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Precipitate Contribution to the Acoustic Nonlinearity in Nickel-Based Superalloy

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第8期26卷 219-222页

作者： Chung-Seok KIM cliff j. LISSENDEN Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University 212 EES Bldg. University Park PA 16802 USA

The influence of γ′ precipitate on the acoustic nonlinearity is investigated for a nickel-based superalloy, which is subj.cted to creep deformation. During creep deformation, the cuboidal γ′ precipitate is preferentially coarsened in a direction perpendicular to the applied stress axis. The length and shape factor of the γ′ precipitate increase with creep time. The increase of relative acoustic nonlinearity with increasing fraction of creep life is discussed in relation to the rafting of γ′ precipitate, which is closely related to the scattering and distortion of the acoustic wave

关键词： PRECIPITATION (Chemistry) NONLINEAR acoustics NICKEL alloys HEAT resistant alloys CREEP (Materials) DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) SOUND wave scattering

40 Years of Surface Warming in the Northern US Rocky Mountains: Implications for Snowpack Retreat

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American j.urnal of Climate Change 2016年第2期5卷 275-295页

作者： matthew j. Hornbach Maria Richards David Blackwell cliff Mauroner Casey Brokaw Huffington Department of Earth Sciences Southern Methodist University Dallas TX USA

The northern US Rocky Mountains are experiencing rapid warming. Combined analysis of Ground Temperature (GT) measurements at two high-fidelity boreholes with Surface Air Temperature (SAT) measurements near Helena Montana spanning the past 40 years indicate the northern US Rockies have warmed on average 0.12°C - 0.32°C/decade since 1975, at least a factor of ~5 higher than the predicted 500-year-average. Warming appears to be accelerating, with warming rates since 2013 4 - 7 times higher than the 40 year average. Though uncertainty exists, the most significant GT warming appears to occur at higher elevation. Warming estimates are consistent with modelling predictions, snowpack observations, and stream temperature studies, all suggesting rapid surface temperature change in this region during the past ~40 years. The analysis indicates GT warming measured at remote borehole sites is slightly lower than regional SAT measurements collected near urban environments. We associate the discrepancy between GT/SAT measurements to both anthropogenic effects (urban development) that increase warming at the nearest SAT measurement station and a 14-year period of anomalously low snowfall that reduces surface insulation and GT warming. Using a derived average forty-year surface warming rate of 0.22°C/ decade and regional temperature-elevation trends, we calculate that the elevation of the winter freeze line during the three coldest months of the year (December, j.nuary, and February) in the northern US Rocky Mountains is retreating upward, on average, 33 m/decade. This implies a 21% reduction in freeze-line area since 1974. If this trend continues, we estimate that within the next 40 years (by 2060), the total area where ground freeze occurs during the three coldest months of the year will be ~60% of 1974 values. Since GT measurements indicate accelerated warming, this may be an underestimate. The analysis has important implications for the snowpack-water budget for Montana and the n

关键词： Climate Change Montana Rocky Mountains Water Temperature Borehole Snowpack

RNA structure determination:From 2D to 3D

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Fundamental Research 2023年第5期3卷 727-737页

作者： j.e Deng Xianyang Fang Lin Huang Shanshan Li Lilei Xu Keqiong Ye j.nsong Zhang Kaiming Zhang Qiangfeng cliff Zhang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineSun Yat-Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120China Beij.ng Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of RNA Biology CAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology&Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing 100084China

RNA molecules serve a wide range of functions that are closely linked to their *** basic structural units of RNA consist of single-and double-stranded *** order to carry out advanced functions such as catalysis and ligand binding,certain types of RNAs can adopt higher-order *** analysis of RNA structures has progressed alongside advancements in structural biology techniques,but it comes with its own set of challenges and corresponding *** this review,we will discuss recent advances in RNA structure analysis techniques,including structural probing methods,X-ray crystallography,nuclear magnetic resonance,cryo-electron microscopy,and small-angle X-ray ***,a combination of multiple techniques is employed for the integrated analysis of RNA *** also survey important RNA structures that have been recently determined using various techniques.

