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Structural and tectonothermal evolution of.the ultrahigh-temperature Bakhuis Granulite Belt,Guiana Shield,Surinam:Palaeoproterozoic to recent

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Geoscience f.ontiers 2021年第2期12卷 677-692页

作者： f.ank f.Beunk Emond W.f.de Roever Keewook Yi f.aukje M.Brouwer f.culty of.Science Geology and Geochemistry ClusterVrije Universiteit Amsterdam(VUA)De Boelelaan 10851081HVAmsterdamthe Netherlands Division of.Earth and Environmental Sciences Korean Basic Science InstituteOchang363-833South Korea

We constrain the multistage tectonic evolution of.the Palaeoproterozoic UHT metamorphic(P=0.9–1.0 GPa,T>1000℃,t=2088–2031 Ma)Bakhuis Granulite Belt(BGB)in Surinam on the Guiana Shield,using large-to small-scale structures,Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry and published f.uid inclusion and zircon geochronological *** BGB f.rms a narrow,NE–SW striking belt between two f.rmerly connected,~E–W oriented granite-greenstone belts,f.rmed between converging Amazonian and West Af.ican continental masses prior to collision and Transamazonian *** detrital zircon in BGB metasediments conf.rms agewise to Birimian zircon of.West Af.ica and suggests derivation f.om the subsequently subducted Af.ican passive ***-temperature metamorphism may have f.llowed slab break-of. and asthenospheric heat *** metamorphic structures result f.om layer-parallel shearing and f.lding,ref.ecting initial transtensional exhumation of.the subducted Af.ican margin af.er slab break-of..A second HT event involves intrusion,at ca.0.49 GPa,of.charnockites and metagabbros at 1993–1984 Ma and a layered anorthosite at 1980 Ma,af.er the BGB had already cooled too northward subduction under the greenstone belts,along a new active margin to their south.A pronounced syntaxial bend in the new margin points northward towards the BGB and is likely the result of.indentation by an anticlinorial f.exural bulge of.the subducting *** of.the subducting oceanic plate along this bulge explains why the charnockites are restricted to the *** BGB subsequently experienced doming under an extensional detachment exposed in its southwestern border *** was f.cused in the BGB as a result of.the f.exural bulge in the subducting plate and localised heating of.the overriding plate by charnockite *** present,straight NE–SW long-side boundaries of.the BGB are superimposed mylonite zones,overprinted by pseudotachylites,previously dated

关键词： Bakhuis granulite belt Guiana shield Transamazonian orogeny UHT metamorphism Tectonics P-T-t evolution

Volume Transmission and Its Dif.erent f.rms in the Central Nervous System

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Chinese Journal of.Integrative Medicine 2013年第5期19卷 323-329页

作者： Kjell f.xe Dasiel o.Borroto-Escuela Wilber Romero-f.rnandez 张维波 Luigi f.Agnati Department of.Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Institute of.Acupuncture and Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Department of.Biomedical Sciences University of Modena

Volume transmission （VT） is a widespread mode of.intercellular communication that occurs in the extracellular f.uid （ECf. and in the cerebrospinal f.uid （CSf. of.the brain with VI signals moving f.om source to target cells via energy gradients leading to dif.usion and convection （f.ow）. The VT channels are dif.use f.rming a plexus in the extracellular space, while in wiring transmission （WT） the channels （axons, terminals） are private. The speed is slow （seconds-minutes） in VT while rapid in the millisecond range in w-r. The extracellular space is the substrate f.r VT, which is modulated by the extracellular matrix. Extrasynaptic VT is linked to synaptic transmission and likely of.en takes place due to incomplete dif.usion barriers with the synaptic transmitter reaching extrasynaptic domains of.the pre-and post-synaptic membrane of.the synapse, the astroglia, and even adjacent synapses. Indications exist f.r the existence of.striatal D2-1ike receptor-mediated extrasynaptic f.rm of.dopamine （DA） VT at the local circuit level in vivo in the human striatum. Synaptic glutamate via extrasynaptic VT can act on extrasynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors located on the astroglia leading to ca2~ mediated astrocytic glutamate release into the extracellular space （ECS）. Long distance peptide VT and CSf.VT is the major long distance VT with distances more than 1 mm and f.ow in the CSf. Indications f.r long distance vr of.beta-endorphin and oxytocin are obtained. We propose that monogamy in the f.male prairie vole may take place through an increase in oxytocin v-r, especially in nucleus accumbens. Release of.extracellular vesicles containing receptors, proteins, RNAs and mtDNA f.om cellular networks in the central nervous system （CNS） into the ECf.and CSf.may be a f.ndamental communication in the CNS. It represents a special f.rm of.volume transmission, the Roamer subtype of.VT. It may greatly contribute to dynamic events of.synaptic plasticity but also to spread of.patholog

