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Features of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Cases in Hong Kong 2004-2007

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第6期21卷 521-527页

作者： chun-kwan wong PATRICIA HUNG KELLIE L. H. LEE TINA MOK THOMAS chunG KAI-MAN KAM Biotoxin Laboratory Public Health Laboratory Services Branch Centre for Health Protection Department of Health Shek Kip Mei Kowloon Food and Environmental Hygiene Department Queensway Government Offices

Ohjective To review the clinical features and laboratory investigations of ciguatera patients in Hong Kong between 2004 and 2007 in order to show the timely sampling of implicated fish from ciguatera victims and application of validated mouse bioassay for confirming suspected clinical cases of ciguatera. Methods Diagnosis of the ciguatera victims was based on history of coral fish consumption and clinical presentations stated in official guidelines for clinical diagnosis of ciguatera fish poisoning in Hong Kong. Food remnants of coral fish samples were collected swiftly from ciguatera victims between 2004 and 2007 for ciguatoxins （CTXs） analysis. Results Major clinical symptoms in ciguatera patients included gastrointestinal and neurological effects including limb numbness and diarrhoea, which developed at 0.5 to 15 hours after consumption of fish. In most cases, neurological symptoms were more common than gastrointestinal symptoms. A broad range of attack rate （10%-100%） was observed in each ciguatera outbreak. Validated mouse bioassay on ether extracts of the food remnant samples confirmed that all were CTXs-positive （〈0.5 - 4.3 MU/20 mg ether extract） and directly linked to the corresponding ciguatera cases. Conclusion Consistency between clinical and laboratory analysis for ciguatera poisoning illustrates the application of laboratory mouse bioassay in a timely fashion for confirming ciguatera poisoning cases and implementing effective public health measures. With further improvement in laboratory techniques, features of ciguatera fish poisoning cases can be better defined, Further studies are needed to determine the risk of each class of CTXs （Pacific-, Indian- and Caribbean-CTXs） in Hong Kong.

关键词： Ciguatera poisoning Ciguatoxin Food remnants Hong Kong Mouse bioassay

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Crosstalk between degradation and bioenergetics: how autophagy and endolysosomal processes regulate energy production

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 671-681页

作者： Angelid Pabon Jagannatham Naidu Bhupana Ching-On wong Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers UniversityNewarkNJUSA

Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, cellular activity, and transitions in cell states. The balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration is crucial for energy production, and metabolic reprogramming stipulates a shift in such balance to optimize both bioenergetic efficiency and anabolic requirements. Failure in switching bioenergetic dependence can lead to maladaptation and pathogenesis. While cellular degradation is known to recycle precursor molecules for anabolism, its potential role in regulating energy production remains less explored. The bioenergetic switch between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration involves transcription factors and organelle homeostasis, which are both regulated by the cellular degradation pathways. A growing body of studies has demonstrated that both stem cells and differentiated cells exhibit bioenergetic switch upon perturbations of autophagic activity or endolysosomal processes. Here, we highlighted the current understanding of the interplay between degradation processes, specifically autophagy and endolysosomes, transcription factors, endolysosomal signaling, and mitochondrial homeostasis in shaping cellular bioenergetics. This review aims to summarize the relationship between degradation processes and bioenergetics, providing a foundation for future research to unveil deeper mechanistic insights into bioenergetic regulation.

关键词： autophagy bioenergetics endolysosome energy production glycolysis metabolic reprogramming mitochondria

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Characteristics of Phytoplankton Community Structure During and After a Bloom of the Dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea by HPLC Pigment Analysis

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2009年第2期8卷 141-149页

作者： wong chun-kwan wong Chong-kim Department of Biology The Chinese University of Hong Kong

A bloom of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea was detected for the first time in inner Tolo Harbor,Hong Kong in 2 000. Water samples were collected at eight stations along a transect passing through a red tide patch for microscopic analysis of phytoplankton composition and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis of phytoplankton pigments. During the bloom,the density of dinoflagellates was 1.1×106 cells L-1 within the patch and 8.6×105 cells L-1 outside the patch where the phytoplankton community was dominated by diatoms. After the bloom the S. trochoidea began to decrease in density and was replaced by diatoms as the dominating bloom-causing organisms at all stations,and the density of dinoflagellates at most stations was less than 1.0 × 106 cells L-1. The status of S. trochoidea as the causative species of the bloom was indicated by the presence of peridinin,the marker pigment for dinoflagellates. The shift from dinoflagellates to diatoms was marked by the decline of peridinin and the prevalence of fucoxanthin. Phytoplankton pigment markers also revealed the presence of other minor phytoplankton assemblages such as cryptomonads and blue-green algal.

