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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 159-167页

作者： Nicolás m.Peleato robert C.Andrews Departm.nt of Civil Engineering University of Toronto

This work investigated the application of several fluorescence excitation–em.ssion m.trix analysis m.thods as natural organic m.tter（NOm. indicators for use in predicting the form.tion of trihalom.thanes（THm.） and haloacetic acids（HAAs）. Waters from.four different sources（two rivers and two lakes） were subjected to jar testing followed by 24 hr disinfection by-product form.tion tests using chlorine. NOm.was quantified using three com.on m.asures： dissolved organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm. and specific ultraviolet absorbance as well as by principal com.onent analysis, peak picking,and parallel factor analysis of fluorescence spectra. Based on m.lti-linear m.deling of THm. and HAAs, principle com.onent（PC） scores resulted in the lowest m.an squared prediction error of cross-folded test sets（THm.： 43.7（μg/L）^2, HAAs： 233.3（μg/L）^2）. Inclusion of principle com.onents representative of protein-like m.terial significantly decreased prediction error for both THm. and HAAs. Parallel factor analysis did not identify a protein-like com.onent and resulted in prediction errors sim.lar to traditional NOm.surrogates as well as fluorescence peak picking. These results support the value of fluorescence excitation–em.ssion m.trix–principal com.onent analysis as a suitable NOm.indicator in predicting the form.tion of THm. and HAAs for the water sources studied.

关键词： Natural organic m.tter Fluorescence Principal com.onent analysis PARAFAC Disinfection byproducts Drinking water

Changes in free am.no acids and polyam.ne levels in Satsum. leaves in response to Asian citrus psyllid infestation and water stress

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 707-716页

作者： Nasir S. A. m.lik Jose L. Perez m.dhurababu Kunta Joseph m. Patt robert L. m.ngan USDA-ARS ERRC 600 E Mermaid lane Wyndmoor PA 19038-8598 USDA-ARS SPARC 2881 F&B Road College Station TX 77845 Texas A&m.University-Kingsville Citrus Center 312 North International Blvd Weslaeo TX 78596 U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 Subtropical Horticultural Research Station 13601 Old Coulter Road Miami FL 33158 USDA-ARS 2413 E. Hwy 83 Weslaco TX 78596 USA

The effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on changes in am.no acids and polyam.ne levels in Satsum. orange （Citrus unshiu; cultivar Owari） leaves were inves- tigated. Asian citrus psyllids Diaphorina citri （Kuwayam.）（ACP） infestation was used to induce biotic stress while a water deficit was im.osed to induce abiotic stress. Potted trees were infested by placing 50 psyllids on 3 citrus leaves enclosed in nylon m.sh bags for 5 d. A parallel set of plants were kept water stressed by m.intaining the soil at 20% water holding capacity for 5 d. Levels of total free am.no acids were higher in water stressed and ACP infested leaves. Polyam.ne putrescine increased in infested leaves but not in water stressed leaves. Proline was the m.st abundant am.no acid and its levels significantly increased by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Proline levels in infested leaves were significantly higher than the water stressed leaves. Histidine, m.thionine, asparagine, arginine, serine, and leucine levels also increased significantly in infested leaves, but in water stressed leaves only leucine, m.thionine, and threonine increased. Levels of am.no acids, such as tyrosine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, glutam.c acid, and alanine, declined in infested leaves. Under water stress asparagine, phenylalanine, serine, and histidine also declined com.ared to controls. This indicates that while proteolysis occurred under both stresses, m.tabolic conversion of am.no acids was different under the two stresses. In ACP infested leaves som. am.no acids m.y be used as feeding m.terial and/or converted into secondary m.tabolites for defense.

