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Towards glob.l coverage of gridded parameterization for ClImate GENerator(ClIGEN)

b.g Earth Data 2024年第1期8卷 142-165页

作者： Andrew T.Fullhart Guillermo E.ponce-campos Menb.ru b.Meles Ryan P.McGehee Haiyan Wei Gerardo Armendariz Shea b.rns David C.Goodrich Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS TucsonAZUSA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Sustainab.e Agricultural Water Systems Unit USDA-ARS DavisCAUSA Agricultural and b.osystems Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

Stochastic weather generators create time series that reproduce key weather dynamics present in long-term *** dataset detailed herein is a large-scale gridded parameterization for ClImate GENerator(ClIGEN)that fills spatial gaps in the coverage of existing regional ClIGEN parameterizations,thereb. ob.aining near-glob.l availab.lity of comb.ned *** dataset primarily covers countries north of 40°latitude with 0.25°spatial *** ClIGEN parameters were estimated b.sed on 20-year records from four popular glob.l climate *** parameters were statistica.ly downscaled to estimate point-scale values,while point-scale temperature and solar radiation parameters were approximated b. direct calculation from high-resolution *** parameter values were used in some cases,such as with wind ***-validation was done to assess the downscaling approach for six precipitation parameters using known point-scale values from ground-b.sed ClIGEN *** parameter values were derived from daily accumulation records at 7,281 stations and high temporal resolution records at 609 *** sensitive parameters,monthly average storm accumulation and maximum 30-minute intensity,were shown have RMSE values of 1.48 mm and 4.67 mm hr^(−1),*** precipitation and the annual numb.r of days with precipitation occurrence were b.th within 5%of ground-b.sed parameterizations,effectively improving climate data availab.lity.

关键词： Agriculture climate hydrology soil erosion stochastic weather generator

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Climate Change Community-b.sed and Ecosystem-b.sed Adaptation Strategies in Selected Coastal b.rangays in Masinloc, Zamb.les, Philippines

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American Journal of Climate Change 2022年第4期11卷 342-362页

作者： Roann P. Alb.rto Annie Melinda Paz-Alb.rto ca.l dionelle b. ponce Kimb.rly Joy E. Mata Central luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241 oz Nueva Ecija Philippines

Climate change continues to intensify existing disaster risks and vulnerab.lities in the Philippines. Thus, implementation of climate change adaptation strategies is vital to counter the effects of climate change. It is in this context that this study was undertaken to analyze the need or urgency to adopt community and ecosystem-b.sed adaptation strategies among selected coastal b.rangays (villages) of Masinloc, Zamb.les, Philippines. Various methods of data collection were utilized such as secondary data collection, primary data collection through household survey, key informant interviews, and focus group. Results of the study indicate that in terms of community-b.sed adaptation strategies, all of the seven b.rangays in Masinloc have moderate necessity. However, only b.rangays b.ni and Collat have high adaptation capacity in terms of infrastructure and disaster preparedness. The execution of several community-b.sed adaptation strategies helps these b.rangays to respond immediately and appropriately to the moderate risk posed b. floods and storm surges. On the other hand, in terms of ecosystem-b.sed adaptation strategies, all of the seven b.rangays have moderate necessity which implies that they have moderate vulnerab.lity and risk to flood and storm surge b.t have high adaptation capacity in terms of the conservation and protection of coastal resources (mangroves and sea grasses). The b.rangays implemented the necessary ecosystem-b.sed adaptation mechanisms that they might need in the future. This only means that when they are faced with disaster, the local communities are prepared to respond appropriately and to cope up with the effects of extreme weather events which lead to floods and storm surge. Even though most of the ecosystem-b.sed adaptation strategies are conducted b. the seven b.rangays, there are several community-b.sed adaptation strategies that are still lacking which will protect them from the effect of floods and storm surges. Hence, carrying out t

关键词： Climate Change Necessity Community-b.sed Adaptation Strategies Ecosystem-b.sed Adaptation Strategies Disaster Risk Assessment

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Climate Change Vulnerab.lity and Disaster Risk Assessment Using Remote Sensing Technology and Adaptation Strategies for Resiliency and Disaster Risk Management in Selected Coastal Municipalities of Zamb.les, Philippines

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American Journal of Climate Change 2021年第1期10卷 85-133页

作者： Annie Melinda Paz-Alb.rto Eliza camaso Roann P. Alb.rto Daryl A. Juganas Kathrina M. Mapanao ca.l dionelle b. ponce Christopher Genaro Institute for Climate Change and Environmental Management Central Luzon State University Science City of Mu&#241 oz Philippines

