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Microwave Assisted Extraction,Antioxidant Potential and Chromatographic Studies of Some Rasayana Drugs

Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第7期21卷 523-529页

作者： Ashish Mishra Shilpi Mishra Shilpi Bhargav cs.bhargava Mayank Thakur Advance Institute of Biotech&Paramedical Sciences Institute for Laboratory Medicine Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry Charite University of MedicineCampus Benjamin Franklin

Objective： To study and compare the conventional extraction procedure with microwave assisted extraction （MAE） for some Ayurvedic Rasayana drugs and to evaluate their antioxidant potential and carry out the characterization of extracts by thin layer chromatography. Methods： Three Ayurvedic rasayana plants Allium sativum Linn., Bombax ceiba Linn. and Inula racemosa Hook. were evaluated for an improved MAE methodology by determining the effects of grinding degree, extraction solvent, effect of dielectric constant and duration of time on the extractive value. Antioxidant potential of all three drugs was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activity and reducing power was determined by using Gallic acid as standard. Further thin layer chromatographic （TLC） analysis was performed on pre-activated Silica Gel G plates and Rf value were compared with those reported for the important biomarkers. Results： The total extractive value for Allium sativum Linn. was 36.95% （w/w） and 49.95% （w/w） for ethanol extraction respectively. In case of Bombax ceiba Linn. the yield of aqueous extract by MAE was 50% （w/w） compared to 42% （w/w） in ethanol （50% v/v）. Percent yield of Inula racernosa Hook. in aqueous extract was found to be 27.55% （w/w） which was better than ethanol extract （50%） where the yield was 25.95% （w/w）. Upon antioxidant activity evaluation A. safivum extract showed an absorbance of 0.980 ± 0.92 at concentration of 500 μg with maximum reducing capacity. This was followed by B. ceiba Linn. 0.825 ± 0.98 and I. racemosa Hook. with 0.799 ± 2.01 at a concentration of 500 μ g. TLC based standardization of A. sativum Linn. extract shows single spot with Rf value of 0.38, B. ceiba Linn. extract shows Rf values were 0.23, 0.58, 0.77, 0.92 and I. racemosa Hook. extract spot had a Rf value of 0.72. Conclusions： A significant improvement in extractive values was observed as a factor of time and other advantages by using MAE technology. All three dru

关键词： antioxidant potential Ayurvedic Rasayana Allinm sativum Linn. Bombax ceiba Inula racemosa,microwave assisted extraction

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Optimal design of hybrid renewable-energy microgrid system: a techno-economic-environment-social-reliability perspective

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 66-83页

作者： Gupta, Manoj bhargava, Annapurna Rajasthan Tech Univ Elect Engn Dept Kota 324010 Rajasthan India IPS Acad Inst Engn & Sci Indore Elect & Elect Engn Dept Indore 452012 Madhya Pradesh India

The main objective of this paper is to select the optimal model of a hybrid renewable-energy microgrid (MG) system for a village in India. The MG comprises solar photovoltaic (PV) modules, a wind turbine generator, a biomass generator, a battery bank, a diesel generator and an electric vehicle. The optimal model selection is based on technical, economic, environmental, social and reliability parameters. A novel spoonbill swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to select the best hybrid MG system. The optimization results are compared with particle swarm optimization, the genetic algorithm and the grasshopper optimization algorithm. The number or size of components of the optimized MG system is 215 PV modules, 92 kW of wind turbine generation, 25 kW of biomass generation, 267 batteries, 22 kW of electric vehicles and 30 kW of diesel generation. The optimized system was selected based on technical factors such as renewable dispersion (93.5%), the duty factor (5.85) and excess energy (15 975 kWh/year) as well as economic considerations including the net present cost (Rs. 34 686 622) and the cost of energy (9.3 Rs./kWh). Furthermore, environmental factors such as carbon emissions (396 348 kg/year) and atmospheric particulate matter (22.686 kg/year); social factors such as the human progress index (0.68411), the employment generation factor (0.0389) and local employment generation (15.64643); and reliability parameters including loss of power supply probability (0.01%) and availability index (99.99%) were considered during the selection process. The spoonbill swarm optimization algorithm has reduced the convergence time by 1.2 times and decreased the number of iterations by 0.83 times compared with other algorithms. The performance of the MG system is validated in the MATLAB (R) environment. The results show that the MG system is the optimal system considering technical, economic, environmental, social and reliability parameters. Additionally, the spoonbill swarm optimi

关键词： cost of electricity microgrid reliability spoonbill techno-economic OPTIMIZATION

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Smart mid-infrared metasurface microspectrometer gas sensing system

