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Visual working memory span in adults with cochlear implants： Some preliminary findings

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第4期3卷 224-230页

作者： Aaron c.Moberly David B.Pisoni Michael S.harris Department of Otorhinolaryngology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center OH 43212USA Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University IN 47405 USA

Objective:Neurocognitive functions,specifically verbal working memory (WM),contribute to speech recognition in postlingual adults with cochlear implants (cIs) and normal-hearing (NH) listener shearing degraded *** hypotheses were tested:(1) WM accuracy as assessed using three visual span measures-digits,objects,and symbols-would correlate with recognition scores for spectrally degraded speech (through a cI or when noise-vocoded);(2) WM accuracy would be best for digit span,intermediate for object span,and lowest for symbol span,due to the increasing cognitive demands across these ***,response times,relating to processing demands,would be shortest for digit span,intermediate for object span,and longest for symbol span;(3) cI users would demonstrate poorer and slower performance than NH peers on WM tasks,as a result of less efficient verbally mediated encoding strategies associated with a period of prolonged auditory ***:cross-sectional study of 30 postlingually deaf adults with cIs and 34 NH *** were tested for sentence recognition in quiet (cI users) or after noise-vocoding (NH peers),along with WM using visual measures of digit span,object span,and symbol ***:Of the three measures of WM,digit span scores alone correlated with sentence recognition for cI users;no correlations were found using these three measures for NH *** predicted,WM accuracy (and response times) were best (and fastest) for digit span,intermediate for object span,and worst (and slowest) for symbol *** users and NH peers demonstrated equivalent WM accuracy and response time for digit span and object span,and similar response times for symbol span,but contrary to our original predictions,cl users demonstrated better accuracy on symbol span than NH ***:Verbal WM assessed using visual tasks relates weakly to sentence recognition for degraded *** users performed equivalently to NH peers on most visual tasks of

关键词： cochlear implants Sensorineural hearing loss Speech perception Verbal working memory Digit span

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现代工业中的后张预应力混凝土圆筒仓

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煤矿设计 1990年第3期 43-46页

作者： S.S.Safarian E.c.harris 叶军

1.前言多年来,对于建造圆形混凝土水池,后张予应力是一种公认具有许多优点的令人满意的方法。圆筒仓筒壁所受的主要荷载与水池相似,都是在任意高度上作用着垂直于壁面并沿圆周均匀分布的侧压力。当然,筒仓壁还承受仓内贮料流动产... 详细信息

1.前言多年来,对于建造圆形混凝土水池,后张予应力是一种公认具有许多优点的令人满意的方法。圆筒仓筒壁所受的主要荷载与水池相似,都是在任意高度上作用着垂直于壁面并沿圆周均匀分布的侧压力。当然,筒仓壁还承受仓内贮料流动产生摩擦引起的竖向荷载,或许还有因贮料不对称流动和其他因素引起的不规则侧压力。

关键词：圆筒仓混凝土圆筒仓预应力后张预应力

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Evolution and changes of permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Late Quaternary

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Research in cold and Arid Regions 2017年第1期9卷 1-19页

作者： XiaoLi chang HuiJun Jin RuiXia He LanZhi Lu StuartA.harris Hunan University of Science and Technology XiangtanHunan 411202China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Department of Geography University of Calgary2500 University DriveNW CalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N1N4

Due to the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP）, the cryosphere gradually developed on the higher mountain summits after the Neocene, becoming widespread during the Late Quaternary. During this time, permafrost on the QTP experienced repeated expansion and degradation. Based on the remains and cross-correlation with other proxy records such as those from glacial landforms, ice-core and paleogeography, the evolution and changes of permafrost and environmental changes on the QTP during the past 150,000 years were deduced and are presented in this *** least four obvious cycles of the extensive and intensive development, expansion and decay of permafrost occurred during the periods of 150-130, 80-50, 30-14 and after 10.8 ka B.P.. Ehiring the Holocene, fluctuating climatic environ-ments affected the permafrost on the QTP, and the peripheral mountains experienced six periods of discernible permafrost changes：（1） Stable development of permafrost in the early Holocene （10.8 to 8.5-7.0 ka B.P.）; （2） Intensive permafrost degradation during the Holocene Megathermal Period （HMP, from 8.5-7.0 to 4.0-3.0 ka B.P.）; （3） Permafrost expansion during the early Neoglacial period （ca. 4,000-3,000 to 1,000 a B.P.）; （4） Relative degradation during the Medieval Warm Period （MWP,from 1,000 to 500 a B.R）; （5） Expansion of permafrost during the Little Ice Age （LIA,from 500 to 10.a B.P.）; （6） Observed and predicted degradation of permafrost during the 20th and 21st century. Each period differed greatly in paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, and permafrost distribution, thickness, areal extent, and ground temperatures, as well as in the development of periglacial phenomena. Statistically, closer dating of the onset permafrost formation, more identi-fication of permafrost remains with richer proxy information about paleoenvironment, and more dating information enable higher resolution for paleo-permafrost reconstruction. Based on the scenarios of persistent climate warming of 2 2 -2 .6 °c in