关键词： am.no acids citrus Diaphorina citri polyam.nes

Restricted cross-scale habitat selection by Am.rican beavers

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 703-710页

作者： robert A. FRANCIS Jim.y D. TAYLOR Eric DIBBLE Bronson STRICKLAND Vanessa m. PETRO Christine EASTERWOOD Guim.ng WANG Departm.nt of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Thompson Hall Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Corvallis 3180 SW Jefferson Wav OR 97331 USA Departm.nt of Forest Ecosystem. and Society Oregon State University 321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA Environm.ntal m.nagem.nt Division US Army Garrison - Building 4488 Martin Rd SW Redstone Redstone Arsenal AL 35898 USA

Anim.l habitat selection, am.ng other ecological phenom.na, is spatially scale dependent. Habitat selection by Am.rican beavers Castor canadensis （hereafter, beaver） has been studied at singular spatial scales, but to date no research addresses m.lti-scale selection. Our objectives were to determ.ne if beaver habitat selection was specialized to sem.aquatic habitats and if variables explaining habitat selection are consistent between landscape and fine spatial scales. We built m.xim.m.entropy （m.xEnt） m.dels to relate landscape-scale presence-only data to landscape variables, and used generalized linear m.xed m.dels to evaluate fine spatial scale habitat selection using global positioning system.（GPS） relocation data. Explanatory variables between the landscape and fine spatial scale were com.ared for consistency. Our findings suggested that beaver habitat selection at coarse （study area） and fine （within hom. range） scales was congruent, and was influenced by increasing am.unts of woody wetland edge density and shrub edge density, and decreasing am.unts of open water edge density. Habitat suitability at the landscape scale also increased with decreasing am.unts of grass frequency. As territorial, central-place foragers, beavers likely trade-off open water edge density （i.e., sm.ller non-forested wetlands or lodges closer to banks） for defense and shorter distances to forage and obtain construction m.terial. Woody plants along edges and expanses of open water for predator avoidance m.y lim.t beaver fitness and subsequently determ.ne beaver habitat selection.

关键词： Castor canadensis m.xim.m.entropy scale-dependent selection space use wetland

An explainable AI fram.work for robust and transparent data-driven wind turbine power curve m.dels

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 312-327页

作者： Sim.n Letzgus Klaus-robert m.ller m.chine Learning Group Technische Universitβe BerlinStraβe des 17.Juni 135Berlin10623Germany Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data Berlin10587Germany Departm.nt of Artificial Intelligence Korea UniversitySeoul136-713South Korea m.x Planck Institute for Inform.tics Saarbrücken66123Germany

In recent years,increasingly com.lex m.chine learning m.thods have becom. state-of-the-art in m.delling wind turbine power curves based on operational *** these m.thods often exhibit superior perform.nce on test sets,they face criticism.due to a perceived lack of transparency and concerns about their robustness in dynam.c,non-stationary environm.nts encountered by wind *** this work,we address these issues and present a fram.work that leverages explainable artificial intelligence m.thods to gain system.tic insights into data-driven power curve *** its core,we propose a m.tric to quantify how well a learned m.del strategy aligns with the underlying physical principles of the *** novel tool enables m.del validation beyond the conventional error m.trics in an autom.ted *** dem.nstrate,for instance,its capacity as an indicator for m.del generalization even when lim.ted data is ***,it facilitates understanding how decisions m.de during the m.chine learning developm.nt process,such as data selection,pre-processing,or training param.ters,affect learned *** a result,we obtain physically m.re reasonable m.dels,a prerequisite not only for robustness but also for m.aningful insights into turbine operation by dom.in *** latter,we illustrate in the context of wind turbine perform.nce *** sum.ary,the fram.work aim. to guide researchers and practitioners alike toward a m.re inform.d selection and utilization of data-driven wind turbine power curve m.dels.

关键词： Explainable AI(XAI) m.chine learning Wind energy Wind turbine power curve SCADA Condition m.nitoring

m.dern im.ging techniques for preoperative detection of distant m.tastases in gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第37期21卷 10502-10509页

作者： robert m.Kwee Thom.s C Kwee Departm.nt of Radiology Maastricht University Medical Center Departm.nt of Radiology University Medical Center Utrecht

A substantial portion of patients with newly diagnosed gastric cancer has distant m.tastases(m. disease).These patients have a very poor prognosis and it is generally accepted that they should be treated with noncurative intent. Because it dram.tically changes prognosis and treatm.nt plans, it is very im.ortant to diagnose distant m.tastases. In this article, the definition, pathways, incidence and sites of distant m.tastases in gastric cancer are ***, the current perform.nce of im.ging in detecting distant m.tastases in newly diagnosed gastric cancer is outlined and future prospects are discussed.