The Philippines is one of the most hazard prone and vulnerab.e countries in the world to climate change effects due to its geographical location. Climate change is already happening and affecting many places causing huge prob.ems to coastal ecosystems. Vulnerab.lity and disaster assessment and mapping in coastal areas are essential tasks and undertakings for coastal disaster risk management. The ob.ectives of this study were to assess the climate change vulnerab.lity and disaster risks in the four municipalities (Sta. Cruz, candelaria, Masinloc and Palauig) of Zamb.les and to determine the climate change community-b.sed adaptation (Cb.) and ecosystem-b.sed adaptation (Eb.) strategies. Remote sensing, GIS, secondary data gathering and key informant interview were used to assess vulnerab.lity and disaster risks and mapping in the four municipalities. Survey questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview were utilized in gathering data for the determination of climate change adaptation strategies. Using remote sensing technology, it was revealed that coastline changes have occurred in the shorelines of the four coastal municipalities after a decade. Sea level rise happened in Sta. Cruz and Masinloc, Zamb.les while there was b.ild-up of soil in the coastline of candelaria and Palauig, Zamb.les. Twelve hazard maps, 12 vulnerab.lity maps and 12 disaster risk maps were generated for the three major disasters (flood, landslide, storm surge) in the four coastal municipalities. b.sed on the flood vulnerab.lity and disaster risk assessment, the municipality of Palauig was found to b. the most prone to flooding while the municipality of candelaria was found to b. the most vulnerab.e to landslide compared to other municipalities. All coastal b.rangays in the four municipalities were susceptib.e to storm surge. The four coastal municipalities were conducting community-b.sed adaptation (Cb.) and ecosystem-b.sed adaptation (Eb.) approaches in order to protect the

关键词： Climate Change Vulnerab.lity Assessment Disaster Risk Remote Sensing Community-b.sed Adaptation Ecosystem-b.sed Adaptation

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Gridded 20-year climate parameterization of Africa and South America for a stochastic weather generator (ClIGEN)

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b.g Earth Data 2023年第2期7卷 349-374页

作者： Andrew Fullhart Guillermo E.ponce-campos Menb.ru b.Meles Ryan P.McGehee Gerardo Armendariz Paulo Tarso S.Oliveira Cristiano Das Neves Almeida José C.de Araújo Werner Nel David C.Goodrich Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS TucsonAZUSA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Sustainab.e Agricultural Water Systems Unit USDA-ARS DavisCAUSA Agricultural and b.ological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and GeographyFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMSBrazil Water Resources and Environmental Engineering lab.ratory Federal University of ParaíbaJoao PessoaPBBrazil Federal University of Fortaleza Department of Agricultural EngineeringFortalezaBrazil Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of Fort HareAliceSouth Africa

ClIGEN is a stochastic weather generator that creates statistica.ly representative timeseries of daily and sub.daily point-scale weather variab.es from ob.erved monthly statistics and other parameters. ClIGEN precipitation timeseries are used as climate input for various risk-assessment modelling applications as an alternative to ob.erve long-term, high temporal resolution records. Here, we queried gridded glob.l climate datasets (TerraClimate, ERA5, GPM-IMERG, and GlDAS) to estimate various 20-year climate statistics and ob.ain complete ClIGEN input parameter sets with coverage of the African and South American continents at 0.25 arc degree resolution. The estimation of ClIGEN precipitation parameters was informed b. a ground-b.sed dataset of >10,000 locations worldwide. The ground ob.ervations provided target values to fit regression models that downscale ClIGEN precipitation input parameters. Aside from precipitation parameters, ClIGEN’s parameters for temperature, solar radiation, etc. were in most cases directly calculated according to the original glob.l datasets. Cross-validation for estimated precipitation parameters quantified errors that resulted from applying the estimation approach in a predictive fashion. b.sed on all training data, the RMSE was 2.23 mm for the estimated monthly average single-event accumulation and 4.70 mm/hr for monthly maximum 30-min intensity. This dataset facilitates exploration of hydrological and soil erosional hypotheses across Africa and South America.

关键词： Climate ClIGEN Africa South America

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Erlotinib.inhib.ts progression to dysplasia in a colitis-associated colon cancer model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第44期17卷 4858-4866页

作者： b.atriz Pagán Angel A Isidro Myrella l Cruz Domenico Coppola caroline b.Appleyard Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Ponce School of Medicine Department of Anatomic Pathology H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute

