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AFM probe with the U-shaped cross-sectional cantilever for measuring the ultra-low coefficient of friction of 10^(–6)

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Friction 2024年第8期12卷 1707-1715,F0004页

作者： Yushan CHEN Liang jiang Linmao QIAN Tribology Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Traction PowerSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

Accurately measuring the coefficient of friction(COF)is the fundamental prerequisite of superlubricity *** study aimed to reduce the COF measurement resolutionΔμof atomic force microscopy(AFM).Based on the theoretical model,a distinctive strategy was adopted to reduceΔμby optimizing the cantilever’s cross-section of the AFM probe,inspired by civil engineering.Δμcan be reduced by decreasing the width of the horizontal side wR and the wall thickness t and increasing the width of the vertical side ***,the I-shape demonstrates the highest reduction inΔμ,followed by the *** the processability,the AFM probe with the U-shaped cross-sectional cantilever was investigated further,and the dimensions are 35μm wR,3.5μm wH,0.5μm t,50μm l(cantilever length),and 23μm htip(tip height).The finite element analysis results confirm its *** being fabricated and calibrated,the AFM probe achieves the minimalΔμof 1.9×10^(–6)under the maximum normal force so ***,the friction detection capability of the fabricated AFM probe improves by 78 times compared to the commercial tipless-force modulation mode(TL-FM)AFM probe with the conventional solid rectangular cross-sectional *** study provides a powerful tool for measuring 10^(–6)COF.

关键词： atomic force microscopy superlubricity coefficient of friction probe cantilever

AFM probe for measuring~10^(−5)ultra-low friction coefficient:Design and application

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Friction 2024年第1期12卷 64-73页

作者： Yushan CHEN Liang jiang Linmao QIAN Tribology Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Traction PowerSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

Superlubricity provides a novel approach to addressing friction and wear issues in mechanical ***,little is known regarding improving the atomic force microscope(AFM)friction coefficient measurement ***,this study established the theoretical formula for the AFM friction coefficient measurement and deduced the measurement ***,the formula was applied to the AFM probe with a rectangular cross-section *** measurement resolution is associated with the dimensional properties of the AFM probe,the mechanical properties of the cantilever material,the properties of the position-sensitive detector(PSD),and probably the anti-vibration performance of the *** is feasible to make the cantilever as short as possible and the tip as high as possible to improve the measurement *** AFM probe for measuring an ultra-low friction coefficient was designed and *** cantilever’s length,width,and thickness are 50,35,and 0.6μm,*** tip height is 23μ*** measurement resolution can reach 7.1×10^(−6) under the maximum normal ***,the AFM probe was applied to measure the superlubricity between graphene *** friction coefficient is 0.00139 under 853.08 *** work provides a promising method for measuring a~10^(−5) friction coefficient of superlubricity.

关键词： atomic force microscope(AFM) superlubricity friction coefficientμ probe

Bionic functional membranes for separation of oil-in-water emulsions

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Friction 2024年第9期12卷 1909-1928页

作者： Chaolang CHEN Ruisong jiang Zhiguang GUO School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062China

The separation of oil-in-water emulsion is an urgent challenge because its massive production and discharge from daily and industrial activities have caused severe hazards to the ecosystem and serious threats to human *** technology is considered an outstanding solution strategy for the separation of oil-in-water emulsions due to its unique advantages of low cost,high efficiency,easy operation,and environmental ***,the membrane is easily fouled by the emulsion oil droplets during the separation process,causing a sharp decline in permeation flux,which greatly inhibits the long-term use of the membrane and largely shortens the membrane’s ***,it was found that endowing the membranes with special wettability e.g.,superhydrophilic and superoleophobic can greatly enhance the permeability of the continuous water phase and inhibit the adhesion of oil droplets,thus promoting the separation performance and anti-oil-fouling property of membrane for oily *** this paper,we review and discuss the recent developments in membranes with special wettability for separating oil-in-water emulsions,including the mechanism analysis of emulsion separation membrane,membrane fouling issues,design strategies,and representative studies for enhancing the membrane’s anti-oil-fouling ability and emulsion separation performance.

