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Recovery of Scenic Beauty of a Lake in Urban Park from Environmental Diagnosis and Implantation of Mitigating Measures

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2019年第5期11卷 595-605页

作者： Joã o Alexandre Saviolo Osti Clovis Ferreira Do Carmo Marcos Cerqueira Maria Teresa Duarte Giamas Ana Carolina Peixoto cacilda thais janson cacilda thais janson Pesquisador Associado ao Instituto de Pesca S&#227 o Paulo Brasil Professor Colaborador à Universidade Brasil Fernand&#243 polis Brasil Centro de Pesquisa em Recursos Hí dricos Instituto de Pesca APTA-SAA S&#227 o Paulo Brasil Pesquisador Cientí fico do Instituto de Pesca S&#227 o Paulo Brasil Aluna PIBIC de Iniciaç o Cientí fica do Instituto de Pesca S&#227 o Paulo Brasil

The city of S?o Paulo, state of S?o Paulo/Brazil, with about 12 million inhabitants is considered the largest city in Latin America. Just as in other large metropolises it is devoid of green areas, in this way it is of great socio-environmental importance of the preservation and maintenance of parks and green areas of the municipality. The Fernando Costa Park, known as the Parque da água Branca, is an urban park located in the central region of the Municipality of S?o Paulo, and has more than 79 thousand m2 of green area, in a total area of 137 thousand m2. Two lakes, populated predominantly with carp, are inserted in the Park, and are important components of the urban landscape and the patrimony of the city, present landscape function (scenic beauty) and are used to contemplate the environment and leisure of the population. The lakes due to the intense eutrophication process with uncontrolled growth of the phytoplankton presented blue-green coloration, with formations of lumps and foams, low transparency, bad smell and unpleasant visual aspect impairing the visitation of this place. In the first stage of the present research, an environmental diagnosis was carried out and the second stage involved elaboration and implementation of mitigating measures aiming at its restoration. The recovery proposal included the implementation of Artificial Floating Islands (IFAs) aiming at pollution control. After 60 days, it was possible to observe the efficiency of the Eichhornia crassipes populated islands showing that the methodology of phytoremediation was efficient in controlling the eutrophication of urban lakes, guaranteeing the recovery and conservation of the scenic beauty of these places.

关键词： Water Quality Eutrophication Pollution Landscape Ecology

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Dynamics of Cladocera Community in a Tropical Hypereutrophic Environment (Garças Reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第5期7卷 379-388页

作者： Ariane Carolina Di Genaro Suzana Sendacz Munique de Almeida Bispo Moraes cacilda thais janson Mercante Water Resources Center Fisheries Institute Sao Paulo Brazil

This study was performed at Garcas Reservoir, a hypereutrophic urban lake within Sao Paulo metropolitan area, Southeast Brazil. This reservoir underwent to a marked limnological change after the harvest of free floating macrophytes, shifting to a hypereutrophic state. Present purposes were to characterize the Cladocera community and verify its association with the water deterioration after the macrophytes removal period as well as to compare it to previous studies, before macrophytes harvesting. Samplings were collected from October 2007 until September 2008 and the results were compared to data obtained during pre-removal period (1997). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the highest values for water transparency were associated with the macrophytes pre-removal period while the highest values of electrical conductivity, chlorophyll a and total phosphorus were associated with the macrophytes post-removal period, indicating the degradation of the water quality. During this period, large cladocerans disappeared and the small sized species of Bosmina predominated. Male organisms of this genus were found as well as elevated densities of Bosmina huaroensis, suggesting overcrowding. Furthermore, it was detected a reduction of 82% in the number of species compared to data from 1997. The shifts to the hypereutrophic state led to aggressive alterations in Cladocera community, suggesting a strong stress on populations.

关键词： Eutrophycation Zooplankton Cladocerans Bosmina Tropical Reservoir

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Effluent of a Polyculture System(Tilapias and Shrimps):Assessment by Mass Balance of Nitrogen and Phosphorus

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第10期5卷 797-802页

作者： Sergio Leandro Araujo-Silva Munique de Almeida Bispo Moraes Clovis Ferreira do Carmo Joao Alexandre Saviolo Osti Andre Martins Vaz-dos-Santos cacilda thais janson Mercante Center of Water Resources Fisheries InstituteSao PauloBrazil Aquaculture Center Paulista State UniversitySao PauloBrazil Federal University of Parana CuritibaBrazil

From the estimation of the mass balance model, which can also be classified as “black box” model, it is possible to infer the impact of management on the system considered. This study aimed to evaluate water pollution generated by wastewater from a polyculture system of tilapia and shrimp and discuss the management employee and their relation to the quality of the effluent released. It used a pond measuring 1500 m2, average depth 1.6 meters, where 12 cages of 1 m3 populated with tilapia juveniles were installed 33 days after the shrimps’ population. The tilapia juveniles were distributed in densities from 200 to 400 fish per cubic meter, reaching the density of 2.4 fish per square meter within the total pond area. Shrimp post-larvae were released outside the cages within the pond area in a density of 3.3 organisms per square meter. Total density considering fish and shrimps was of 5.7 organisms per square meter in the pond area. Water samples were taken weekly in affluent and effluent of the pond (January-August/2009). The mass balance model was calculated from the difference between the estimated load for the output and input of the pond. The average flow rate was 4.46 L/s. The average loads nitrogen was 0.072 Kg/day (affluent) and 0.179 Kg/day (effluent) and phosphorus 0.0136 Kg/day (affluent) and 0.031 Kg/day (effluent). The mass balance resulted in mean values of 0.11 ± 0.06 Kg/day for total nitrogen and 0.017 ± 0.010 Kg/day for total phosphorus indicating that the system exported nutrients. The use of Best Management Practices (BMP) likes better feed and water management as a way to minimize nutrient export.

关键词： Environmental Conservation BMP Aquaculture Water Flow

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Water Quality Assessment of a Trout Farming Effluent,Bocaina,Brazil

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第10期6卷 909-915页

作者： Bernardo Pinto Caramel Munique de Almeida Bispo Moraes Clovis Ferreira do Carmo Andre Martins Vaz-dos-Santos Yara Aiko Tabata Joao Alexandre Saviolo Osti Carlos Massatoshi Ishikawa Marcos Aureliano Silva Cerqueira cacilda thais janson Mercante Water Resources Center Fisheries InstituteSao PauloBrazil Federal University of Parana CuritibaBrazil Experimental Station of Salmon Sao PauloBrazil

The concern in mitigating the negative impact generated by the discharge of nutrients in the receiving water body is a challenge for the sustainable development of Brazilian fish farms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the water quality and environmental impact caused by trout farming system effluent with focus on discharge of phosphorus. Sampling was performed on a weekly basis in triplicate from September to November 2010. Sample sites were distributed according to the water flow: upstream from trout farming system, water supply, effluent, artificial wetland, mixing zone and downstream (60 m from effluent). In the field, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and turbidity were measured. In laboratory, nitrogen and phosphorus series, chlorophyll a, total solids suspended and their organic and inorganic fractions were analyzed. For the good growth of trout in production system, the abiotic factors described in the water quality monitoring demonstrated acceptable values. Environmentally, after passing through the production system and artificial wetland, there was an increase in concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, ammonium, chlorophyll a, total solids suspended and their organic and inorganic fractions (P < 0.05). These results are related with the quality of feed, feeding management and the inefficiency of the artificial wetland. Therefore, it is necessary to use best quality feed to meet the nutritional requirements of trout, maintaining an optimal feed conversion and reducing pollution generated by effluent.

关键词： Management Feeding Water Flow Discharge Phosphorus Pollution

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