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Modification of the Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in Motorcycle Drivers Exposed to BTEX in Cotonou

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第11期10卷 104-112页

作者： cachon fresnel Boris Sagbo H. Firmin Nanoukon Chimène Djedatin Gustave Atindehou Ménonvè Senou Maximin Ayi-Fanou Lucie Laboratory of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Environment Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Biology National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Applied to Genomics National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin

The glutathione-S-transferase genes mainly the GSTM1 and GSTT1 alleles are responsible for the synthesis of detoxication enzymes that can remove toxic substances. The objective of this study is to seek changes in the genetic polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 in motorcycle drivers exposed to BTEX. Our study group consists of 60 motorcycle drivers including 30 professional and 30 non-professional. Blood samples were preleveled from the study population in the EDTA tubes and DNA was extracted by the phenol/chloroform method. The PCR technique was used to determine the presence or absence of genes. Our results showed that the percentage of GSTM1 null genotype has a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02), while the percentage of GSTT1 null genotype was non-significant (P = 0.76) between the two groups. The percentage of deletion of both genes is higher in professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers. Air pollution in Cotonou by BTEX seems to influence the deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes at a higher percentage among professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers.

关键词： BTEX Glutathione-S-Transferase Deletion PCR Motorcycle Drivers

Diversity and Distribution of Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassettes Mec (SCCmec) Types I, II and III in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Strains Isolated from Surfaces and Medico-Technical Materials of the University Hospital of Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2022年第3期12卷 122-133页

作者： Nanoukon Chimene cachon fresnel Djèdatin Gustave Sina Haziz Socohou Akim Dado Aurel Kougblènou Enorck Badé Farid Agbangla Clémént Baba-Moussa Lamine Saïd Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Bio-Informatique Appliquée à la Génomique Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Bioscience et de Biotechnologies Appliquées Université Nationale des Sciences Technologies Ingénierie et Mathématique Dassa-Zoumè Bénin Laboratoire de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire et Environnement Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d’Analyse des Génomes Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin

The coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have long been considered to be low pathogenicity. The possibility of a horizontal transfer of resistance and virulence genes from S. aureus to CoNS could increase the pathogenicity of these bacteria. The objective of this work is to contribute to a better knowledge of the pathogenicity of (CoNS) strains isolated from surfaces and medico-technical materials of the University Hospital of Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava. Seventy strains of CoNS isolated from surfaces and medico-technical materials of the University Hospital of Abomey-Calavi were tested for methicillin resistance. The resistance to methicillin was evaluated phenotypically by the resistance of the strains to cefoxitin and then confirmed by the search for the mecA gene using PCR. The genes encoding staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec) types I, II and III originally found in S. aureus were tested in CoNS by multiplex PCR using specific primers. All the strains studied showed resistance to methicillin. However, only 28.5% (20/70) carried the mecA gene. SCCmec was identified in only 17.14% (12/70) of these strains. Four strains carried mecA gene as well as one of the three types of SCCmec searched. SCCmec types I, II and III were identified in CoNS strains studied. SCCmec type I was the most frequent chromosomal cassette in mecA+ strains, only or in association with another SCCmec. The study also revealed methicillin-resistant strains carrying SCCmec lacking the mecA gene. Finally, 60% (12/20) of the strains were found to be non-typeable. Our results show that CoNS strains present a high resistance to methicillin and the source of this resistance in the CoNS of our study is not only the mecA gene. There is also a high diversity of SCCmec, justified by a large number of non-typeable CoNS strains. The mecA− SCCmec+ methicillin-resistant strains deserve to be sequenced for further studies.

关键词： Coagulase Negative Staphylococci mecA Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette

Analysis of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Farmers and Non-Farmers in the Zou Region of Central Benin

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第12期11卷 362-375页

作者： Fidele Sonounameto Marcelin Agbo Colette Azandjeme Santorin Seton Mansouratou Betira Jean-Baptiste Amagbegnon fresnel cachon Maximin Senou Casmir Akpovi Alphonse Sezan Camille Dossou Lamine Baba-Moussa Joachim Gbenou Omedine Koukoui Laboratory of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutic Biotechnology (LaRBiMeP) Research Unit of Animal Physiology Cell Signaling and Pharmacology (U-PASCPharm) ENSBBA/UNSTIM Dassa-Zoumé Benin Department of Health Promotion IRSP/UAC Ouidah Benin Laboratory of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutic Biotechnology (LaRBiMeP) Unit of Experimental and Clinical Biology (U-BEC) ENSBBA/UNSTIM Dassa-Zoumé Benin Laboratory of Applied Biology Research Research Unit on Non-Communicable Diseases and Cancer EPAC/UAC Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines Department of Animal Physiology FAST/UAC Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology FAST/UAC Abomey Calavi Benin Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essential Oils FAST/UAC Cotonou Benin