关键词： extrasynaptic volume transmission long distance volume transmission Roamer type of.volume transmission Chinese medicine Meridian

High-perf.rmance oxygen reduction and evolution carbon catalysis： f.om mechanistic studies to device integration

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Nano Research 2017年第4期10卷 1163-1177页

作者： John W. f. To Jia Wei Desmond Ng Samira Siahrostami Ai Leen Koh Yangjin Lee Zhihua Chen Kara D. f.ng Shucheng Chen Jiajun He Won-Gyu Bae Jennif.r Wilcox Hu Young Jeong Kwanpyo Kim f.lix Studt Jens K. Nфrskov Thomas f. Jaramillo Zhenan Bao Department of.Chemical Engineering Stan ford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Institute of.Chemical and Engineering Sciences Agency for Science Technology and Research Jurong Island 627833 Singapore Stanf.rd Nano Shared f.cilities Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Department of.Physics Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea Department of.Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401 USA UNIST Central Research f.cilities (UCRf. Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea SUNcaT Center f.r Interf.ce Science and catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA Institute of.catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute f.r Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany

The development of.high-perf.rmance and low-cost oxygen reduction and evolution catalysts that can be easily integrated into existing devices is crucial f.r the wide deployment of.energy storage systems that utilize o2-H2o chemistries, such as regenerative f.el cells and metal-air batteries. Herein, we report an NHB-activated N-doped hierarchical carbon （NHC） catalyst synthesized via a scalable route, and demonstrate its device integration. The NHC catalyst exhibited good perf.rmance f.r both the oxygen reduction reaction （oRR） and the oxygen evolution reaction （oER）, as demonstrated by means of.electrochemical studies and evaluation when integrated into the oxygen electrode of.a regenerative f.el cell. The activities observed f.r both the oRR and the oER were comparable to those achieved by state-of.the-art Pt and Ir catalysts in alkaline environments. We have f.rther identif.ed the critical role of.carbon def.cts as active sites f.r electrochemical activity through density f.nctional theory calculations and high-resolution TEM visualization. This work highlights the potential of.NHC to replace commercial precious metals in regenerative f.el cells and possibly metal-air batteries f.r cost-ef.ective storage of.intermittent renewable energy.

关键词： electrocatalysis porous carbon density f.nctional theory

Automatic Correction of.DEM Surf.ce Errors

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Journal of.Geographic Inf.rmation System 2017年第3期9卷 326-338页

作者： Ahmed f. Elaksher Civil Engineering Department Cal Poly University Pomona CA USA

The automation of.extracting planner surf.ces is a main f.eld of.research in digital photogrammetry. These surf.ces are essential to generate three dimensional GIS databases. Surf.ces are usually determined f.om either DEMs or images. Each dataset provides a dif.erent type of.inf.rmation. Thus, the combination of.the two datasets should enhance the surf.ce reconstruction process. This paper presents a new technique f.r generating 3D surf.ces by combining both correlation-based DEMs and aerial images. The process starts by discriminating DEM points that represent planner surf.ces using local statistics of.neighboring elevations and intensities and point elevations. A segmented orthophoto is then used to group these points into dif.erent regions. The elevations of.the points in each region are f.d into a least squares adjustment model to compute the best-f.t planner surf.ce parameters. Ref.nement of.surf.ce borders is then perf.rmed using a region growing algorithm. The RMSE f.r f.ve test sites showed a spatial accuracy of.5 - 8 cm.

关键词： Photogrammetry DEM orthophoto Planner Surf.ces

Ef.ects of.Plant Residue Decomposition on Soil N Availability,Microbial Biomass and β-Glucosidase Activity During Soil f.rtility Improvement in Ghana

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Pedosphere 2019年第5期29卷 608-618页

作者： Samuel T. PARTEY Robert B. Z0UGM0RE Naresh V. THEVATHASAN Richard f. PREZIoSI CGI AR CCAFS West Africa ProgramInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Bamako B.P. Box 320 (Mali) School of.Environmental Sciences University of GuelphGuelph NIG 2W1 (Canada) f.culty of.Lif. Sciences The University of ManchesterManchester M13 9PL (UK)