关键词： RNA structure RNA structure probing X-ray crystallography Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Cryo-electron microscopy Small angle X-ray scattering

Strategies towards robust interpretations of in situ zircon oxygen isotopes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 241-255页

作者： j.nne Liebmann Christopher L.Kirkland j.hn B.cliff Christopher j.Spencer Aaron j.Cavosie Timescales of Mineral Systems Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWashington 99354United States Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Space Science and Technology Centre The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary ScienceCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia

Oxygen isotopes are a versatile tool to address a wide range of questions in the Earth *** include geothermometry,paleoclimatology,tracing of geochemical reservoirs,fluid-rock interaction,magmatic petrogenesis,and identification of extra-terrestrial *** arguably provides one of the most robust records of primary magmatic O isotope ratio due to low diffusion rates in crystalline *** ability to correlate zircon O isotopes with temporal and petrogenetic information(e.g.U-Pb geochronology,Lu-Hf isotopes,and trace elements)makes this mineral a key archive for understanding Earth’s crustal ***,zircon O isotope geochemistry has found widespread usage to address fundamental questions across the earth and planetary *** general apparent ease of O isotopic acquisition through the advancement of rapid in situ techniques(*** ion mass spectrometry;SIMS)and associated dedicated national laboratories has led to the generation of large O isotopic data sets of variable quality,highlighting the importance of a coherent workflow for data collection,reduction,and *** paper presents a set of approaches for measurement,assessment,and reporting of zircon O isotope *** focus in this contribution is on in situ analysis via secondary ion mass spectrometry using large geometry instruments,but other commonly used techniques are briefly reviewed for *** work aims to provide an analytical framework necessary for geologically meaningful interpretation of O isotope *** addition,we describe inherent geological(***-induced disturbance of the zircon O isotopic system)and analytical(*** due to sample topography effects)challenges and outline means to identify and avoid such issues as a prerequisite to the generation of robust primary O isotopic signatures for geological interpretation.

关键词： In situ Oxygen isotopes Zircon SIMS Secondary ion mass spectrometry Off-mount standard

Three-dimensional perfused human in vitro model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2017年第2期23卷 204-215页

作者： Tomasz Kostrzewski Terri Cornforth Sophie A Snow Larissa Ouro-Gnao cliff Rowe Emma M Large David j.Hughes CN Bio Innovations Limited Welwyn Garden City AL7 3AXUnited Kingdom

AIM To develop a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), utilising primary hepatocytes cultured in a three-dimensional(3D) perfused platform. METHODS Fat and lean culture media were developed to directly investigate the effects of fat loading on primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D perfused culture system. Oil Red O staining was used to measure fat loading in the hepatocytes and the consumption of free fatty acids(FFA) from culture medium was monitored. Hepatic functions, gene expression profiles and adipokine release were compared for cells cultured in fat and lean conditions. To determine if fat loading in the system could be modulated hepatocytes were treated with known anti-steatotic compounds. RESULTS Hepatocytes cultured in fat medium were found to accumulate three times more fat than lean cells and fat uptake was continuous over a 14-d culture. Fat loading of hepatocytes did not cause any hepatotoxicity and significantly increased albumin production. Numerous adipokines were expressed by fatty cells and genes associated with NAFLD and liver disease were upregulated including: Insulin-like growth factorbinding protein 1, fatty acid-binding protein 3 and CYP7A1. The metabolic activity of hepatocytes cultured in fatty conditions was found to be impaired and the activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were significantlyreduced, similar to observations made in NAFLD patients. The utility of the model for drug screening was demonstrated by measuring the effects of known antisteatotic compounds. Hepatocytes, cultured under fatty conditions and treated with metformin, had a reduced cellular fat content compared to untreated controls and consumed less FFA from cell culture *** The 3D in vitro NAFLD model recapitulates many features of clinical NAFLD and is an ideal tool for analysing the efficacy of anti-steatotic compounds.

关键词：非酒精的脂肪肝疾病肝疾病三维的房间文化 Organ-on-chip 主要房间文化脂肪肝 Hepatocytes

Recent advances in RNA structurome

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第7期65卷 1285-1324页

作者： Bingbing Xu Yanda Zhu Changchang Cao Hao Chen Qiongli j.n Guangnan Li j.nfeng Ma Siwy Ling Yang j.eyu Zhao j.anghui Zhu Yiliang Ding Xianyang Fang Yongfeng j.n Chun Kit Kwok Aiming Ren Yue Wan Zhiye Wang Yuanchao Xue Huakun Zhang Qiangfeng cliff Zhang Yu Zhou MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis&Protection Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of RNA Biology Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Virology College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Beij.ng Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Genome Institute of SingaporeA*STARSingaporeSingapore Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine PollutionCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing 100084China Department of Cell and Developmental Biology John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUnited Kingdom Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518057China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

