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Low-dose metformin treatment in the subacute phase improves the locomotor function of a mouse model of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第11期16卷 2234-2242页

作者： Wen-Ye Song Han Ding Tiffany Dunn Jun-Ling Gao Javier Allende Labastida caitlin Schlagal Guang-Zhi Ning Shi-Qing Feng Ping Wu Department of Neuroscience Cell Biology&AnatomyUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA Department of Orthopedics Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina

Metformin,a first-line drug for type-2 diabetes,has been shown to improve locomotor recovery after spinal cord ***,there are studies reporting no beneficial ***,we found that high dose of metformin(200 mg/kg,intraperitoneal)and acute phase administration(immediately after injury)led to increased mortality and limited locomotor function ***,we used a lower dose(100 mg/kg,i.p.)metformin in mice,and compared the effect of immediate administration after spinal cord injury(acute phase)with that of administration at 3 days post-injury(subacute phase).Our data showed that metformin treatment starting at the subacute phase significantly improved mouse locomotor function evaluated by basso Mouse Scale(BMS)*** studies also revealed significant inhibitions of microglia/macrophage activation and astrogliosis at the lesion ***,metformin treatment at the subacute phase reduced neutrophil *** changes were in parallel with the increased survival rate of spinal neurons in animals treated with *** findings suggest that low-dose metformin treatment for subacute spinal cord injury can effectively improve the functional recovery possibly through anti-inflammation and *** study was approved by the Institute Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Texas Medical Branch(approval No.1008041C)in 2010.

关键词： inflammation locomotor function metformin microglia mortality neuroprotection spinal cord injury subacute administration

Eelgrass and Macroalgae Loss in an Oregon Estuary: Consequences for Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia

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Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research 2023年第1期2卷 267-284页

作者： caitlin L.Magel Sally D.Hacker Francis Chan Alicia R.Helms Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve CharlestonOR 97420USA

Estuarine macrophytes are proposed to influence ocean acidification and hypoxia(OAH)via the uptake(release)of inorganic carbon(oxygen)during *** extent to which macrophytes mitigate OAH in estuaries depends on the interaction between variable environmental conditions and macrophyte production over space and *** explore these complexities in detail,we considered the potential causes and consequences of intertidal eelgrass and macroalgae declines in a *** Northwest *** compiled and analyzed a record of eelgrass(Zostera marina)and ulvoid macroalgae along with a broad suite of environmental conditions over 15 years(2004 to 2019)at 3 sites along an estuarine gradient in South Slough,*** analysis showed that declining macrophyte biomass coincided with increasing temperature(water and air),watershed disturbance,and possibly *** with macrophyte loss,diel dissolved oxygen(DO)and pH variability were reduced,indicating an influence of macrophytes on water quality at an ecosystem *** loss was correlated with declining gross production and respiration,which altered the diel dynamics of pH,DO,and partial pressure of carbon dioxide at some *** certain conditions,there was an association between eelgrass biomass and changes in DO and pH of more than 2 mg/l and 0.3 units,*** found that daytime amelioration of low DO and pH was possible at certain locations when macrophyte biomass(especially eelgrass)was ***,our analyses suggested that the efficacy of macrophyte mitigation of OAH depends on macrophyte abundance and the volume and residence time of overlying water.

关键词： Estuary Northwest estuary

Sleep and stress in the acute phase of concussion in youth

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020年第2期2卷 109-114页

作者： Arthur Maerlender caitlin Masterson Jessica L.Calvi Todd Caze Ross Mathiasen Dennis Molfese Center for Brain Biologyand BehaviorEast StadiumUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA Nebraska Medicine S 42nd&Emile StOmahaNEUSA Salivary Bioscience Laboratory East StadiumUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA University of Nebraska Medical School S 42nd&Emile StOmahaNEUSA

This study sought to address the complex interplay between both biological and psychological perceptions of stress and sleep in the acute stages following a mild traumatic brain injury.A secondary goal was to identify potential targets for *** acutely injured youth(mean age 12 years)were studied at home with overnight actigraphy,salivary cortisol and melatonin assays,and subjective ratings of stress and fatigue(injured group).Nine matched control youth also were assessed(control group).Results suggested longer sleep latencies(time to fall asleep)and higher levels of fatigue in the injured group exist(p=0.025 and p=0.004,respectively).In the injured group,stress and sleep onset were significantly related with most subjects meeting criteria for Acute Stress *** levels were lower at bedtime in the injured *** samples were collected via passive drool at three time points:~1 h before bed(“bedtime”or T1),immediately upon waking(time 2:T2),and 30 min post-waking(time 3:T3).Overnight increases in cortisol(T1 to T2)were greater for the injured group;however,post-sleep changes in cortisol(T2 to T3)were reversed with control concentrations *** findings are unique in using actigraphy and salivary hormone levels in an acutely injured youth while in their *** differences in sleep latency and the presence of injury-related stress point to potential treatment targets in acute concussion.