With limited use of.inorganic f.rtilizers on smallholder f.rms,plant residues could be viable alternatives f.r soil f.rtility *** study was conducted to determine how residue quality and decomposition of.nine plant species inf.uence soil N availability,microbial biomass,andβ-glucosidase activity during soil f.rtility *** dif.erences in N concentration were f.und among the species,ranging f.om 12.2 g kg-1 in Zea mays to 39.2 g kg-1 in Baphia *** C/N ratio was the highest in ***(34.4),whereas lignin and polyphenol concentrations were the greatest in Acacia *** highest decomposition rate(0.251%per day)occurred in tithonia diversif.lia,and the lowest in ***,Albizia zygia,***,and ***,with the half.lives of.28-56 *** 80%and 89%of.N,P,K,ca,and Mg were released f.om *** in 7 d,compared with over 70%retention in ***,***,and *** decomposition and nutrient release half.lives of.Gliricidia sepium,Leucaena leucocephala,Azadirachta indica,and Senna spectabilis were less than 14 *** mineral N,microbial biomass,andβ-glucosidase activity increased under all treatments,with *** having the greatest *** N mineralization occurred in all of.the species throughout the experiment,an initial N immobilization was recorded in the ***,***,***,and *** treatments f.r up to 14 *** and nutrient release rates,mineral N,soil microbial biomass,andβ-glucosidase activity were dependent on residue quality,and P and lignin levels,the lignin/N ratio,and the(lignin+polyphenol)/N ratio had the most signif.cant ef.ects(P≤0.05).

关键词： leguminous species litter quality microbial activity N mineralization nutrient release organic matter

Numerical Simulation of.the tip Aerodynamics and Acoustics Test

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Journal of.Thermal Science 2016年第2期25卷 153-160页

作者： f.Tejero E P Doerf.er o Szulc J L Cross The Szwalski Institute of.f.uid-f.ow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences. Fiszera 14 80-231 Gdansk Poland NASA Ames Research Center (retired) Moffett Field CA USA

The application of.an ef.icient f.ow control system on helicopter rotor blades may lead to improved aerodynamic perf.rmance. Recently, our invention of.Rod Vortex Generators(RVGs) has been analyzed f.r helicopter rotor blades in hover with success. As a step f.rward, the study has been extended to f.rward f.ight conditions. f.r this reason, a validation of.the numerical modelling f.r a ref.rence helicopter rotor(without f.ow control) is needed. The article presents a study of.the f.ow-f.eld of.the AH-1G helicopter rotor in low-, medium- and high-speed f.rward f.ight. The Cf. code f.oWer f.om DLR has proven to be a suitable tool f.r the aerodynamic analysis of.the two-bladed rotor without any artif.cial wake modelling. It solves the URANS equations with LEA(Linear Explicit Algebraic stress) k-ω model using the chimera overlapping grids technique. Validation of.the numerical model uses comparison with the detailed f.ight test data gathered by Cross J. L. and Watts M. E. during the tip Aerodynamics and Acoustics Test(TAAT) conducted at NASA in 1981. Satisf.ctory agreements f.r all speed regimes and a presence of.signif.cant f.ow separation in high-speed f.rward f.ight suggest a possible benef.t f.om the f.ture implementation of.RVGs. The numerical results based on the URANS approach are presented not only f.r a popular, low-speed case commonly used in rotorcraf. community f.r Cf. codes validation but pref.rably f.r medium- and high-speed test conditions that have not been published to date.

关键词： AH-1G TAAT helicopter rotor f.rward f.ight chimera overlapping grid

on the robustness of.EEG tensor completion methods

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第9期64卷 1828-1842页

作者： DUAN f.ng JIA Hao ZHANG ZhiWen f.NG f.n TAN Ying DAI YangYang CICHoCKI Andrzej YANG ZhengLu caIAf. Cesar f. SUN Zhe SoLE-caSALS Jordi College of.Artif.cial Intelligence Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Skolkowo Institute of.Science and Technology Moscow 121205Russia College of.Computer Science Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Department of.Inf.rmatics Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun 87-100Poland Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 01-447Poland College of.Computer Science Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Instituto Argentino de Radioastronom´ıa IAR-CCT La Plata CONICET/CIC-PBA/UNLPVilla Elisa 1894Argentina Computational Engineering Applications Unit Head Office for Information Systems and CybersecurityRIKENWako-Shi 351-0106Japan Department of.Psychiatry University of CambridgeCambridge CB28AHUK Data and Signal Processing Research Group University of Vic-Central University of CataloniaCatalonia 08500Spain