RNA structures are essential to support RNA functions and regulation in various biological processes. Recently, a range of novel technologies have been developed to decode genome-wide RNA structures and novel modes of functionality across a wide range of species. In this review, we summarize key strategies for probing the RNA structurome and discuss the pros and cons of representative technologies. In particular, these new technologies have been applied to dissect the structural landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. We also summarize the functionalities of RNA structures discovered in different regulatory layers-including RNA processing, transport, localization, and mRNA translation-across viruses, bacteria, animals, and plants. We review many versatile RNA structural elements in the context of different physiological and pathological processes(e.g., cell differentiation, stress response, and viral replication). Finally, we discuss future prospects for RNA structural studies to map the RNA structurome at higher resolution and at the single-molecule and single-cell level, and to decipher novel modes of RNA structures and functions for innovative applications.

关键词： RNA structurome high-throughput techniques genome-wide 3D structure RNA secondary structure SARS-CoV-2 decoding function

Anaphylaxis to Skin Prick Testing in a 29-Year-Old Woman

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International j.urnal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第6期3卷 559-561页

作者： Caroline j. Lodge Shyamali C. Dharmage Rida U. Khalafzai Michael j. Abramson David j. Hill cliff S. Hosking Katrina j. Allen Centre for Molecular Environmental Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash University The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia j.hn Hunter Children’s Hospital Newcastle Australia Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne Australia

Introduction: Skin prick testing (SPT) is a common test to diagnose IgE sensitization and the rate of adverse reactions is very low. Case Presentation: 29-year-old woman with anaphylactic reaction to routine SPT with 11 allergens (aero and food). Discussion: Allergy profile included multiple food and inhalant allergies, polysensitization, prior episode of anaphylaxis to mushrooms, active eczema and active hay fever but not active asthma. Conclusion: Anaphylaxis to SPT, although a rare event, is unpredictable necessitating availability of appropriate personnel and adequate resuscitation facilities for all testing.

关键词： Anaphylaxis Skin Prick Testing

Corrigendum to “Strategies towards robust interpretations of in situ zircon oxygen isotopes”[***.14(2)(2023)101523]

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 496-496页

作者： j.nne Liebmann Christopher L.Kirkland j.hn B.cliff Christopher j.Spencer Aaron j.Cavosie Timescales of Mineral Systems Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA 99354United States Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Space Science and Technology Centre The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary ScienceCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia

In the originally published version of our article(Liebmann et al.,2023),Table 2 incorrectly states that the publishedδ^(18)O value of reference zircon BR231 is 5.05‰±0.10‰.The correct value is 9.81‰±0.08‰(2 st... 详细信息

关键词： value zircon

IRIS:A method for predicting in vivo RNA secondary structures using PARIS data

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Quantitative Biology 2020年第4期8卷 369-381页

作者： j.anyu Zhou Pan Li Wanwen Zeng Wenxiu Ma Zhipeng Lu Rui j.ang Qiangfeng cliff Zhang Tao j.ang Bioinformatics Division BNRISTTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyCenter for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Software Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Statistics University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Southern CaliforniaCA 90089USA Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA

Background:RNA secondary structures play a pivotal role in posttranscriptional regulation and the functions of non-coding RNAs,yet in vivo RNA secondary structures remain ***(Psoralen Analysis of RNA Interactions and Structures)is a recently developed high-throughput sequencing-based approach that enables direct capture of RNA duplex structures in ***,the existence of incompatible,fuzzy pairing information obstructs the integration of PARIS data with the existing tools for reconstructing RNA secondary structure models at the single-base ***:We introduce IRIS,a method for predicting RNA secondary structure ensembles based on PARIS *** generates a large set of candidate RNA secondary structure models under the guidance of redistributed PARIS reads and then uses a Bayesian model to identify the optimal ensemble,according to both thermodynamic principles and PARIS ***:The predicted RNA structure ensembles by IRIS have been verified based on evolutionary conservation information and consistency with other experimental RNA structural *** is implemented in Python and freely available at http://***:IRIS capitalizes upon PARIS data to improve the prediction of in vivo RNA secondary structure *** expect that IRIS will enhance the application of the PARIS technology and shed more insight on in vivo RNA secondary structures.

关键词： RNA secondary structure PARIS data in vivo structure ensembles incompatible reads