关键词： Sleep Mild traumatic brain injury Fatigue Actigraphy Youth Salivary hormones Stress Concussion

Repairing the injured spinal cord: sprouting versus regeneration. Is this a realistic match?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第5期9卷 462-462页

作者： Karim Fouad caitlin Hurd Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Alberta

The article by Meves and Zheng （2014） is addressing a continu- ous shift in the field of spinal cord injury （SCI） research that has occurred over the last century. Before that, the spinal cord was viewed as ＂hard wired＂ and treatment considerations were based on observations that axons in the periphery were able to regenerate, but those in the central nervous system （CNS） were not （David and Aguayo, 1981）.

关键词： this sprouting versus regeneration SCI Repairing the injured spinal cord Is this a realistic match

A visual analytics system for optimizing the performance of large-scale networks in supercomputing systems

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Visual Informatics 2018年第1期2卷 98-110页

作者： Takanori Fujiwara Jianping Kelvin Li Misbah Mubarak caitlin Ross Christopher D.Carothers Robert B.Ross Kwan-Liu Ma University of California DavisUnited States Argonne National Laboratory United States Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute United States

The overall efficiency of an extreme-scale supercomputer largely relies on the performance of its network *** of the state of the art supercomputers use networks based on the increasingly popular Dragonfly *** is crucial to study the behavior and performance of different parallel applications running on Dragonfly networks in order to make optimal system configurations and design choices,such as job scheduling and routing ***,in order to study these temporal network behavior,we would need a tool to analyze and correlate numerous sets of multivariate time-series data collected from the Dragonfly's multi-level *** paper presents such a tool-a visual analytics system-that uses the Dragonfly network to investigate the temporal behavior and optimize the communication performance of a *** coupled interactive visualization with time-series analysis methods to help reveal hidden patterns in the network behavior with respect to different parallel applications and system *** system also provides multiple coordinated views for connecting behaviors observed at different levels of the network hierarchies,which effectively helps visual analysis *** demonstrate the effectiveness of the system with a set of case *** system and findings can not only help improve the communication performance of supercomputing applications,but also the network performance of next-generation supercomputers.

关键词： Supercomputing Parallel communication network Dragonfly networks Time-series data Performance analysis Visual analytics

Nitrogen enrichment alters carbon fluxes in a New England salt marsh

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第11期4卷 34-44页

作者： Emily K.Geoghegan Joshua S.Caplan Francine N.Leech Paige E.Weber caitlin E.bauer Thomas J.Mozdzer Department of Biology Bryn Mawr CollegeBryn MawrPAUSA

Introduction:Nitrogen enrichment of coastal salt marshes can induce feedbacks that alter ecosystem-level processes including primary production and carbon *** the rising interest in coastal blue carbon,the effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on blue carbon processes have rarely been measured in the context of experimental ***,we examined the ecosystem-level effects of nitrate(NO3)enrichment on the green-house gas dynamics of a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt *** measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes using static chambers through two growing seasons in a salt marsh that was nitrogen-enriched for 13 years and compared fluxes to those from a reference ***:We found that nitrogen enrichment increased gross primary productivity(GPP)by 7.7%and increased ecosystem respiration(Recd)by 20.8%.However,nitrogen enrichment had no discernible effect on net ecosystem exchange(NEE).Taken together,these results suggest that nitrogen-induced stimulation of Reco could transform this salt marsh from a carbon sink into a source of carbon to the atmos ***:Our results complement prior findings of nitrogen enrichment weakening soil structure and organic matter stability in tidal salt marshes,suggesting that increased nutrient inputs have the potential to alter the carbon storage function of these ecosystems through enhanced microbial respiration of previously sequestered carbon.

关键词： Spartina alterniflora blue carbon eutrophication gross primaryproductivity net ecosystemexchange nitrogen ecosystem respiration tidalsaltmarsh

Herpetological Diversity of Timor-Leste: Updates and a Review of Species Distributions

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Asian Herpetological Research 2015年第2期6卷 73-131页

作者： Mark O'SHEA caitlin SANCHEZ Andrew KATHRINER Sven MECKE Venancio LOPES CARVALHO Agivedo VARELA RIBEIRO Zito AFRANIO SOARES Luis LEMOS DE ARAUJO Hinrich KAISER Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY United Kingdom and West Midland Safari Park Bewdley Worcestershire DY12 LF United Kingdom Department of Biology Victor Valley College Department of Biology Villanova University 800 East Lancaster Avenue Villanova Pennsylvania 19085 USA Department of Herpetology Bronx Zoo 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx New York 10460 USA Department of Animal Evolution and Systematics Faculty of Biology Philipps Universit?t Marburg Universidade National Timor-Lorosa’e Faculdade de Ciencias da Educa?ao Departamentu da Biologia Avenida Cidade de Lisboa Liceu Dr. Francisco Machado Dili Timor-Leste Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution

We report the results of five herpetological surveys during 2011-2013 that included visits to all districts of Timor-Leste （Aileu, Ainaro, baucau, Bobonaro, Dili, Covalima, Ermera, Laut6m, Liquiga, Manatuto, Manufahi, Viqueque） except the Oecusse exclave. Our fieldwork culminated in the discovery of one putative new frog species （genus Kaloula）, at least five putative new lizard species （genera Cyrtodactylus, Cryptoblepharus, and Sphenomorphus）, and two putative new snake species （genera Stegonotus and Indotyphlops）. In addition, we present new distribution records of amphibians and reptiles for 11 of the country＇s 12 contiguous districts, along with additional natural history data. Results from our surveys increase the number of amphibian and reptiles known to occur in Timor-Leste from 22 species before our surveys began to over 60, including over 20 as yet undescribed species.

关键词： Timor-Leste Kaloula Cyrtodactylus Eremiascincus Stegonotus

First Update to Herpetofaunal Records from Timor-Leste

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Asian Herpetological Research 2012年第2期3卷 114-126页

作者： Mark O'SHEA caitlin SANCHEZ Scott HEACOX Andrew KATHRINER Venancio LOPES CARVALHO Agivedo VARELA RIBEIRO Zito AFRANIO SOARES Luis LEMOS DE ARAUJO Hinrich KAISER West Midland Safari Park Bewdley Worcestershire DY12 1LF United Kingdom and Australian Venom Research Unit Department of Pharmacology University of MelbourneVictoria 3010 Australia Department of Biology Victor Valley College 18422 Bear Valley Road VictorvilleCalifornia 92395 USA Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Present Address: Department of Biology Villanova University 800 Lancaster Avenue VillanovaPennsylvania 19085 USA Universidade National Timor-Lorosa’e Faculdade de Ciencias da Educa ao Departamentu da Biologia Avenida Cidade de Lisboa Liceu Dr. Francisco MachadoDili Timor-Leste

Herpetological surveys of locations in six districts of Timor-Leste(Dili, baucau, Ermera, Liqui a, Manatuto, Viqueque) during 2010 led to the discovery of a new, high-altitude species of Cryptoblepharus from Ermera District, a new country record(Hemidactylus cf. tenkatei), and the recording of two previously unvouchered species(Python r. reticulatus and Liasis m. mackloti). In this article, we summarize these new records and present numerous new district records for Timor-Leste and four records for road-killed snakes seen in West Timor(Indonesia). With the addition of the results from our 2009 survey, the update presented herein increases the confirmed number of amphibian and reptile species for Timor-Leste to 47.

关键词： herpetofauna biodiversity Timor-Leste West Timor Wallacea Cryptoblepharus Hemidactylus cf.tenkatei

Effects of a Free Water Protocol on Inpatients in a Neuro-Rehabilitation Setting

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2015年第4期3卷 132-138页

作者： Sepideh Pooyania Laura Vandurme Reesa Daun caitlin Buchel University of Manitoba Manitoba Canada Riverview Health Center 1 Morley Ave Winnipeg MB Canada 178 Niagara Street Winnipeg MB R3N 0V2 Canada

background: Dysphagia is common among stroke and acquired brain injury (ABI) patients and may result in aspiration. To reduce the risk of thin liquid aspiration, patients are often restricted to thickened fluids. There is considerable clinical interest in the risks and benefits of offering oral water intake, in the form of water protocols, to patients with thin-liquid dysphagia. Objectives: A controlled pilot study of a free water protocol was undertaken at Riverview Health Centre, in Winnipeg, Manitoba to assess benefits, feasibility and possible complications of free water protocol. Methods: The study examined 16 individuals with stroke or ABI who were randomly assigned to either a control group on thickened fluids (six subjects) or a treatment group (ten subjects) that followed a free water protocol. The average length of time in the study was 4.3 weeks with a range of 1 - 17 weeks among all participants. Results: Throughout the study, there was no incidence of pneumonia in any of the sixteen participants. No statistically significant difference was noted in the weekly total liquid intake between the treatment group and the control group. Perceived swallowing related care results suggest statistically significant improvements from initial to final measures for both the treatment group (p = 0.004) and the control group (p = 0.02). However, a comparison of the change in both measures, between the treatment and control groups, shows no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests the need for larger scale work in order to more accurately identify the effects of free water protocols.

关键词： Free Water Protocol Dysphagia Stroke and Acquired Brain Injury