关键词： coastal water HPLC phytoplankton pigments bloom Scrippsiella trochoidea

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Advances in Graphene‑Based Electrode for Triboelectric Nanogenerator

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 378-403页

作者： Bin Xie Yuanhui Guo Yun Chen Hao Zhang Jiawei Xiao Maoxiang Hou Huilong Liu Li Ma Xin Chen Chingping wong State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China School of Electromechanical Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation *** nanogenerator(TENG)technology can convert small mechanical energy into electricity,which is expected to address this *** the core component of TENG,the choice of electrode materials significantly affects its *** metal electrode materials often suffer from problems such as durability,which limits the further application of ***,as a novel electrode material,shows excellent prospects for application in TENG owing to its unique structure and excellent electrical *** review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application prospects of TENGs based on graphene *** precision processing methods of graphene electrodes are introduced,and the applications of graphene electrode-based TENGs in various scenarios as well as the enhancement of graphene electrodes for TENG performance are *** addition,the future development of graphene electrode-based TENGs is also prospectively discussed,aiming to promote the continuous advancement of graphene electrode-based TENGs.

关键词： Triboelectric nanogenerator Precision processing Graphene electrode Self-powered sensor

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Nanoimprint lithography-assisted block copolymer self-assembly for hyperfine fabrication of magnetic patterns based on L10-FePt nanoparticles

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Jie Zhang Yi Chen Guijun Li Zelin Sun Zhengong Meng Wai-Yeung wong Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Division of Integrative Systems and Design and Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University

L10-FePt-type bit-patterned media has provided a promising alternative for ultrahigh-density magnetic recording systems in the current digital era, but rapid fabrication of magnetic patterns with hyperfine bit islands is still challenging, especially with the target for miniaturization and scalable production simultaneously. Herein, Fe,Pt-containing block copolymers were utilized as single-source precursors for solution-processable patterning and subsequent generation of the demanding magnetic FePt dots by in situ pyrolysis. High-throughput nanoimprint lithography was initially employed to fabricate the predefined bit cells precisely,and then the intrinsic self-assembly of phase-separated block copolymers further drove the formation of accurate bit *** from the synergistic effect of top-down lithographic approach and bottom-up self-assembly, the customizable patterns could be achieved for large-scale mass production in targeted areas, but high-density isolated dots could also be accurately aligned along the patterned features after subsequent self-assembly. This reliable strategy would provide a good avenue to precisely construct ultrahigh-density magnetic data storage devices.

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Surface-tailoring chlorine resistant materials and strategies for polyamide thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 564-591页

作者： Pei Sean Goh Kar chun wong Tuck Whye wong Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre(AMTEC) School of Chemical and Energy EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 Johor BahruMalaysia

Polyamide thin film composite membranes have dominated current reverse osmosis market on account of their excellent separation performances compared to the integrally skinned *** their very promising separation performance,chlorine-induced degradation resulted from the susceptibility of polyamide toward chlorine attack has been regarded as the Achilles’s heel of polyamide thin film *** free chlorine species present during chlorine treatment can impair membrane performance through chlorination and depolymerization of the polyamide selective *** material point of view,a chemically stable membrane is crucial for the sustainable application of membrane separation process as it warrants a longer membrane lifespan and reduces the cost involved in membrane *** strategies,particularly those involved membrane material optimization and surface modifications,have been established to address this *** review discusses membrane degradation by free chlorine attack and its correlation with the surface chemistry of *** advancement in the development of chlorine resistant polyamide thin film composite membranes is reviewed based on the state-of-the-art surface modifications and tailoring approaches which include the in situ and postfabrication membrane modifications using a broad range of functional *** challenges and future directions in this field are also highlighted.