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 273-281页

作者： Jiajun Meng Sivacarendran Balendhran Ylias Sabri Suresh K.bhargava Kenneth B.Crozier School of Physics University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Australian Research Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems(TMOS) University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Centre for Advanced Materials&Industrial Chemistry(CAMIC) STEM collegeRMIT UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Smart,low-cost and portable gas sensors are highly desired due to the importance of air quality monitoring for environmental and defense-related ***,electrochemical and nondispersive infrared(IR)gas sensors are designed to detect a single specific *** IR spectroscopy-based sensors provide superior performance,their deployment is limited due to their large size and high *** this study,a smart,low-cost,multigas sensing system is demonstrated consisting of a mid-infrared microspectrometer and a machine learning *** microspectrometer is a metasurface filter array integrated with a commercial IR camera that is consumable-free,compact(~1 cm^(3))and lightweight(~1 g).The machine learning algorithm is trained to analyze the data from the microspectrometer and predict the gases *** system detects the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100%with 100%*** also detects hazardous gases at low concentrations with an accuracy of 98.4%.Ammonia can be detected at a concentration of 100 ***,methyl-ethyl-ketone can be detected at its permissible exposure limit(200 ppm);this concentration is considered low and *** study demonstrates the viability of using machine learning with IR spectroscopy to provide a smart and low-cost multigas sensing platform.

关键词： Smart gases system

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Targeting metabolism to treat multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 502-503页

作者： Pavan bhargava Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system(CNS)that has both inflammatory and neurodegenerative com *** genetic and environmental factors confer risk for developing the ***,gut microbiota appears to play an important role in the risk for MS and potentially also in affecting disease severity,though our understanding of these interactions are still incomplete(bhargava and Mowry,2014).

关键词： metabolism sclerosis autoimmune

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Strip-coalesced interior zone model for two unequal collinear cracks weakening piezoelectric media

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2014年第10期35卷 1249-1260页

作者： R.R.bhargava K.JANGID Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

In this paper, a mathematical strip-saturation model is proposed for a poled transversely isotropic piezoelectric plate weakened by two impermeable unequal-collinear hairline straight cracks. Remotely applied in-plane unidirectional electromechanical loads open the cracks in mode-I such that the saturation zone developed at the interior tips of cracks gets coalesced. The developed saturation zones are arrested by distributing over their rims in-plane normal cohesive electrical displacement. The problem is solved using the Stroh formalism and the complex variable technique. The expressions are derived for the stress intensity factors （SIFs）, the lengths of the saturation zones developed, the crack opening displacement （COD）, and the energy release rate. An illustrative numerical case study is presented for the poled PZT-5H ceramic to investigate the effect of prescribed electromechanical loads on parameters affecting crack arrest. Also, the effect of different lengths of cracks on the SIFs and the local energy release rate （LERR） has been studied. The results obtained are graphically presented and analyzed.

关键词： crack opening displacement (COD) energy release rate piezoelectric ce-ramic Stroh formalism saturation zone unequal-collinear crack

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Effects of harvesting intensities and techniques on re-growth dynamics and quality of Terminalia bellerica fruits in central India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 177-184页

作者： A.K.Pandey Pankaj bhargava Tropical Forest Research Institute

Terminalia bellericaRoxb. （Belleric myrobalan） is one of the important multipurpose trees in central India. The fruits of the tree are highly valued for medicinal uses, with the greatest demand coming from the pharmaceutical industry. This has resulted in overexploitation and present harvesting practices have led to a significant decline in natural regeneration for this tree species. Our study was conducted from 2006 to 2009 in Chhattisgarh （India） to standardize suitable harvesting practices for sustainable management for this valuable species. Experiments were conducted at four different sites located in Dhamtari, Sarguja, and Rai-garh forest divisions of the state, covering both protected and open forest in a complete randomized block design （RCBD）. At each site, linear transects of 200 m× 100 m （2 ha） were randomly selected to sample the initial population and study the effects of two harvesting methods （tradi-tional and nondestructive） and four harvesting intensities （60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%） on the sustainability ofT. bellerica. Fruits were collected and analyzed for their tannin and gallic acid content. Significant increase in tannin and gallic acid content was found with the maturity of fruits （September to December）. This is the first study to experimentally assess the consequences of harvesting ofT. bellericafruits in central India. Our findings reveal that harvesting intensity, time, and method are key factors for maintaining the population. Nondestructive harvesting meth-ods were found to be superior to traditional harvesting in terms of regen-eration, recruitment, and concentration of active ingredients. When the fruits were harvested through non-destructive means at maturity, the population of species increased. The study concludes that 70% harvest of T. bellerica fruits through non-destructive means maintains the sustain-ability and provides quality raw material for the pharmaceutical industry.

关键词： Terminalia bellerica nondestructive harvesting active ingredient concentration Chhattisgarh India

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Snakebite: A neglected tropical disease that can stymie progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第9期16卷 383-384页

作者： Saurabh bhargava School of Advanced Sciences and Languages VIT Bhopal UniversityKothrikalanSehore Madhya Pradesh 466114India

The adoption of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)under Agenda 2030 is one of the most ambitious ventures by the United Nations for the betterment of *** SDGs are a comprehensive and holistic approach to making the lives of humans,not only the current human population but even future generations,worth living and *** aim to end poverty,hunger,and inequities,provide everyone with clean water,energy,and an environment,and make the planet more peaceful,just,and habitable[1].

