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Current experimental models, assessment and dietary modulations of intestinal permeability in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 801-811页

作者： Saad Gilani peter v.Chrystal Reza Barekatain Danisco Animal Nutrition(IFF) Oegstgeestthe Netherlands Baiada Poultry Pty Ltd Pendle HillNSWAustralia South Australian Research and Development Institute Roseworthy CampusRoseworthySAAustralia School of Animal and veterinary Sciences Roseworthy CampusUniversity of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia

Maintaining and optimising the intestinal barrier(IB)function in poultry has important implications for the health and performance of the *** a key aspect of the IB,intestinal permeability(IP)is mainly controlled by complex junctional proteins called tight junction proteins(TJ)that link enterocytes *** disruption of TJ is associated with increased gut leakage with possible subsequent impli-cations for bacterial translocation,intestinal inflammation,compromised health and performance of the *** considerable data being available for other species,research on IP in broiler chickens and in general avian species is still an understudied *** paper reviews the available literature with a specific focus on IP in broiler chickens with consideration given to practical factors affecting the IP,current assessment methods,markers and nutritional modulation of *** experimental models to induce gut leakage are discussed including pathogens,rye-based diets,feed deprivation and stress-inducing agents such as exogenous glucocorticoids and heat *** various markers including fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran,expression of TJ and bacterial translocation have been widely utilized to study IP,recent studies have identified a number of excreta biomarkers to evaluate intestinal integrity,in particular non-invasive *** the research on various nutrients and feed additives to potentially modulate IP is still at an early stage,the most promising outcomes are anticipated for probiotics,prebiotics,amino acids and those feed ingredients,nutrients and additives with anti-inflammatory *** research gaps are identified for the mechanistic mode of action of various nutrients to influence IP under different experimental *** modulation of IP through various strategies(*** manipulation of diet)may be regarded as a new frontier for disease prevention and improving the health and performance of poultry particul

关键词： Intestinal barrier function Permeability Tight junction protein Gut leakage model

Third-space endoscopy:the final frontier

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Gastroenterology Report 2023年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Maham Hayat Dennis Yang peter v.Draganov Center for Interventional Endoscopy AdventHealthOrlandoFLUSA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Over the years,our growing experience with endoscopic submucosal dissection along with technological advances has so-lidiﬁed our comfort and knowledge on working in the submucosa,also referred to as the“third space.”Per-oral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)was theﬁrst prototype third-space endoscopy(TSE)procedure,demonstrating the feasibility and clinical utility of endoscopic esophagogastric myotomy via submucosal *** launch of POEM accelerated the evolution of TSE from a vanguard concept to an expandingﬁeld with a wide range of clinical *** this review,we discuss the status and future directions of multiple TSE interventions.

关键词： endoscopy final frontier therapeutic endoscopy third-space endoscopy submucosal endoscopy

Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 828-840页

作者： Sonia Yun Liu Shemil P.Macelline peter v.Chrystal peter H.Selle Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydney Camden Campus425 Werombi RoadCamdenNSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNSW 2145Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia

The prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein(CP)diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best ***-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions;moreover,they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible *** variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are *** more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino *** of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine,this emphasises the value of so-called“non-essential”amino *** digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed,although the functions of insulin in avian species require *** is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets;if so,the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be *** increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler *** is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised *** progress in these directions can be realised,then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

关键词： Amino acids Broiler chickens Glucose Insulin Protein Starch Threonine

Modeling the Middle Jurassic ocean circulation

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2015年第4期4卷 373-386页

作者： Maura Brunetti Christian vérard peter O.Baumgartner Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Institute of Earth Sciences University of Lausanne

We present coupled ocean-sea-ice simulations of the Middle Jurassic（~165 Ma） when Laurasia and Gondwana began drifting apart and gave rise to the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. Since the opening of the Proto-Caribbean is not well constrained by geological records, configurations with and without an open connection between the Proto-Caribbean and Panthalassa are examined. We use a sea-floor bathymetry obtained by a recently developed three-dimensional（3D） elevation model which compiles geological, palaeogeographical and geophysical data. Our original approach consists in coupling this elevation model, which is based on detailed reconstructions of oceanic realms, with a dynamical ocean circulation model. We find that the Middle Jurassic bathymetry of the Central Atlantic and Proto-Caribbean seaway only allows for a weak current of the order of 2 Sv in the upper 1000 m even if the system is open to the West. The effect of closing the western boundary of the Proto-Caribbean is to increase transport related to barotropic gyres in the southern hemisphere and to change water properties, such as salinity, in the Neo-Tethys. Weak upwelling rates are found in the nascent Atlantic Ocean in the presence of this superficial current and we discuss their compatibility with deep-sea sedimentological records in this region.

关键词： Jurassic modeling ocean circulation palaeoclimate

Unexpected anomaly of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第2期2卷 36-38页

作者： Disaya Chavalitdhamrong peter v Draganov Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Florida

variations in the bile duct and pancreatic duct opening are related to the process of rotation and recanalization during embryologic development. Complete nonunion of distal common bile duct and pancreatic duct gives rise to double papillae of vater. The separation of the drainage of the main pancreatic duct and bile duct can be appreciated by careful assessment at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpy. The cranial orifice is a bile duct opening, whereas the caudal orifice is a pancreatic duct opening. The separate orifice finding can be confirmed by cholangiogram and pancreatogram with no communication between the two orifices. Endoscopists should be aware of this rare variant because late recognition can result in unnecessary manipulation and contrast injections of the main pancreatic duct and biliary cannulation failure.