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) Pleistocene Holocene permafrost expansion and degradation periglacial remains paleo-reconstruction environmental impacts

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Perturbation of Wood cellulose Synthesis causes Pleiotropic Effects in Transgenic Aspen

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Molecular Plant 2011年第2期4卷 331-345页

作者： chandrashekhar R Joshi Shivegowda Thammannagowda Takeshi Fujino Ji-Qing Gou Utku Avci candace H. Haigler Lisa M. McDonnell Shawn D. Mansfield Bemnet Mengesha Nicholas c. carpita Darby harris Seth DeBolt Gary F. Peter Biotechnology Research center School of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences Michigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA Department-of Bioenergy Science and Technology Chonnam National University Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-757 Korea Department of crop Science North Carolina State University 4405 Williams Hall Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Plant Biology North Carolina State University 4405 Williams Hall Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Wood Science University of British Columbia 4030-2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Purdue University Botany and Plant Pathology 915 West State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Department of Horticulture N-318 Agricultural Sciences Center University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA School of Forest Resources and conservation 326 Newins-Ziegler Hall PO Box 110410 University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA

Genetic manipulation of cellulose biosynthesis in trees may provide novel insights into the growth and development of trees. To explore this possibility, the overexpression of an aspen secondary wall-associated cellulose synthase （PtdcesAS） gene was attempted in transgenic aspen （Populus tremuloides L.） and unexpectedly resulted in silencing of the transgene as well as its endogenous counterparts. The main axis of the transgenic aspen plants quickly stopped growing, and weak branches adopted a weeping growth habit. Furthermore, transgenic plants initially developed smaller leaves and a less extensive root system. Secondary xylem （wood） of transgenic aspen plants contained as little as 10% cellulose normalized to dry weight compared to 41% cellulose typically found in normal aspen wood. This massive reduction in cellulose was accompanied by proportional increases in lignin （35%） and non-cellulosic polysaccharides （55%） compared to the 22% lignin and 36% non-cellulosic polysaccharides in control plants. The transgenic stems pro- duced typical collapsed or ＇irregular＇ xylem vessels that had altered secondary wall morphology and contained greatly reduced amounts of crystalline cellulose. These results demonstrate the fundamental role of secondary wall cellulose within the secondary xylem in maintaining the strength and structural integrity required to establish the vertical growth habit in trees.

关键词： Aspen cellulose synthesis transgenic trees xylem development cell wall lignin irregular xylem growth crystallinity.

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Moose at their bioclimatic edge alter their behavior based on weather, landscape, and predators

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current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 419-432页

作者： Mark A. DITMER Ron A. MOEN Steve K. WINDELS James D. FORESTER Thomas E, NESS Tara R. harris conservation Department Minnesota Zoo 13000 Zoo Boulevard Apple Valley MN 55124 USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota 2003 Upper Buford Circle Ste 135 St Paul MN 55108 USA Natural Resources Research Institute and Department of Biology University of Minnesota Duluth 5013 Miller Trunk Highway Duluth MN 55811 USA Voyageurs National Park 360 Hwy 11 E International Falls MN 56649 USA