During the acquisition of.electroencephalographic(EEG) signals, data may be missing or corrupted by noise and artif.cts. To reconstruct the incomplete data, EEG signals are f.rstly converted into a three-order tensor(multi-dimensional data) of.shape time × channel × trial. Then, the missing data can be ef.iciently recovered by applying a tensor completion method(TCM).However, there is not a unique way to organize channels and trials in a tensor, and dif.erent numbers of.channels are available depending on the EEG setting used, which may af.ect the quality of.the tensor completion results. The main goal of.this paper is to evaluate the robustness of.EEG completion methods with several designed parameters such as the ordering of.channels and trials, the number of.channels, and the amount of.missing data. In this work, the results of.completing missing data by several TCMs were compared. To emulate dif.erent scenarios of.missing data, three dif.erent patterns of.missing data were ***, the amount of.missing data on completion ef.ects was analyzed, including the time lengths of.missing data and the number of.channels or trials af.ected by missing data. Secondly, the numerical stability of.the completion methods was analyzed by shuf.ling the indices along channels or trials in the EEG data tensor. f.nally, the way that the number of.electrodes of.EEG tensors inf.uences completion ef.ects was assessed by changing the number of.channels. Among all the applied TCMs, the simultaneous tensor decomposition and completion(STDC) method achieves the best perf.rmance in providing stable results when the amount of.missing data or the electrode number of.EEG tensors is changed. In other words, STDC proves to be an excellent choice of.TCM, since permutations of.trials or channels have almost no inf.uence on the complete results. The STDC method can ef.iciently complete the missing EEG signals. The designed simulations can be regarded as a procedure to validate whether or

关键词： electroencephalogram corrupted data missing data tensor completion tensor decomposition

Embedding hollow Co3o4 nanoboxes into a three- dimensional macroporous graphene f.amework f.r high-perf.rmance energy storage devices

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2836-2846页

作者： Mengping Li Maher f. EI-Kady Jee Y. Hwang Matthew D. Kowal Kristof.r Marsh Haosen Wang Zhijuan Zhao Richard B. Kaner Department of.Chemistry and Biochemistry and calif.rnia NanoSystems Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Department of.Chemistry Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt Department of.Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

carbon materials are widely used f.r supercapacitor applications thanks to their high surf.ce area, good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability. However, the development of.high energy density carbon supercapacitors still remains a challenge. In this work, hollow Co3o4 nanoboxes have been embedded into three-dimensional macroporous laser-scribed graphene （LSG） to produce composite electrodes with improved electrochemical perf.rmance. Here, Co3o4 provides high capacity through f.st and reversible redox reactions, while LSG serves as a conductive network to maintain high power. The open nanobox morphology is a unique solution f.r extracting the maximum capacity f.om Co3o4, resulting in electrodes whose surf.ces, both internal and external, are accessible to the electrolyte. The electrochemical perf.rmance of.the composite material is promising with a volumetric capacity of.60.0 C/cm^3 and a specif.c capacity of.542.3 C/g, corresponding to 682.0 C/g of.the constituent Co3o4. With a low equivalent series resistance of.0.9 Ω, the Co3o4/LSG electrode is able to maintain 113.1% of.its original capacity af.er 10,000 cycles. This work provides new insights into the design of.high-perf.rmance carbon/metal oxide nano- composites f.r next-generation energy storage devices.

关键词： supercapacitor graphene cobalt oxide laser composite hybrid capacitor

爪哇海末次冰盛期以来的季风与穿越流活动记录

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第四纪研究 2008年第3期28卷 465-471页

作者：丁旋方念乔 f. Guichard f. Bassinot 中国地质大学海洋学院北京100083 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Domaine du CNRSFrance

文章通过SHl9034岩芯氧同位素曲线、AMS ^14C测年、浮游有孔虫组合及其所反映的温盐变化特点，并与爪哇海北部的SHl9006岩芯对比研究，获得如下认识：末次冰期2l～15kaB．P．阶段，爪哇海区东南季风强而西北季风微弱，气候冷干，混合层... 详细信息

文章通过SHl9034岩芯氧同位素曲线、AMS ^14C测年、浮游有孔虫组合及其所反映的温盐变化特点，并与爪哇海北部的SHl9006岩芯对比研究，获得如下认识：末次冰期2l～15kaB．P．阶段，爪哇海区东南季风强而西北季风微弱，气候冷干，混合层薄，生物生产力高；15～10kaB．P．和10～7kaB．P．阶段由于海平面迅速上升，望加锡海峡和龙目海峡通道变宽，出现较强的表层穿越流活动；早全新世东南与西北季风都有增强，说明当时研究区气候有着更强的季节性；7～3kaB．P．阶段，爪哇海北部的穿越流主要在温跃层水中传输，到达爪哇上升流区时，上升至表层，使得混合层增厚，同时也抑制了上升流活动；约3kaB．P．以来，研究区穿越流活动表现与现代相近的性质，主要在温跃层水中传输。

关键词：爪哇海末次冰盛期浮游有孔虫古季风穿越流