关键词： bionic surface membranes wettability oil-in-water emulsions oil-water separation

Controllable chemical redox reactions to couple microbial degradation for organic contaminated sites remediation:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 428-445页

作者： Bin Chen jiang Xu Lizhong Zhu College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Agriculture&Forest University Lin'an 311300China

Global environmental concern over organic contaminated sites has been progressively conspicuous during the process of urbanization and industrial *** traditional physical or chemical remediation technologies may significantly destroy the soil structure and function,coupling moderate chemical degradation with microbial remediation becomes a potential way for the green,economic,and efficient remediation of contaminated ***,this work systematically elucidates why and how to couple chemical technology with microbial remediation,mainly focused on the controllable redox reactions of organic *** rational design of materials structure,selective generation of reactive oxygen species,and estimation of degradation pathway are described for chemical ***,current progress on efficient and selective reductions of organic contaminants(i.e.,dechlorination,defluorination,-NO_(2) reduction)is *** with the microbial remediation of contaminated sites,several consideration factors of how to couple chemical and microbial remediation are proposed based on both fundamental and practical points of *** review will advance the understanding and development of chemical-microbial coupled remediation for organic contaminated sites.

关键词： Soil remediation Groundwater remediation Rational design Reactive species Environmental nanotechnology

Particle Distribution Informed by Chain Rigidity in Diblock Copolymer Melts: The Effect of Entropy

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 388-399,I0009页

作者： Yuguo Chen Shuanhu Qi Ying jiang School of Chemistry Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

We study the effect of chain rigidity on tailoring the nanoparticle locations for neutral and selective particles embedded in the lamellar morphology formed by semiflexible diblock copolymer chains using self-consistent field calculations. The nanoparticles are modeled through a cavity function, and the semiflexible chains are represented by the continuous Kratsky-Porod chain model. In general situation, the nanoparticles prefer to stay at the interface in order to reduce the interface areas and thus the system free energy. However, the particle distribution at the domain center is subtle, and the underlying physics is intrinsically different depending on the polymer flexibility. In the case of flexible chains, the entropy just contributes a constant shift to the free energy when the nanoparticles move around the domain center indicating that the local metastable state if appears at the domain center is wholly attributed to the local minimum in the enthalpy. If the polymers are rigid, the variation of the particle distribution at the domain center has a close relation with the polymer rigidity and nanoparticle size. In the case of strongly rigid polymers with small nanoparticles, a nearly uniform particle distribution at the domain center is observed, while in other cases, a local enhancement of particle distribution there is found. In contrast to the case of flexible chains, further analysis reveals the crucial role of entropy in controlling the shape of particle distributions at the phase domain. Specifically, the local metastable state appears in the domain center is determined by the large entropy there which arises from the weak coupling of bond orientations that allows the polymer chains to be relatively relaxed. When the particle becomes selective, its distribution in the phase domain exhibits a shift almost uniformly rather than changes its profile, and the underlying physics still holds. In all, our study establishes a strong coupling between the chain rigi

关键词： Semiflexible diblock copolymer Nanoparticle distribution Self-consistent field theory Entropic effect

Response of ocean acidification to atmospheric carbon dioxide removal

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 79-90页

作者： Jiu jiang Long Cao Xiaoyu Jin Zechen Yu Han Zhang Jianjie Fu Guibin jiang School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resources of Zhejiang Province School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Climate Center Hangzhou 310052China

Artificial CO_(2)removal from the atmosphere(also referred to as negative CO_(2)emissions)has been proposed as a potential means to counteract anthropogenic climate *** we use an Earth system model to examine the response of ocean acidification to idealized atmospheric CO_(2)removal *** our simulations,atmospheric CO_(2)is assumed to increase at a rate of 1%per year to four times its pre-industrial value and then decreases to the pre-industrial level at a rate of 0.5%,1%,2%per year,*** results show that the annual mean state of surface ocean carbonate chemistry fields including hydrogen ion concentration([H^(+)]),pH and aragonite saturation state respond quickly to removal of atmospheric CO_(2).However,the change of seasonal cycle in carbonate chemistry lags behind the decline in atmospheric CO_(2).When CO_(2)returns to the pre-industrial level,over some parts of the ocean,relative to the pre-industrial state,the seasonal amplitude of carbonate chemistry fields is substantially *** results also show that changes in deep ocean carbonate chemistry substantially lag behind atmospheric CO_(2)*** CO_(2)returns to its pre-industrial value,the whole-ocean acidity measured by[H^(+)]is 15%-18%larger than the pre-industrial level,depending on the rate of CO_(2)*** study demonstrates that even if atmospheric CO_(2)can be lowered in the future as a result of net negative CO_(2)emissions,the recovery of some aspects of ocean acidification would take decades to centuries,which would have important implications for the resilience of marine ecosystems.