Populations inhabiting the bioclimatic edges of a species＇ geographic range face an increasing amount of stress from alterations to their environment associated with climate change. Moose Alces alces are large-bodied ungulates that are sensitive to heat stress and have exhibited population declines and range contractions along their southern geographic extent. Using a hidden Markov model to analyze movement and accelerometer data, we assigned behaviors （rest, forage, or travel） to all locations of global positioning system-collared moose （n = 13, moose-years = 19） living near the southern edge of the species＇ range in and around Voyageurs National Park, MN, USA. We assessed how moose behavior changed relative to weather, landscape, and the presence of predators. Moose sig- nificantly reduced travel and increased resting behaviors at ambient temperatures as low as 15~c and 24~c during the spring and summer, respectively. In general, moose behavior changed season- ally in association with distance to lakes and ponds. Moose used wetlands for travel throughout the year, rested in conifer forests, and foraged in shrublands. The influence of wolves canis lupus varied among individual moose and season, but the largest influence was a reduction in travel during spring when near a wolf home range core, primarily by pregnant females. Our analysis goes beyond habitat selection to capture how moose alter their activities based on their environment. Our findings, along with climate change forecasts, suggest that moose in this area will be required to further alter their activity patterns and space use in order to find sufficient forage and avoid heat stress.

关键词： Alces alces climate change heat stress moose temperature wolves

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Quantifying defects in thin films using machine vision

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npj computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 737-742页

作者： Nina Taherimakhsousi Benjamin P.MacLeod Fraser G.L.Parlane Thomas D.Morrissey Edward P.Booker Kevan E.Dettelbach curtis P.Berlinguette Department of chemistry The University of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z1Canada Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute The University of British Columbia2355 East MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Department of chemical&Biological Engineering The University of British Columbia2360 East MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z3Canada canadian Institute for Advanced Research(cIFAR) MaRS Innovation Centre661 University Ave.Suite 505TorontoON M5G 1M1Canada

The sensitivity of thin-film materials and devices to defects motivates extensive research into the optimization of film *** research could be accelerated by automated experiments that characterize the response of film morphology to synthesis *** imaging can resolve morphological defects in thin films and is readily integrated into automated experiments but the large volumes of images produced by such systems require automated *** approaches to automatically analyzing film morphologies in optical images require application-specific customization by software experts and are not robust to changes in image content or imaging ***,we present a versatile convolutional neural network(cNN)for thin-film image analysis which can identify and quantify the extent of a variety of defects and is applicable to multiple materials and imaging *** cNN is readily adapted to new thin-film image analysis tasks and will facilitate the use of imaging in automated thin-film research systems.

关键词： film thin image

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广西南流江三角洲地区绿色自生矿物颗粒的透射电镜初步研究

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矿物学报 1988年第2期 97-103+193页

作者：孙和平 c.D.curtis 同济大学英国谢菲尔德大学上海

本文应用分析透射电镜对广西南流江三角洲地区的绿色颗粒进行了研究。依据其矿物组成,它们为海绿石相蒙皂石和磁绿泥石-鲕绿泥石两种绿色颗粒。它们由很细小的自形层状晶体构成,以富铁(总氧化铁25—40％)为特征。透射电镜观察揭示,它们... 详细信息

本文应用分析透射电镜对广西南流江三角洲地区的绿色颗粒进行了研究。依据其矿物组成,它们为海绿石相蒙皂石和磁绿泥石-鲕绿泥石两种绿色颗粒。它们由很细小的自形层状晶体构成,以富铁(总氧化铁25—40％)为特征。透射电镜观察揭示,它们是细小晶体在基质孔隙中自生生长形成,并逐渐替代基质。富铁自生矿物的矿物种与基质孔隙的局部地球化学条件密切相关。海绿石相蒙皂石形成于前三角洲,磁绿泥石-鲕绿泥石形成于三角洲前缘斜坡和残留砂中,而针铁矿形成于潮间带。本区海绿石相蒙皂石和磁绿泥石-鲕绿泥石的形成水深远小于以往研究所提出的水深。

关键词：粘土矿物海绿石相蒙皂石绿泥石针铁矿透射电子显微术广西

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大丽轮枝菌Nit突变体产生及其营养亲和性测定

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西北农业学报 1992年第1期1卷 47-53页

作者：杨家荣 harris D c 陕西省植物保护研究所杨陵712100 英国园艺研究所东茂林试验站

从DNA限制性酶切多态性(RFLPs)的A组和B组中选用了具代表性的7个大丽轮枝菌菌系作营养亲和性测定。病菌分别接种在含氯酸钾15～25g/l的基本培养基(MM)、梅干培养基(PLA)、玉米粉琼脂培养基(cMA)和马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDA)上,从中获得了4... 详细信息