The heavy use of chemicals, pesticides, cosmetics and plastic packaging coincides with a resurgence of cardiovascular disease, in particular hypertension, which is affecting younger and younger populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive farmers compared with hypertensive non farmers. This was a prospective case-control study that included 239 hypertensive farmers and non farmers aged 25 to 65 with blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg. Hypertensive farmers (101) represented 42.25% of the population versus hypertensive non farmers (138) 57.74%. The median ages were 47 ± 11.3 years for farmers and 51.45 ± 9.77 years for non farmers. Biochemical analysisand screening for major cardiovascular disease risk factors such as metabolic syndrome were performed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the new definition of the International Diabetes Federation. Our results revealed higher blood glucose levels in farmers (47.77%) than in non farmers (27.20%) (p = 0.0132). Dyslipidemia was more frequent in non farmerswith high level of LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. Farmers presented a high level of tryglycerides. The prevalence of obesity was higher in non farmers 51 (36.96%) than farmers 18 (17.82%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 106 (44.35%) in our study population. There was not an important difference between farmers (39.60%) and non farmers (47.82%). However, the variation of metabolic syndrome according to age and sex showed a higher prevalence in young male farmers aged 25 to 45 whereas non farmers presented an increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to age and the absence of metabolic syndrome between age 25 and 35. Our results showed that the cardiovascular risk appeared early in young farmers compared with non farmers suggesting a possible role of pesticides in the onset of this risk.

关键词： Chemicals Farmers Metabolic Syndrome Hypertension

Thermo-Mechanical Calculation of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger Using Homogenization

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第6期31卷 2309-2328页

作者： GARNIER Christophe VINCENT Sébastien LAMAGNERE Pierre LEJEAIL Yves cachon Lionel CEA DESIRESNENuclear Technology DepartmentCadarache F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-DuranceFrance

The Finite-Element Method(FEM) is mainly used to design Compact Heat Exchanger structures. However, the narrow channel structures require fine mesh to accurately compute stress and strain. Combined with the dimensions of the overall component, this leads to an excessively large numerical model and therefore long computing time. This is especially true for transient thermal analyses, which require taking into account the full geometry. It is therefore interesting to reduce the size of the mesh. Periodic homogenization is an efficient method for achieving this goal. It can be applied to the core of the structure when periodic patterns(identified on basis of the arrangement of the channels) exist. A method based on this technique, with some improvements, is proposed in this paper for thermal loading without internal pressure. In addition to the Equivalent Homogenous Medium(EHM) replacing the periodic patterns, some explicit channels are interposed between the EHM and the cover plates. This has two advantages. The first is to smooth the transition of stiffness between the cover plates and the homogenized medium. The second one is to be able to directly compute stress and strain on the most critical channels located in this area. This paper assesses the method’s effectiveness for thermal loadings in order to conduct thermal stress analyses. First, the equivalent elastic constants of the EHM are obtained with a numerical Finite Elements Method. Then, two 2D cases using EHM are compared against a 2D explicit model(i.e. explicit geometry for the core channels). These cases are chosen to validate the EHM itself and its effectiveness for a real section of the heat exchanger. Results show very good agreement with a relative difference lower than 1%. In addition, the sensitivity to the number of layers added between the EHM and the cover plates is analysed. It is recommended interposing at least two layers of patterns to obtain converged results for the considered configuration

关键词： compact heat exchanger thermal stress finite element method homogenization

Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity of the Sap and Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Jatropha multifida Linn

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第7期10卷 171-182页

作者： Maximin Senou Jacques Ezéchiel Lokonon Edjégué Oloroun-Togni Ruth Abissi Félicienne Agbogba René J. Dehou Espérance Medoatinsa Pascal Tchogou Boris Fresel cachon Alban Houngbeme Eugène Attakpa Amègnona Agbonon Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Biology National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey The Republic of Benin Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA) Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Godomey The Republic of Benin Laboratoire National de Pharmacognosie/Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CBRST) Cotonou The Republic of Benin Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie de la Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST) de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Godomey The Republic of Benin Laboratoire de Physiologie/Pharmacologie Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lome The Republic of Togo Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou The Republic of Benin

Introduction: Jatropha multifida Lin was a plant of traditional Beninese medicine used as an antibiotic. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the toxicity of the sap and the aqueous extract of Jatropha multifida leaves. Methods: Phytochemical screening of Jatropha multifida leaves was carried out. The extract was obtained by maceration. The antimicrobial activity of sap and leaves was evaluated on the five strains of hospital germs. Acute oral toxicity by forced gavage in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight was performed on female Wistar rats. Biochemical and hematological parameters were determined. Results: The presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, anthocyanins, mucilages, leuco-anthocyanins and saponosides was noted in the leaves of Jatropha multifida. The aqueous extracts of the leaves inhibited two strains of Staphylococcus aureus out of three, while the sap of Jatropha multifida was 100% bactericidal against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus D. The sap and aqueous leaf extract were not bactericidal on strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the toxicity, there was no death of rats and the aqueous extract of the leaves did not significantly vary the weight of the rats, the creatinine, the ALAT transaminase, the hemoglobin level, the number of white blood cells and blood platelets. Conclusion: The sap of Jatropha multifida exerted a more effective antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract of its leaves. The leaves were not acutely toxic.

关键词： Jatropha multifida Antibacterial Activity Toxicity Benin