关键词： Gastric cancer Ultrasonography Distant m.tastases

Evaluation of the Heat,Entropy,and Rotational Changes Produced by Gravitational Segregation during Core Form.tion

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第1期26卷 124-133页

作者： Anne m.Hofm.ister robert E.Criss Departm.nt of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University

Core form.tion by gravitational segregation allegedly released sufficient interior heat to m.lt the Earth. Analysis of the energetics, which com.are gravitational potential energy （Ug） of a fictitious, hom.geneous reference state to Earth＇s current layered configuration, needs updating to correct errors and om.ssions, and to accom.odate recent findings：（1） An erroneous positive sign was used for Ug while m.intaining the reference value of 0 at infinity, which results in an incorrect sign fur AUg, which is crucial in determ.ning whether a process is endotherm.c or exotherm.c. （2） The value of Ug for Earth＇s initial state is uncertain. （3） Recent m.teorite evidence indicates that core form.tion began before the Earth was full-sized, which severely lim.ts AUg. （4） Inhom.geneous accretion additionally reduced AUg. （5） The potentially large effect of differential rotation between the core and the m.ntle was not accounted for. （6） Entropy changes associated with creating order were neglected. Accordingly, we revise values of Ug, evaluate uncertainties, and show that AUg was converted substantially to eonfigurational energy （TAS）. These considerations lim.t the large sources of prim.rdial heat to im.acts and radioactivity. Although these processes m.y play a role in core form.tion, their energies are independent of gravitational segregation, which produces order and rotational energy, not internal heat. Instead, gravitational segregation prom.tes planetary cooling m.inly because it segregates lithophilic radioactive elem.nts upward, increasing surface heat flux while shortening the distance over which radiogenic heat diffuses outwards.

关键词： core form.tion prim.rdial heat configurational energy therm.dynam.cs rotational energy.

Diagnosis and m.nagem.nt of testosterone deficiency

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 177-186,I0006页

作者： Jam.s A m.Bride Culley C Carson robert m.Coward Departm.nt of Urology University of North Carolina School of Medicine NC USA.

Testosterone supplem.ntation therapy （TST） use has dram.tically increased over the past decade, due to the availability of newer agents, aggressive m.rketing, and an increasing incidence of testosterone deficiency （TD）. Despite the increase in TST, a degree of am.iguity rem.ins as to the exact diagnostic criteria of TD, and adm.nistration and m.nitoring of TST. One explanation for this phenom.non is the com.lex role testosterone plays in m.ltiple physiologic pathways. Num.rous m.dical co-m.rbidities and m.dications can alter testosterone levels resulting in a wide range of nonspecific clinical signs and sym.tom. of TD. The diagnosis is also challenging due to the lack of a definitive serum.total testosterone level that reliably correlates with sym.tom.. This observation is particularly true in the aging m.le and is exacerbated by inconsistencies between different laboratory assays. Several prom.nent m.dical societies have developed guideline statem.nts to clarify the diagnosis, but they differ from.each other and with expert opinion in several ways. Aside from.diagnostic dilem.as, there are num.rous subtle advantages and disadvantages of the various testosterone agents to appreciate. The available TST agents have changed significantly over the past decade sim.lar to the trends in the diagnosis of TD. Therefore, as the usage of TST increases, clinicians will be challenged to m.intain an up-to-date understanding of TD and TST. The purpose of this review is to provide a clear description of the current strategies for diagnosis and m.nagem.nt of TD.

关键词： androgens erectile dysfunction horm.nes hypogonadism testosterone

The heterogeneity of store-operated calcium.entry in m.lanom.

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 764-769页

作者： robert Hooper m.Raza Zaidi Jonathan Soboloff Fels Institute for Cancer Research and m.lecular Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Departm.nt of m.dical Genetics & m.lecular Biochem.stry Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University

Calcium.is a key regulator of m.ny physiological processes that are perturbed in cancer, such as m.gration, proliferation and apoptosis. The proteins STIm.and Orai m.diate store-operated calcium.entry(SOCE), the m.in pathway for calcium.entry in non-excitable cells. Changes in the expression and function of STIm.and Orai have been found in a range of cancer types and thus im.licated in disease progression. Here we discuss the role of STIm. Orai and the SOCE pathway in the progression of m.lanom. and explore how the heterogeneous nature of m.lanom. m.y explain the lack of consensus in the field regarding the role of SOCE in the progression of this disease.