关键词： Sustainable venture neglected

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An Evolutionary Normalization Algorithm for Signed Floating-Point Multiply-Accumulate Operation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 481-495页

作者： Rajkumar Sarma Cherry bhargava Ketan Kotecha Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyJain(Deemed-to-be-University)Ramanagar562112KarnatakaIndia Symbiosis Institute of Technology Symbiosis International(Deemed University)LavalePune412115India Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence Symbiosis International(Deemed University)LavalePune412115India

In the era of digital signal processing,like graphics and computation systems,multiplication-accumulation is one of the prime operations.A MAC unit is a vital component of a digital system,like different Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)algorithms,convolution,image processing algorithms,*** the domain of digital signal processing,the use of normalization architecture is very *** main objective of using normalization is to performcomparison and shift *** this research paper,an evolutionary approach for designing an optimized normalization algorithm is proposed using basic logical blocks such as Multiplexer,Adder *** proposed normalization algorithm is further used in designing an 8×8 bit Signed Floating-Point Multiply-Accumulate(SFMAC)*** the SFMAC can accept an 8-bit significand and a 3-bit exponent,the input to the said architecture can be somewhere between−(7.96872)_(10) to+(7.96872)_(10).The proposed architecture is designed and implemented using the Cadence Virtuoso using 90 and 130 nm technologies(in Generic Process Design Kit(GPDK)and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company(TSMC),respectively).To reduce the power consumption of the proposed normalization architecture,techniques such as“block enabling”and“clock gating”are used *** to the analysis done on Cadence,the proposed architecture uses the least amount of power compared to its current predecessors.

关键词： Data normalization cadence virtuoso signed-floating-point MAC evolutionary optimized algorithm block enabling clock gating

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Fabrication and Characterization of Banana Pseudostem Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composite Using Al_(2)O_(3) as Filler

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1737-1746页

作者： Ankit Samal Sanjeev Kumar Manish bhargava Barnik Saha Roy Mechanical Engineering Department National Institute of Technology AgartalaJiraniaTripura799046India Mechanical Engineering Department Subharti Institute of Technology and EngineeringMeerutUttar Pradesh250005India

Natural fibre-reinforced composites are now becoming incredibly common in various products because of their comparable qualities to conventional *** to its availability,superior mechanical qualities,and low cost,banana pseudostem is extensively used in various applications requiring natural *** study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced with banana pseudostem fibres that contain Al_(2)O_(3) *** order to produce composites with fibre and filler loadings,manual hand layup was *** and filler loading effects on composite properties were studied in *** results of the investigations demonstrate that proportion of Al_(2)O_(3) in composites significantly influences their mechanical and physical ***,the composite with a fibre content of 30%shows improved mechanical proportions and *** analysis was used to study the composite's thermal *** are more thermally stable than raw *** Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy analyses were used to characterize the composites.

关键词： Banana Pseudostem fibre Al_(2)O_(3) Epoxy Characterization Mechanical properties

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INITIATING CHINA COMMUNICATIONS AS A JOINT CIC-IEEE PUBLICATION

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China Communications 2013年第1期10卷 I0003-I0004页

作者： Vijay bhargava Stephen Weinstein IEEE Communications Society China Communications Editorial Council

The IEEE Communications So- ciety （ComSoc） is happy to bejoining with the China Institute of Communications （CIC） to announce that beginning with this January, 2013 issue, China Communications is fully co-sponsored by our two societies. Professor Junliang Chen, an outstanding editorial leader, will continue to serve as Editor in Chief, aided by three distinguished Associ-ate EIcs： Prof. Zhisheng Niu who is an Editor of IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine and a Guest Editor oJ this issue, Prof. Weimin Hao who is a senior advisor of Ad- visory Committee in CIC with over 50 years experiences in telecommunications engineering, research and management, and Prof. Andrzej Jajszczyk, past Editor in Chief of IEEE Communications Magazine and ComSoc Director of Maga- zines. Professor Chen and the three Associate EIcs will oversee a strong international editorial staff, growing with the publication as it becomes a leading magazine for infor- mation and communication technologies （ICT） professionals around the world, with authors from many countries but with special emphasis on technology created in China. Manu- scripts will be reviewed with the same quality criteria re- quired in IEEE publications, and published articles will be archived in IEEE Xplore as with all IEEE publications. CIC will produce the magazine, with oversight of operations and editorial quality from an Editorial Council （steering com- mittee） consisting of representatives from both Societies. The chair of the Editorial Council, beginning with one of us （Stephen Weinstein） in 2013-2015, will alternate between the two Societies at three-year intervals.

关键词：中国 COM IEEE 咨询委员会编辑委员会无线通信 Xplore 通信技术

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