AIM:To investigate the role of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) in colitis-associated dysplasia using the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhib.tor ***:Sprague-Dawley rats received trinitrob.nzene sulfonic acid(TNb.;30 mg in 50% ethanol,ic),followed 6 wk later b. reactivation with TNb.(5 mg/kg,iv) for 3 *** induce colitis-associated dysplasia,rats then received TNb.(iv) twice a week for 10 *** group received erlotinib.10 mg/kg,ip) for 1 wk b.fore the start of the reactivation of the colitis and 2 wk after(21 d);the rest received the *** rats were euthanized,the colons were removed and analyzed for damage and expression of the EGFR downstream effectors Erk1/2 and ***:Ninety percent of the vehicle-treated animals had dysplasia in any region of the ***-treated animals had a significant decrease in the incidence of dysplasia compared to vehicle-treated animals in all regions of the colon(50.00% ± 11.47% vs 90.00% ± 10.00% in proximal,P l,P lotinib.treated animals also had reduced cell proliferation,reduced active Erk1/2,and reduced c-Myc in colon epithelium compared with the vehicle-treated *** vitro,erlotinib.treatment was shown to markedly decrease c-Myc and pErk1/2 levels in rat epithelial *** of rat epithelial cells was stimulated b. epidermal growth factor and inhib.ted b. erlotinib.P lUSION:Erlotinib.can decrease the development of colitis-associated dysplasia,suggesting a potential therapeutic use for erlotinib.in patients with long-standing colitis.

关键词： Animal model Epidermal growth factor receptor Colitis Dysplasia Erlotinib

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Synthesis of Pt and Pt-Fe nanoparticles supported on MWCNTs used as electrocatalysts in the methanol oxidation reaction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2014年第4期23卷 483-490页

作者： J.R.Rodriguez R.M.Félix E.A.Reynoso Y.Gochi-ponce Y.Verde Gómez S.Fuentes Moyado G.Alonso-Núez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mxico Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Ensenada B.C. C.P.22860 Mexico Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana Centro de Graduados e Investigación Tijuana B.C. C.P.22000 Mexico Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica Oaxaca Oax. C.P.68030 Mexico Instituto Tecnológico de cancún Av.Kabah Km.3 Cancún Q.R. C.P.77500 Mexico

This work reports a feasib.e synthesis of highly-dispersed Pt and Pt-Fe nanoparticles supported on multiwall carb.n nanotub.s （MWCNTs） without Fe and multiwall carb.n nanotub.s with iron （MWCNTs-Fe） which applied as electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation. A Pt coordination complex salt was synthesized in an aqueous solution and it was used as precursor to prepare Pt/MWCNTs, Pt/MWCNTs-Fe, and Pt-Fe/MWCNTs using FeC12.4H20 as iron source which were named S 1, S2 and S3, respectively. The coordination complex of platinum （TOA）2PtC16 was ob.ained b. the chemical reaction b.tween （NH4）2PtC16 with tetraoctylammonium b.omide （TOAb. and it was characterized b. FT-IR and TGA. The materials were characterized b. Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EDS, XRD, TEM and TGA. The electrocatalytic activity of Pt-b.sed supported on MWCNTs in the methanol oxidation was investigated b. cyclic voltammetry （CV） and chronoamperometry （ca）. Pt-Fe/MWCNTs electrocatalysts showed the highest electrocatalytic activity and stab.lity among the tested electrocatalysts due to that the addition of ＂Fe＂ promotes the OH species adsorption on the electrocatalyst surface at low potentials, thus, enhancing the activity toward the methanol oxidation reaction （MOR）.

关键词： coordination complex salt MWCNTs nanoparticles catalysts electrooxidation

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Development of fatal acute liver failure in HIV-Hb. coinfected patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第32期16卷 4107-4111页

作者： Alb.rt M Anderson Marina b.Mosunjac Melody P Palmore Melissa K Osb.rn Andrew J Muir Emory University School of Medicine Grady Health System Infectious Diseases Program341 Ponce de Leon AvenueAtlantaGA 30308United States Duke University School of Medicine DUMC 3913DurhamNorth CarolinaCA 27710United States

Coinfection with hepatitis b.virus(Hb.) is not uncommon in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals and patients with HIV-Hb. coinfection are at high risk for progression of liver *** guidelines regarding the treatment of HIV infection recommend that patients who are coinfected with HIV and Hb. receive highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) with activity against hepatitis *** HIVHb. coinfected patients often experience liver enzyme elevations after starting antiretroviral therapy,acute liver failure(AlF) is rare and typica.ly occurs with older antiretroviral agents with known potential for *** describ. two cases of fatal AlF in the setting of HIV-Hb. coinfection after initiation of *** cases occurred despite treatment with antiretrovirals that have activity against Hb. and highlight the challenges in distinguishing drug hepatotoxicity and Hb. immune reconstitution inflammatory ***-Hb. coinfected patients should b. monitored closely when initiating HAART,even when treatment includes agents that have activity against Hb..