从DNA限制性酶切多态性(RFLPs)的A组和B组中选用了具代表性的7个大丽轮枝菌菌系作营养亲和性测定。病菌分别接种在含氯酸钾15～25g/l的基本培养基(MM)、梅干培养基(PLA)、玉米粉琼脂培养基(cMA)和马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDA)上,从中获得了41个不能还原利用硝酸钠作为唯一氮源正常生长的突变体(Nit)。Nit突变体以PDA和PLA含氯酸钾20～25g/l的两种培养基上发生频率较高。根据对不同氮源利用生长情况,获得了Nit突变体5种生理表现型。以Nit 1居多(50%～100%),其次为Nit M(0～50%)。表现型互补的Nit 1与Nit M突变体营养亲和性测定结果表明,测试菌系可划分为VcG01和VcG02两个营养亲和群,分别含RFLPs A组的4个菌系和B组的3个菌系。

关键词：营养亲和性大丽轮柱菌 Nit突变体

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PHASE STRUcTURES AND TRANSITION BEHAVIORS OF A TRIPHENYLENE DIScOTIc LIQUID cRYSTAL

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2007年第1期25卷 57-71页

作者： Kwang-Un Jeong Alexander J.Jing Bart Mansdorf Matthew J.Graham Frank W.harris 程正迪 Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science The University of AkronAkronOhio 44325-3909USA

The phase behaviors and structures of a triphenylene-derived discotic liquid crystal （Lc） hexa-n-octoxyl- triphenylene （c8HET） were studied using the combined techniques of differential scanning calorimetry （DSc）, wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）, selected area electron diffraction （SAED） and polarized light microscopy （PLM）. Onedimensional （1D） powder WAXD results at different temperatures coupled with DSc and PLM observations revealed that the c8HET compound possessed an Lc phase and three different crystalline （K3, K2 and K1） phases below the isotropic （I） melt. The I←→ Lc phase transition was thermodynamically reversible and independent of the heating and cooling rates. The development and experimental observation of the three crystalline phases relied on different thermal histories. Among the three crystalline phases in cSHET, the K3 phase is the most stable phase, while the K2 and K1 phases are metastable. Note that the K1 phase only formed via a quenching process. Oh the basis of structure sensitive diffraction experiments such as 2D WAXD of oriented samples and SAED of single crystals, detailed structures and molecular packings of these four ordered phases were identified. The Lc phase exhibited a hexagonal columnar phase with 2D lattice dimensions ofa = b = 2.38 nm and γ= 120°. All the three crystalline phases possess monoclinic unit cells, yet the y angle is not 90° in the cases of the K2 and the K3 phases, while in the case of the K1 phase the a angle is not 90°.

关键词： Triphenylene discotic liquid crystal Metastability crystal structure columnar phase Phase transitions.

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characterization of novel Brown midrib 6 mutations affecting lignin biosynthesis in sorghum

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第2期58卷 136-149页

作者： Erin D. Scully Tammy Gries Deanna L. Funnell-harris Zhanguo Xin Frank A. Kovacs Wilfred Vermerris Scott E. Sattler Grain Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit USDA-ARS Lincoln NE 68583 USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA Department of Plant Pathology University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX 79414 USA Department of chemistry University of Nebraska-Kearney Kearney NE 68849 USA Department of Microbiology & cell Science and UF Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA

The presence of lignin reduces the quality of lignocellulosic biomass for forage materials and feedstock for biofuels. In c4 grasses, the brown midrib phenotype has been linked to mutations to genes in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. For example, the Bmr6 gene in sorghum （Sorghum bicolor） has been previously shown to encode cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （cAD）, which catalyzes the final step of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. Mutations in this gene have been shown to reduce the abundance of lignin, enhance digestibility, and improve saccharification efficiencies and ethanol yields. Nine sorghum lines harboring five different bmr6 alleles were identified in an EMS-mutagenized TILLING population. DNA sequencing of Bmr6 revealed that the majority of the mutations impacted evolutionarily conserved amino acids while three-dimensional structural modeling predicted that all of these alleles interfered with the enzyme＇s ability to bind with its NAPPH cofactor. All of the new alleles reduced in vitro cAD activity levels and enhanced glucose yields following saccharification. Further, many of these lines were associated with higher reductions in acid detergent lignin compared to lines harboring the previously characterized bmr6-ref allele. These bmr6 lines represent new breeding tools for manipulating biomass composition to enhance forage and feedstock quality.

关键词： cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cAD) EMS mutagenesis biofuels c4 grass forage

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