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Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for specific pathogen free 6-week-old Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 286-290页

作者： caitlin A Cooper Luis E Moraes James D Murray Sean D Owens Department of Animal Science University of California Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California Department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California One Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

background： Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals depend on many factors, including age. A review of the literature highlights the lack of reference intervals for 6-wk-old specific pathogen free （SPF） Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs. For translational research, 6-wk-old pigs represent an important animal model for both human juvenile colitis and diabetes mellitus type 2 given the similarities between the porcine and human gastrointestinal maturation process. The aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for hematological and biochemical parameters in healthy 6-wk-old crossbred pigs. Blood samples were collected from 66 clinically healthy Hampshire-Yorkshire pigs. The pigs were 6 wks old, represented both sexes, and were housed in a SPF facility. Automated hematological and biochemical analysis were performed using an ADVIA 120 Hematology System and a Cobas 6000 C501 Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. Results： Reference intervals were calculated using both parametric and nonparametric methods. The mean, median, minimum, and maximum values were calculated. Conclusion： As pigs are used more frequently as medical models of human disease, having reference intervals for commonly measured hematological and biochemical parameters in 6-wk-old pigs will be useful. The reference intervals calculated in this study will aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of both naturally occurring and experimentally induced disease. In comparison to published reference intervals for older non SPF pigs, notable differences in leukocyte populations, and in levels of sodium, potassium, glucose, protein, and alkaline phosphatase were observed.

关键词： Biochemical analytes Hematology Pigs Reference interval SPF

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Patient-derived pancreatic cancer-on-a-chip recapitulates the tumor microenvironment

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第2期8卷 135-147页

作者： Muhammad R.Haque caitlin R.Wessel Daniel D.Leary Chengyao Wang Abhinav Bhushan Faraz Bishehsari Division of Digestive Diseases Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome&Chronobiology ResearchRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 60612USA University of Louisville School of Medicine LouisvilleKT 40202USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIL 60616USA

The patient population suffering from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)presents,as a whole,with a high degree of molecular tumor *** heterogeneity of PDAC tumor composition has complicated treatment and stalled success in clinical *** in vitro techniques insufficiently replicate the intricate stromal components of PDAC tumor microenvironments(TMEs)and fail to model a given tumor's unique genetic *** development of patient-derived organoids(PDOs)has opened the door for improved personalized medicine since PDOs are derived directly from patient tumors,thus preserving the tumors'unique behaviors and genetic *** study developed a tumor-chip device engineered to mimic the PDAC TME by incorporating PDOs and stromal cells,specifically pancreatic stellate cells and *** PDOs in a multicellular microfluidic chip device prolongs cellular function and longevity and successfully establishes a complex organotypic tumor environment that incorporates desmoplastic stroma and immune *** primary cancer cells in monoculture were subjected to stroma-depleting agents,there was no effect on cancer cell ***,targeting stroma in our tumor-chip model resulted in a significant increase in the chemotherapy effect on cancer cells,thus validating the use of this tumor-chip device for drug testing.

关键词： cancer chemotherapy adenocarcinoma

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公交站的爱心长凳

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疯狂英语（新读写） 2023年第7期 52-52,78页

作者： caitlin Kane 不详

詹姆斯·沃伦无意间看到一个女人坐在地上等车,他觉得这样有失体面,于是他萌发了在公交站安装长凳的想法。

关键词：公交站詹姆斯爱心

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Innovative approaches to genome editing in avian species

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 278-284页

作者： caitlin A.Cooper Timothy J.Doran Arjun Challagulla Mark L.V.Tizard Kristie A.Jenkins CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Australian Animal Health Laboratory

The tools available for genome engineering have significantly improved over the last 5 years, allowing scientist to make precise edits to the genome. Along with the development of these new genome editing tools has come advancements in technologies used to deliver them. In mammals genome engineering tools are typically delivered into in vitro fertilized single cell embryos which are subsequently cultured and then implanted into a recipient *** avian species this is not possible, so other methods have been developed for genome engineering in birds. The most common involves in vitro culturing of primordial germ cells(PGCs), which are cells that migrate through the embryonic circulatory system to the developing gonad and colonize the gonad, eventually differentiating into the gonadocytes which produce either sperm or ova. While in culture the PGCs can be modified to carry novel transgenes or gene edits, the population can be screened and enriched, and then transferred into a recipient embryo. The largest drawback of PGC culture is that culture methods do not transfer well across avian species, thus there are reliable culture methods for only a few species including the chicken. Two newer technologies that appear to be more easily adapted in a wider range of avian species are direct injection and sperm transfection assisted gene editing(STAGE).The direct injection method involves injecting genome engineering tools into the circulatory system of the developing embryo just prior to the developmental time point when the PGCs are migrating to the gonads. The genome engineering tools are complexed with transfection reagents, allowing for in vivo transfection of the PGCs. STAGE utilizes sperm transfection to deliver genome engineering tools directly to the newly fertilized embryo. Preliminary evidence indicates that both methodologies have the potential to be adapted for use in birds species other than the chicken, however further work is needed in this area.