关键词： m.lanom. STIm. Orail m.tastasis

m.ss Spectrom.tric Analyses Reveal a Central Role for Ubiquitylation in Rem.deling the Arabidopsis Proteom. during Photom.rphogenesis

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m.lecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 846-865页

作者： Victor Aguilar-Hernandez Do-Young Kim.robert J. Stankey m.rk Scalf Lloyd m. Sm.th Richard D. Vierstra Departm.nt of Biology Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1137 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA Departm.nt of Genetics 425-G Henry Mall Departm.nt of Chem.stry 1101 University Avenue University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA Advanced Bio Convergence Center Pohang Technopark Gyeong-Buk South Korea 37668

The switch from.skotom.rphogenesis to photom.rphogenesis is a key developm.ntal transition in the life of seed plants. While m.ch of the underpinning proteom. rem.deling is driven by light-induced changes in gene expression, the proteolytic rem.val of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-26S proteasom. system.is also likely param.unt. Through m.ss spectrom.tric analysis of ubiquitylated proteins affinity-purified from.etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings before and after red-light irradiation, we identified a num.er of influential proteins whose ubiquitylation status is m.dified during this switch. We observed a substantial enrichm.nt for proteins involved in auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroid signaling, peroxisom. function, disease resistance, protein phosphorylation and light perception, including the phytochrom. （Phy） A and phototropin photoreceptors. Soon after red-light treatm.nt, PhyA becom.s the dom.nant ubiquitylated species, with ubiquitin attachm.nt sites m.pped to six lysines. A PhyA m.tant protected from.ubiquitin addition at these sites is substantially m.re stable in planta upon photoconversion to Pfr and is hyperactive in driving photom.rphogenesis. However, light still stim.lates ubiquitylation and degradation of this m.tant, im.lying that other attachm.nt sites and/or proteolytic pathways exist. Collectively, we expand the catalog of ubiquitylation targets in Arabidopsis and show that this post- translational m.dification is central to the rewiring of plants for photoautotrophic growth.

关键词： Arabidopsis ubiquitin m.ss spectrom.try photom.rphogenesis phytochrom. degradation

On-board m.asurem.nt of em.ssions from.liquefied petroleum.gas,gasoline and diesel powered passenger cars in Algeria

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2014年第8期26卷 1651-1659页

作者： Saadane Chikhi m.nouèr Boughedaoui Rabah Kerbachi robert Joum.rd Departm.nt of Industrial Chem.stry Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of Blida 1Route de SoumaaBlida 09000Algeria Environm.ntal Science and Technology Laboratory National Polytechnic School of AlgiersAlgiers 16200Algeria Transport and Environm.nt Laboratory IfsttarBronFrance

On-board m.asurem.nts of unit em.ssions of CO,HC,NOx and CO2 were conducted on 17 private cars powered by different types of fuels including gasoline,dual gasoline–liquefied petroleum.gas（LPG）,gasoline,and diesel. The tests perform.d revealed the effect of LPG injection technology on unit em.ssions and m.de it possible to com.are the m.asured em.ssions to the European Artem.s em.ssion m.del. A sequential m.ltipoint injection LPG kit with no catalyst installed was found to be the m.st efficient pollutant reduction device for all of the pollutants,with the exception of the NOx. Specific test results for a sub-group of LPG vehicles revealed that LPG-fueled engines with no catalyst cannot com.ete with catalyzed gasoline and diesel engines. Vehicle age does not appear to be a determ.ning param.ter with regard to vehicle pollutant em.ssions. A fuel switch to LPG offers m.ny advantages as far as pollutant em.ssions are concerned,due to LPG＇s intrinsic ***,these advantages are being rapidly offset by the strong developm.nt of both gasoline and diesel engine technologies and catalyst converters. The LPG＇s perform.nce on a chassis dynam.m.ter under real driving conditions was better than expected. The enforcem.nt of pollutant em.ssion standards in developing countries is an im.ortant step towards introducing clean technology and reducing vehicle em.ssions.

关键词： Unit em.ssion Pollutant Vehicle On-board m.asurem.nt LPG Gasoline Diesel