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Sample Size Affect Ethnobotanical Index Values: Bootstrap as a Remedial Approach

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1758-1769页

作者： Gbemavo Dossou Sèblodo Judes Charlemagne cachon fresnel boris Lokonon Bruno Unité de Biostatistique et de Modélisation (UBM) Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Biosciences et Biotechnologies Appliquées (ENSBBA) Université Nationale des Sciences Technologies Ingénierie et Mathématiques (UNSTIM) Dassa-Zoumè Bénin Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Laboratoire de Biologie Expérimentale et Clinique (LaBEC) Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Biosciences et Biotechnologie Appliquées (ENSBBA) Université Nationale des Sciences Technologies Ingénierie et Mathématiques (UNSTIM) Dassa-Zoumè Bénin

Ethnobotanical indices are widely used to quantify cultural importance of plants in social studies. This study aims to show users of ethnobotanical indices the effect of sample variation and what methodological approach can be used to circumvent the problems related to sample variation. The methods used are to write an algorithm and used to simulate different sample sizes from which four ethnobotanic indices selected for the present study were estimated. Results showed the instability of the ethnobotanical indices under variations in the size of informants. It proposes bootstrapping as a statistical aid tool to remove the sample size effect in quantitative ethnobotany. For the indices used in the present study 1000 re-samplings eliminated the effect of sample size on the value of the indices. Researchers will have to take this new approach into account in order to calculate more precise ethnobotanical indices in order to better appreciate the cultural importance of plants.

关键词： Quantitative Ethnobotany Re-Sampling Inference

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Modification of the Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in Motorcycle Drivers Exposed to BTEX in Cotonou

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第11期10卷 104-112页

作者： cachon fresnel boris Sagbo H. Firmin Nanoukon Chimène Djedatin Gustave Atindehou Ménonvè Senou Maximin Ayi-Fanou Lucie Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Environment Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Biology National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Applied to Genomics National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin

The glutathione-S-transferase genes mainly the GSTM1 and GSTT1 alleles are responsible for the synthesis of detoxication enzymes that can remove toxic substances. The objective of this study is to seek changes in the genetic polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 in motorcycle drivers exposed to BTEX. Our study group consists of 60 motorcycle drivers including 30 professional and 30 non-professional. Blood samples were preleveled from the study population in the EDTA tubes and DNA was extracted by the phenol/chloroform method. The PCR technique was used to determine the presence or absence of genes. Our results showed that the percentage of GSTM1 null genotype has a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02), while the percentage of GSTT1 null genotype was non-significant (P = 0.76) between the two groups. The percentage of deletion of both genes is higher in professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers. Air pollution in Cotonou by BTEX seems to influence the deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes at a higher percentage among professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers.

关键词： BTEX Glutathione-S-Transferase Deletion PCR Motorcycle Drivers

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Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity of the Sap and Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Jatropha multifida Linn

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第7期10卷 171-182页

作者： Maximin Senou Jacques Ezéchiel Lokonon Edjégué Oloroun-Togni Ruth Abissi Félicienne Agbogba René J. Dehou Espérance Medoatinsa Pascal Tchogou boris Fresel cachon Alban Houngbeme Eugène Attakpa Amègnona Agbonon Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Biology National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey The Republic of Benin Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA) Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Godomey The Republic of Benin Laboratoire National de Pharmacognosie/Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CBRST) Cotonou The Republic of Benin Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie de la Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST) de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Godomey The Republic of Benin Laboratoire de Physiologie/Pharmacologie Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lome The Republic of Togo Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou The Republic of Benin

Introduction: Jatropha multifida Lin was a plant of traditional Beninese medicine used as an antibiotic. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the toxicity of the sap and the aqueous extract of Jatropha multifida leaves. Methods: Phytochemical screening of Jatropha multifida leaves was carried out. The extract was obtained by maceration. The antimicrobial activity of sap and leaves was evaluated on the five strains of hospital germs. Acute oral toxicity by forced gavage in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was performed on female Wistar rats. Biochemical and hematological parameters were determined. Results: The presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, anthocyanins, mucilages, leuco-anthocyanins and saponosides was noted in the leaves of Jatropha multifida. The aqueous extracts of the leaves inhibited two strains of Staphylococcus aureus out of three, while the sap of Jatropha multifida was 100% bactericidal against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus D. The sap and aqueous leaf extract were not bactericidal on strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the toxicity, there was no death of rats and the aqueous extract of the leaves did not significantly vary the weight of the rats, the creatinine, the ALAT transaminase, the hemoglobin level, the number of white blood cells and blood platelets. Conclusion: The sap of Jatropha multifida exerted a more effective antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract of its leaves. The leaves were not acutely toxic.

关键词： Jatropha multifida Antibacterial Activity Toxicity Benin

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