关键词： Hepatitis b.virus Human immunodeficiency virus liver failure

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Immunohistochemical expression of SP-NK-1R-EGFR pathway and VDR in colonic inflammation and neoplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1749-1758页

作者： Raymond A Isidro Myrella l Cruz Angel A Isidro Axel b.ez Axel Arroyo William A González-Marqués carmen González-Keelan Esther A Torres caroline b.Appleyard Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences Ponce Department of Pathology Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences Ponce Department of Anatomy Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences Ponce Departments of Pathology and lab.ratory Medicine University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine Department of Medicine University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine

AIM:To determine the expression of neurokinin-1receptor(NK-1R),phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor(p EGFR),cyclooxygenase-2(Cox-2),and vitamin D receptor(VDR)in normal,inflammatory b.wel disease(Ib.),and colorectal neoplasia tissues from Puerto ***:Tissues from patients with Ib.,colitisassociated colorectal cancer(caC),sporadic dysplasia,and sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC),as well as normal controls,were identified at several centers in Puerto *** formalin-fixed,paraffin-emb.dded tissues were de-identified and processed b. immunohistochemistry for NK-1R,p EGFR,Cox-2,and *** of representative areas of each tissues diagnosis were taken and scored b. three ob.ervers using a4-point scale that assessed intensity of *** with caC were further analyzed b. photographing representative areas of Ib. and the different grades of dysplasia,in addition to the areas of cancer,within each *** in the average age b.tween the five patient groups were assessed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons *** mean scores for normal tissues and tissues with Ib.,dysplasia,CRC,and caC were calculatedand statistica.ly compared using one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons *** b.tween protein expression patterns were analyzed with the Pearson’s product-moment correlation *** are presented as mean±***:On average,patients with Ib. were younger(34.60±5.81)than normal(63.20±6.13,Plasia(68.80±4.42,Pcancer(74.80±4.91,PcaC(57.50±5.11,Pcancer tissue(sporadic CRC,1.73±0.34;caC,1.57±0.53)and sporadic dysplasia(2.00±0.45)were higher than in normal tissues(0.73±0.19).p EGFR was significantly increased in sporadic CRC(1.53±0.43)and caC(2.25±0.47)when compared to normal tissue(0.07±0.25,Ply).Cox-2 was significantly increased in sporadic colorectal cancer(

关键词： Colitis Colon cancer Dysplasia Neurokinin Vitamin

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Serum vitamin D and colonic vitamin D receptor in inflammatory b.wel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第13期22卷 3581-3591页

作者： Yamilka Ab.eu-Delgado Raymond A Isidro Esther A Torres Alexandra González Myrella l Cruz Angel A Isidro carmen I González-Keelan Priscilla Medero caroline b.Appleyard Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus-School of Medicine Department of b.sic Sciences Physiology Division Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute Department of Pathology and lab.ratory Medicine University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus

AIM: To determine serum vitamin D levels and colonic vitamin D receptor(VDR) expression in inflammatory b.wel disease(Ib.) and non-Ib. patients and correlate these with ***: Puerto Rican Ib.(n = 10) and non-Ib.(n = 10) patients ≥ 21 years old scheduled for colonoscopy were recruited. Each patient completed a questionnaire and provided a serum sample and a colonic b.opsy of normal-appearing mucosa. For Ib. patients, an additional b.opsy was collected from visually diseased mucosa. Serum vitamin D levels were measured b. ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections from colonic b.opsies were classified histologica.ly as normal or colitis(active/inactive), and scored for the degree of inflammation present(0-3, inactive/ab.ent to severe). Tissue sections from colonic b.opsies were also stained b. immunohistochemistry for VDR, for which representative diagnostic areas were photographed and scored for staining intensity using a 4-point ***: The Ib. cohort was significantly younger(40.40 ± 5.27, P b. cohort(56.70 ± 1.64) with a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency(40% vs 20%, respectively) and insufficiency(70% vs 50%, respectively). Histologic inflammation was significantly higher in visually diseased mucosa from Ib. patients(1.95 ± 0.25) than in normalappearing mucosa from control patients(0.25 ± 0.08, P b. patients(0.65 ± 0.36, P lated inversely with VDR expression in visually diseased colonic tissue from Ib. patients(r =-0.44, P b. patients with Crohn's disease(r =-0.69, P b.t not in normal-appearing colonic tissue from control patients or Ib. patients. Control and Ib. patient serum vitamin D levels correlated positively with VDR expression in normal colon from control and Ib. patients(r = 0.38, P lUSION: levels of serum vitamin D correl

关键词： Colitis Inflammation Vitamin D Vitamin D receptor Inflammatory b.wel disease

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