thin wall and *** using novel laser scanning strategies,wick structure heat pipes with maximised surface-area-to-volume ratio,fine features size around 100µm,and controlled porosity were successfully *** and X-ray microtomography(micro-CT)were used to investigate the 3D structure of the void space within the *** test results showed that most of the heat pipes made by LPBF had better performance than the conventionally manufactured *** study also investigated the influences of the process parameters on the porosity volume fraction and the feature *** results showed that LPBF process could fabricate thin structure due to the change of melt pool contact *** relationship between process parameters and bead size reported in this study could help design and manufacture heat pipe with complex fine structure.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) Heat pipe melt pool microtomography(micro-CT)

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Improving estimates of waning immunity rates in stochastic SIRS models with a hierarchical framework

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Infectious Disease modelling 2023年第4期8卷 1127-1137页

作者： Punya Alahakoon james m.mcCaw Peter GTaylor School of mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Population Health University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Kirby Institute University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

As most disease causing pathogens require transmission from an infectious individual to a susceptible individual,continued persistence of the pathogen within the population requires the replenishment of susceptibles through births,immigration,or waning *** the introduction of an unknown infectious disease into a fully susceptible population where it is not known how long immunity is conferred once an individual recovers from ***,initially,the prevalence of disease increases(that is,the infection takes off),the number of infectives will usually decrease to a low level after the first major *** this post-outbreak period,the disease dynamics may be influenced by stochastic effects and there is a non-zero probability that the epidemic will die *** out in this period following the first major outbreak is known as an epidemic *** the disease does not die out,the susceptible population may be replenished by the waning of immunity,and a second wave may *** this study,we investigate if the rate of waning immunity(and other epidemiological parameters)can be reliably estimated from multiple outbreak data,in which some outbreaks display epidemic fade-out and others do *** generated synthetic outbreak data from independent simulations of stochastic SIRS models in multiple *** outbreaks faded-out and some did *** conducted Bayesian parameter estimation under two alternative approaches:independently on each outbreak and under a hierarchical *** conducting independent estimation,the waning immunity rate was poorly estimated and biased towards zero when an epidemic fade-out was ***,under a hierarchical approach,we obtained more accurate and precise posterior estimates for the rate of waning immunity and other epidemiological *** greatest improvement in estimates was obtained for those communities in which epidemic fade-out was observed.

关键词： estimates stochastic estimation

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The Shishugou Fauna of the middle-Late Jurassic Transition Period in the Junggar Basin of Western China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1115-1135页

作者： XU Xing james m.CLARK David A.EBERTH Philip J.CURRIE Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Department of Biological Sciences George Washington UniversityWashington DC20052USA Royal Tyrrell museum of Palaeontology Box 7500DrumhellerAlberta T0J 0Y0Canada Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta 116 Street and 85 AvenueEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

The middle-Late Jurassic transition period is a critical period for the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates,but the global fossil record from this time is relatively *** Shishugou Fauna of this period has recently produced significant fossil remains of dinosaurs and other vertebrate groups,some representing the earliest known members of several dinosaurian groups and other vertebrate groups and some representing the best-known specimens of their *** discoveries are significant for our understanding of the origin and evolution of several vertebrate *** dating indicates that the fauna is aged approximately 159-164 *** with other similarly-aged terrestrial faunas such as Shaximiao and Yanliao show both taxonomic similarities and differences between these faunas and indicate that the Junggar deposits might have preserved the most complete vertebrate fossil record for a middle-Late Jurassic Laurasian terrestrial fauna.

关键词： middle-Late Jurassic Shishugou Fauna Shishugou Formation terrestrial ecosystem Shaximiao Yanliao Junggar Basin

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modified model of Crack Tip Stress Field Considering Dislocation Slip Accumulation and Crack Tip Blunting

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Chinese Journal of mechanical Engineering 2023年第2期36卷 327-340页

作者： Jian Li Bing Yang Shuancheng Wang m.N.james Shoune Xiao Tao Zhu Guangwu Yang State Key Laboratory of Traction Power Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Engineering Computing&MathematicsUniversity of PlymouthPlymouth PL48AAEngland Department of mechanical Engineering Nelson Mandela UniversityPort Elizabeth 6001South Africa

This study uses the digital image correlation technique to measure the crack tip displacement field at various crack lengths in U71mnG rail steel,and the interpolated continuous displacement field was obtained by fitting with a back propagation(BP)neural *** slip and stacking of dislocations affect crack initiation and growth,leading to changes in the crack tip field and the fatigue characteristics of crack *** Christopher-james-Patterson(CJP)model describes the elastic stress field around a growing fatigue crack that experiences plasticity-induced *** the present work,this model is modified by including the effect of the dislocation field on the plastic zone of the crack tip and hence on the elastic field by introducing a plastic flow factorρ,which represents the amount of blunting of the crack *** Levenberg-marquardt(L-m)nonlinear least squares method was used to solve for the stress intensity *** verify the accuracy of this modified CJP model,the theoretical and experimental plastic zone errors before and after modification were compared,and the variation trends of the stress intensity factors and the plastic flow factorρwere *** results show that the CJP model,with the introduction ofρ,exhibits a good blunting *** the low plasticity state,the modified model can accurately describe the experimental plastic zone,and the modified stress intensity factors are more accurate,which proves the effectiveness of dislocation *** plastic flow correction provides a more accurate crack tip field model and improves the CJP crack growth relationship.