关键词： Avian CRISPR Genome engineering PGCs Sperm TALEN

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Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine sensitizes HT-29 colorectal cancer cells to concurrent chemoradiation

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2014年第3期6卷 74-82页

作者： caitlin A Schonewolf Monal Mehta Devora Schiff Hao Wu Bruce G Haffty Vassiliki Karantza Salma K Jabbour Departments of Radiation Oncology Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New JerseyThe Cancer Institute of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJ 08903United States Departments of Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New JerseyThe Cancer Institute of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJ 08903United States

AIM:To investigate whether the inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine(CQ)sensitizes rectal tumors to radiation therapy(RT)or concurrent chemoradiation(chemoRT).METHODS:In vitro,HCT-116 and HT-29 colorectal cancer(CRC)cell lines were treated as following:(1)PBS;(2)CQ;(3)5-fluorouracil(5-FU);(4)RT;(5)CQ and RT;(6)5-FU and RT;(7)CQ and 5-FU;and(8)5-FU and CQ and *** group was then exposed to various doses of radiation(0-8 Gy)depending on the *** viability and proliferative capacity were measured by3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)and clonogenic *** survivalcurves were constructed and compared across treatment *** status was determined by assessing the LC3-Ⅱto LC3-Ⅰratio on western blot analysis,autophagosome formation on electron microscopy and identification of a perinuclear punctate pattern with GFPlabeled LC3 on fluorescence *** cycle arrest and cell death were evaluated by FACS and AnnexinⅤ*** experiments were performed in triplicate and statistical analysis was performed by the student’s t test to compare means between treatment ***:RT(2-8 Gy)induced autophagy in HCT-116and HT-29 CRC cell lines at 4 and 6 h post-radiation,respectively,as measured by increasing LC3-Ⅱto LC3-Ⅰratio on western ***,electron microscopy demonstrated autophagy induction in HT-29 cells24 h following irradiation at a dose of 8 *** treatment with 5-FU(25μmol/L)induced autophagy and the combination of 5-FU and RT demonstrated synergism in autophagy ***(10μmol/L)alone and in combination with RT effectively inhibited autophagy and sensitized both HCT-116 and HT-29 cells to treatment with radiation(8 Gy;P<0.001 and 0.00001,respectively).Significant decrease in clonogenic survival was seen only in the HT-29 cell line,when CQ was combined with RT at doses of 2 and 8 Gy(P<0.5 and P=0.05,respectively).There were no differences in cell cycle progression or Annexin V st

关键词： Autophagy Chloroquine Radiosensitization Colorectal cancer

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打造你的室内花园

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2018年

作者： (美) 凯特琳·阿特金森 (caitlin Atkinson)

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Evaluating Room Acoustics for Speech Intelligibility

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2019年第7期9卷 601-612页

作者： caitlin R. Kunchur Dutch Fork High School Irmo SC USA

Room acoustics play an important role in the intelligibility of speech. The main aspect of acoustics that is usually studied is the duration of the reverberation decay, since a long decay causes a blurring of phonemes. However, other parameters of the acoustics such as the strength of the reverberation can actually improve intelligibility. These factors do not receive the same attention. In many common practical situations such as classrooms and residential rooms, it would be of value to quantitatively study the acoustics to optimize the room’s function, but this is not done routinely due to the expected expense or difficulty involved. This research explores inexpensive first-principle methods to quantitatively measure three key parameters of a room’s acoustics: the reverberation decay time RT60, the reverberant intensity IR, and the room’s total absorption A. The required equipment includes two laptops installed with certain free softwares. Generation of the required noise signal and level detection are carried out using the REW software, and long-duration recordings are carried out using the Audacity software. The procedures are simple enough to be performed without specialized training and do not require specialized equipment, only commonly available household resources. This research also sheds light on the fact that not all reverberation is bad and that strong but short-duration reverberation can enhance communication. This information can be expected to benefit schools and other venues where speech intelligibility is vital.