关键词： Double major papillae Double orifices Cannulation Bile duct Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Facilitating the acceptance of tangibly reduced-crude protein diets for chicken-meat production

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 247-257页

作者： peter v.Chrystal Shiva Greenhalgh peter H.Selle Sonia Yun Liu School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSE2006Australiali Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited pendle Hill2145NSWAustralia

Inclusions of non-bound amino acids particularly methionine,lysine and threonine,together with the"ideal protein"concept have allowed nutritionists to formulate broiler diets with reduced crude protein(CP)and increased nutrient density of notionally"essential"amino acids and energy content in recent decades,However,chicken-meat production has been projected to double between now and 2050,providing incentives to reduce dietary soybean meal inclusions further by tangibly reducing dietary CP and utilising a larger array of non-bound amino *** relatively conservative decreases in dietary CP,in the order of 20 to 30 g/kg,do not negatively impact broiler performance,further decreases in CP typically compromise broiler performance with associated increases in carcass lipid *** in carcass lipid deposition suggest changes occur in dietary energy balance,the mechanisms of which are still not fully understood but discourage the acceptance of diets with reductions in CP,Nevertheless,the groundwork has been laid to investigate both amino acid and non-amino acid limitations and propose facilitative strategies for adoption of tangible dietary CP reductions;consequently,these aspects are considered in detail in this ***,investigations into reduced dietary CP are epitomised by variability broiler performance due to the wide range of dietary specifications used and the many variables that should,or could,be considered in formulation of experimental ***,a holistic approach encompassing many factors influencing limitations to the adoption of tangibly reduced CP diets must be considered if they are to be successful in maintaining broiler performance without increasing carcass lipid deposition.

关键词： Amino acid Dietary energy Digestive dynamic Electrolyte balance Peptide Reduced crude protein

Protein sources and starch-protein digestive dynamics manipulate growth performance in broiler chickens defined by an equilateraltriangle response surface design

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 204-213页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline peter v.Chrystal peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamden NSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

A total of 360 male,off-sex Ross 308 chicks were offered 10 dietary treatments from 14 to 35 d post ehatch in an equilateral-triangle response surface design feeding study in order to confirm the importance of protein and amino acid digestive dynamics in broiler *** 3 apical diets were nutritionally-equivalent containing either soybean meal,non-bound amino acids or whey protein concentrate as the major source of dietary protein and amino *** blends of the 3 apical diets comprised the balance of 7 diets and each dietary treatment was offered to 6 replicate cages with 6 birds per *** performance,nutrient utilisation,apparent protein and starch digestibility coefficients were determined in 4 small intestinal *** optimal weight gain(2,085 g/bird)and feed conversion ratios(FCR,1.397)were generated by Diet 50S50W which included a 50:50 blend of apical diets rich in whey protein concentrate and soybean *** chickens offered Diet 50S50W also had the highest experimental and predicted jejunal digestibility(0.685 in proximal jejunum and 0.823 in distal jejunum).FCR was not correlated with apparent distal ileal digestibility coefficient(P>0.05)of protein but was correlated with apparent protein digestibility in proximal jejunum(r=-0.369,P=0.040)and distal jejunum(r=-0.316,P=0.015).Surplus dietary starch was correlated with increased fat pad weight(r=0.781,P?0.008).The findings confirmed the relevance of protein digestion rate,reflected by jejunal digestibility,on feed conversion of broiler chickens.A balance between protein-bound and non-bound crystalline or synthetic amino acids may be required for optimal growth and protein digestion.

关键词： Amino acid Digestive dynamics Glucose Protein Starch

Pulse generation with ultra-superluminal pulse propagation in semiconductor heterostructures by superradiant-phase transition enhanced by transient coherent population gratings

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 737-743页

作者： peter P vasil’ev Richard v Penty Ian H White Centre for Photonic Systems Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB30FAUK Quantum Electronics Division PN Lebedev Physical InstituteMoscow 119991Russia

This paper reports the observation of ultra-superluminal pulse propagation in multiple-contact semiconductor heterostructures in a superradiant emission regime,and shows definitively that it is a different class of emission from conventional spontaneous or stimulated *** population gratings induced in the semiconductor medium under strong electrical pumping have been shown to cause a major decrease of the group refractive index,in the range of 5–40%.This decrease is much greater than that caused by conventional carrier depletion or chirp *** decrease in refractive index in turn causes faster-than-c propagation of femtosecond *** measurement also proves the existence of coherent amplification of electromagnetic pulses in semiconductors at room temperature,the coherence being strongly enhanced by interactions of the light with coherent transient gratings locked to carrier *** pulse-generation technique is anticipated to have great potential in applications where highly coherent femtosecond optical pulses must be generated on demand.

关键词： phase transition population grating superradiance superluminal propagation

Fiber-integrated Brillouin microspectroscopy:Towards Brillouin endoscopy

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2017年第6期10卷 17-25页

作者： Irina v.Kabakova YuChen Xiang Carl Paterson peter Torok Blackett Laboratory Imperial College London Prince Consort Road SW72AZLondonUK

Brillouin imaging(BI)for micromechanical characterization of tisues and biomaterials is a fast-developing field of research with a strong potential for medical diagnosis of disease-modified tissues and *** the principles of BI imply its compatibility with in vivo and in situ measurements,the integntion of BI with a flexible catheter,capable of reaching the region of interest within the body,is yet to be ***,for the first time,we experimentally investigate integration of the Brillouin spectroscope with standard optical fber components to achieve a Brillouin *** performance of single-fiber and dual-fiber endoscopes are demonstrated and *** show that a major challenge in construction of Bri louin endoscopes is the strong backward Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber and we present a dual-fiber geometry as a possible *** of Brillouin spectra in test liquids(water,ethanol and glyoerol)ane demonstrated using the dual-fiber endoscope and its performance is analyzed numerically with the help of a beam propagation model.

关键词： Brillouin imaging fiber integration endoscope