关键词： Carbon dioxide removal Net negative CO_(2)emission Ocean acidification Climate change Earth system modeling

Rhyscotus subrisus Li&jiang,***.,representing a new record family Rhyscotidae from China(Isopoda:Oniscidea)

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Zoological Systematics 2024年第2期49卷 181-183页

作者： Chonghui Yao Chao jiang Weichun Li College of Agronomy Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs National Resource Center for Chinese MateriaMedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China

The family Rhyscotidae Budde-Lund,1904 contains two genera:Rhyscotoides Schmalfuss&Ferrara,1978 and Rhyscotus Budde-Lund,*** date,twenty-one species within the family are known,occurring in the subtropic and tropic regions(Schmalfuss,2003;Schmidt,2003;Boyko et al.,2022).The members of the family can be recognized by the cephalon with a strongly inflated frons,the antennae with two-jointed flagellum,the maxillae are almost semicircular,the maxillipeds have short palpus and endite,and pleopod exopodites without pseudotracheae(Schmalfuss&Ferrara,1978).Before this study,the members of Rhyscotidae were unknown in *** present research describes a new species of the genus Rhyscotus from Hainan Island,representing a new record of the family Rhyscotidae from China.

关键词： record family

Recent Advances on Deep Learning for Sign Language Recognition

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 2399-2450页

作者： Yanqiong Zhang Xianwei jiang School of Mathematics and Information Science Nanjing Normal University of Special EducationNanjing210038China

Sign language,a visual-gestural language used by the deaf and hard-of-hearing community,plays a crucial role in facilitating communication and promoting *** language recognition(SLR),the process of automatically recognizing and interpreting sign language gestures,has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to bridge the communication gap between the hearing impaired and the hearing *** emergence and continuous development of deep learning techniques have provided inspiration and momentum for advancing *** paper presents a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the advancements,challenges,and opportunities in deep learning-based sign language recognition,focusing on the past five years of *** explore various aspects of SLR,including sign data acquisition technologies,sign language datasets,evaluation methods,and different types of neural *** Neural Networks(CNN)and Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN)have shown promising results in fingerspelling and isolated sign ***,the continuous nature of sign language poses challenges,leading to the exploration of advanced neural network models such as the Transformer model for continuous sign language recognition(CSLR).Despite significant advancements,several challenges remain in the field of *** challenges include expanding sign language datasets,achieving user independence in recognition systems,exploring different input modalities,effectively fusing features,modeling co-articulation,and improving semantic and syntactic ***,developing lightweight network architectures for mobile applications is crucial for practical *** addressing these challenges,we can further advance the field of deep learning for sign language recognition and improve communication for the hearing-impaired community.

关键词： Sign language recognition deep learning artificial intelligence computer vision gesture recognition

Growth of Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4) nanocomposites on nickel foam to enhance photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde under visible light

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 432-442页

作者： Ze Wang Zhi Huang jiang Yu Xiao Shao Weidong Peng Jie Yu Yinying jiang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of Agriculture and Environment University of Western AustraliaPerth 6907Western AustraliaAustralia Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology Sichuan UniversityYibin 644000China

Formaldehyde is a pollutant that significantly affects the indoor air ***,conventional remediation approaches can be challenging to deal with low-concentration formaldehyde in an indoor *** this study,Photocatalysts of Ag/graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))/Ni with 3D reticulated coral structure were prepared by thermal polymerization and liquid phase photo-deposition,using nickel foam(NF)as the *** demonstrated that when the Ag concentration was 3%,and the relative humidity was 60%,the Ni/Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)showed the maximum degradation rate of formaldehyde at 90.19%under visible light irradiation,and the formaldehyde concentration after degradation was lower than the Hygienic standard stated by the Chinese *** porous structure of Ni/Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)and the formation of Schottky junctions promoted the Adsorption efficiency and degradation of formaldehyde,while the nickel foam carrier effectively promoted the desorption of degradation ***,the degradation rate was only reduced by3.4%after 16 recycles,the three-dimensional porous structure extended the lifetime of the *** study provides a new strategy for the degradation of indoor formaldehyde at low concentrations.

关键词： Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) Nickel foam(NF) Ag Formaldehyde Photocatalysis