关键词： Acoustics Reverberation Speech Music Communication

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Quantitative Measurement of the Exposure Response of Digital Cameras

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2019年第3期9卷 43-50页

作者： caitlin R. Kunchur Dutch Fork High School Irmo SC USA

Digital cameras span a large range in price and performance. Consumers often focus mainly on the resolution in pixels when shopping for a camera. Of equal importance is the quality of the optics and the exposure response. Digital cameras generally have a linear exposure response, but the amount of noise and the dynamic range vary. It is difficult to obtain quantitative information on these parameters to make an informed assessment. This work explores and demonstrates first-principles methods to measure the exposure response to make meaningful comparisons between different camera models. It also shows how to make the most of a particular camera by measuring its noise level and dynamic range, to understand the limits of its useable ISO amplification. The methods only require a computer and free software to download images and extract their RGB pixel values. The analysis, based on the RGB values, uses standard spreadsheet software. The procedures are therefore accessible to anyone with a digital camera and computer, and will help to reduce speculation in comparing cameras, and help consumers make an informed decision.

关键词： Photography Image Imaging

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Low-dose metformin treatment in the subacute phase improves the locomotor function of a mouse model of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第11期16卷 2234-2242页

作者： Wen-Ye Song Han Ding Tiffany Dunn Jun-Ling Gao Javier Allende Labastida caitlin Schlagal Guang-Zhi Ning Shi-Qing Feng Ping Wu Department of Neuroscience Cell Biology&AnatomyUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA Department of Orthopedics Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina

Metformin,a first-line drug for type-2 diabetes,has been shown to improve locomotor recovery after spinal cord ***,there are studies reporting no beneficial ***,we found that high dose of metformin(200 mg/kg,intraperitoneal)and acute phase administration(immediately after injury)led to increased mortality and limited locomotor function ***,we used a lower dose(100 mg/kg,i.p.)metformin in mice,and compared the effect of immediate administration after spinal cord injury(acute phase)with that of administration at 3 days post-injury(subacute phase).Our data showed that metformin treatment starting at the subacute phase significantly improved mouse locomotor function evaluated by basso Mouse Scale(BMS)*** studies also revealed significant inhibitions of microglia/macrophage activation and astrogliosis at the lesion ***,metformin treatment at the subacute phase reduced neutrophil *** changes were in parallel with the increased survival rate of spinal neurons in animals treated with *** findings suggest that low-dose metformin treatment for subacute spinal cord injury can effectively improve the functional recovery possibly through anti-inflammation and *** study was approved by the Institute Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Texas Medical Branch(approval No.1008041C)in 2010.

关键词： inflammation locomotor function metformin microglia mortality neuroprotection spinal cord injury subacute administration

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Sleep and stress in the acute phase of concussion in youth

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020年第2期2卷 109-114页

作者： Arthur Maerlender caitlin Masterson Jessica L.Calvi Todd Caze Ross Mathiasen Dennis Molfese Center for Brain Biologyand BehaviorEast StadiumUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA Nebraska Medicine S 42nd&Emile StOmahaNEUSA Salivary Bioscience Laboratory East StadiumUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnNEUSA University of Nebraska Medical School S 42nd&Emile StOmahaNEUSA

This study sought to address the complex interplay between both biological and psychological perceptions of stress and sleep in the acute stages following a mild traumatic brain injury.A secondary goal was to identify potential targets for *** acutely injured youth(mean age 12 years)were studied at home with overnight actigraphy,salivary cortisol and melatonin assays,and subjective ratings of stress and fatigue(injured group).Nine matched control youth also were assessed(control group).Results suggested longer sleep latencies(time to fall asleep)and higher levels of fatigue in the injured group exist(p=0.025 and p=0.004,respectively).In the injured group,stress and sleep onset were significantly related with most subjects meeting criteria for Acute Stress *** levels were lower at bedtime in the injured *** samples were collected via passive drool at three time points:~1 h before bed(“bedtime”or T1),immediately upon waking(time 2:T2),and 30 min post-waking(time 3:T3).Overnight increases in cortisol(T1 to T2)were greater for the injured group;however,post-sleep changes in cortisol(T2 to T3)were reversed with control concentrations *** findings are unique in using actigraphy and salivary hormone levels in an acutely injured youth while in their *** differences in sleep latency and the presence of injury-related stress point to potential treatment targets in acute concussion.

关键词： Sleep Mild traumatic brain injury Fatigue Actigraphy Youth Salivary hormones Stress Concussion

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