关键词： Digital image correlation Back propagation neural network Plastic zone CJP model Dislocation field

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Understanding the impact of disease and vaccine mechanisms on the importance of optimal vaccine allocation

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Infectious Disease modelling 2023年第2期8卷 539-550页

作者： Isobel R.Abell james m.mcCaw Christopher m.Baker School of mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia melbourne Centre for Data Science The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

Vaccination is an important epidemic intervention ***,it is generally unclear how the outcomes of different vaccine strategies change depending on population characteristics,vaccine mechanisms and allocation *** this paper we develop a conceptual mathematical model to simulate strategies for pre-epidemic *** extend the SEIR model to incorporate a range of vaccine mechanisms and disease *** then compare the outcomes of optimal and suboptimal vaccination strategies for three public health objectives(total infections,total symptomatic infections and total deaths)using numerical *** comparison shows that the difference in outcomes between vaccinating optimally and suboptimally depends on vaccine mechanisms,disease characteristics,and objective *** modelling finds vaccines that impact transmission produce better outcomes as transmission is reduced for all *** vaccines that impact the likelihood of symptomatic disease or dying due to infection,the improvement in outcome as we decrease these variables is dependent on the strategy *** a principled model-based process,this work highlights the importance of designing effective vaccine allocation *** conclude that efficient allocation of resources can be just as crucial to the success of a vaccination strategy as the vaccine effectiveness and/or amount of vaccines available.

关键词： mathematical modelling Epidemiology

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Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation for end-stage renal failure in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Current perspectives

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第5期13卷 208-220页

作者： Lakshmi Nagendra Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysore 570015India Department of Endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1Dm)is one of the important causes of chronic kidney disease(CKD)and end-stage renal failure(ESRF).Even with the best available treatment options,management of T1Dm poses significant challenges for clinicians across the world,especially when associated with CKD and *** increases in morbidity and mortality along with marked rise in treatment costs and marked reduction of quality of life are the usual consequences of onset of CKD and progression to ESRF in patients with *** pancreas-kidney transplant(SPK)is an attractive and promising treatment option for patients with advanced CKD/ESRF and T1Dm for potential cure of these diseases and possibly several ***,limited availability of the organs for transplantation,the need for long-term immunosuppression to prevent rejection,peri-and post-operative complications of SPK,lack of resources and the expertise for the procedure in many centers,and the cost implications related to the surgery and postoperative care of these patients are major issues faced by clinicians across the *** clinical update review compiles the latest evidence and current recommendations of SPK for patients with T1Dm and advanced CKD/ESRF to enable clinicians to care for these diseases.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes mellitus Chronic kidney disease End-stage renal failure Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation Perioperative complications Immunosuppression

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Correcting for spatially dependent intrinsic efficiency on a germanium double-sided strip detector to improve nuclear forensics response

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Radiation Detection Technology and methods 2022年第1期6卷 78-87页

作者： Timothy Jacomb-Hood james Fast Craig Department of Nuclear Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWAUSA

Purpose The Germanium Gamma-ray Imager(GeGI)is a planar high-purity germanium(HPGe)imaging detector developed by PHDS Co for far-field *** research investigates the detector’s ability for measuring heterogeneous sources in the near field,placed directly on the detector’s faceplate,to perform isotopic mapping for nuclear forensic *** The intrinsic efficiency is strongly dependent on where the photons interact within the *** efficiency varies by up to 20%within the sensitive volume of the *** efficiency was mapped using eight different photons from 123 to 1274 keV emitted from a collimated 154Eu *** were measured at 108 locations to interpolate the efficiency at any point on the detector’s *** The position and energy dependence are uncorrelated,and thus,the absolute efficiency at any position and for any gamma-ray energy can be calculated by the convolution of the spatial and energy *** The results on this research show that detection efficiency for a planar two-sided strip HPGe is spatially dependent and shows typical energy *** spatial dependence,which does not have any additional energy dependence,can be corrected.A 154Eu source was used in this research and was able to spatially calibrate for photon energies ranging from 100 to 1300 *** method is applicable for sources with higher gamma *** advantages of the method demonstrated that after initial in-laboratory calibration,a single measurement in the field can be used to efficiently calibrate the HPGe as a function of photon interaction on the crystal.

关键词： Nuclear forensics Radiation detection Gamma-ray imaging

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Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of iron amino porphyrins using a flow cell for reduction of CO_(2) to CO

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第7期30卷 162-169页

作者： maryam Abdinejad caitlin Dao Xiao-An Zhang Heinz Bernhard Kraatz Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough1265 Military TrailTorontoON M1C 1A4Canada Department of Chemistry University of Toronto80 St.George StreetTorontoON M5S 3H6Canada

The flexibility of molecular catalysts is highly coveted for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) to carbon monoxide(CO) in both homogeneous and heterogeneous *** the electrocatalytic activity of molecular catalysts has been widely studied in H-cells;their less studied capabilities in more efficient flow cell reactors have the potential to rival that of heterogeneous *** this work,a comparative study of amino functionalized iron-tetraphenylporphyrins(amino-Fe-TPPs) immobilized onto carbonaceous materials in both H-cells and flow cells was conducted to selectively reduce CO_(2) to *** a flow cell set up operating in alkaline media,the resulting hybrid catalyst exhibits 87% faradaic efficiency(FE) with extraordinary current density(j) of 119 mA/cm^(2) and turnover frequency(TOF) of 14 s^(-1) at-1.0 V *** remarkable catalytic activity was achieved through thoughtful combination of molecular and flow cell design that provides an effective strategy for future immobilized heterogeneous approaches toward CO_(2) reduction reactions(CO_(2) RRs).

关键词： Carbon dioxide reduction Carbon dioxide capture Heterogeneous electrocatalysis Iron porphyrin Amino porphyrins CO_(2)RR and flow cell

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