关键词： reverse osmosis polyamide thin film composite membranes chlorine resistance surface modification

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MHC class I-LILRB3 delivers a punch to eliminate precancerous cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第6期19卷 655-656页

作者： Chi chun wong Jun Yu Institute of Digestive Disease Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsState Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

In the study by Ayukawa et al.[1],the authors presented an innate defense mechanism whereby normal epithelial cells actively remove precancerous cells from the epithelium via mechanical extrusion(Fig.1).

关键词： precancerous epithelium

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Development of An ICR Mouse Bioassay for Toxicity Evaluation in Neurotoxic Poisoning Toxins-Contaminated Shellfish

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第5期26卷 346-364页

作者： wong chun kwan HUNG Patricia KAM Kai Man Biotoxin Laboratory Microbiology DivisionPublic Health Laboratory Services BranchCentre for Health ProtectionDepartment of HealthShek Kip MeiKowloon

Objective To develop an ICR （female） mouse bioassay （MBA） for toxicity confirmation and evaluation of neurotoxins （brevetoxins）-contaminated shellfish. Methods Brevetoxins （BTX-B） as a causative agent of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning （NSP） under different shellfish matrices were intraperitoneally injected at different doses into mice to study their toxic effects and to differentiate the range of lethal and sublethal dosages. Their sensitivity and specificity were analyzed with 2 competitive ELISA kits for quantitative determination of standard BTX-B and dihydroBTX-B under different shellfish matrix-diluent combinations. Detection rates of MBA and two antibody-based assays for BTX-B from field NSP-positive shellfish samples were compared. Results BTX-B could be detected in shellfish tissues at concentration of 50-400 μg/100 g under shellfish matrix-Tween-saline media, which were appropriate to identify toxic shellfish at or above the regulatory limit （80 μg/100 g shellfish tissues）. The LD 50 identified was 455 g/kg for BTX-B under general shellfish matrices （excluding oyster matrices） dissolved in Tween-saline. The presence of shellfish matrices, of oyster matrices in particular, retarded the occurrence of death and toxicity presentation in mice. Two antibody-based assays, even in the presence of different shellfish matrix-diluent combinations, showed acceptable results in quantifying BTX-B and dihydroBTX-B well below the regulatory limit. Conclusion The two ELISA analyses agree favorably （correlation coefficient, r 0.96; Student＇s t-tests, P〉0.05） with the developed bioassay.

关键词： Antibody-based assay Brevetoxin ICR female mice LD 50 Mouse bioassay Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning

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Applications of TETRA Digital Trunked Radio System in Major International Events and Disaster Relief

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China Communications 2008年第4期5卷 106-108页

作者： wong chun-kau Jolly Chief Telecommunications Engineer Information Systems Wing Hong Kong Police Force Ir Chief Telecommunications Engineer Information Systems Wing Hong Kong Police Force

Ⅰ. AN OVERVIEW OF THE THIRD GEN-ERATION COMMAND AND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM (CC3) OF THE HONG KONG POLICE FORCE1.1 CC1The first generation command and control communi-cations center of the HKPF (CC1) was establ... 详细信息

关键词： TETRA Radio

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Photoelectrochemical degradation of Methylene Blue with β-PbO_2 electrodes driven by visible light irradiation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第6期23卷 998-1003页

作者： Guoting Li HoYin Yip Kin Hang wong chun Hu Jiuhui Qu Po Keung wong Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power Zhengzhou 450011 China School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong SAR China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beifing 100085 China

β-PbO2 electrodes were prepared by electro-deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and linear sweep *** confirmed pure β-PbO2 crystals were on the electrode and it had a high oxygen evolution *** photoactivity and photoelectrochemical（PEC） properties of the β-PbO2 electrode were investigated under visible light irradiation（λ 〉 420 nm） for the decolorization of Methylene *** first-order kinetics parameter（Kapp） for dye decolorization using the β-PbO2 electrode achieved 6.71×10-4 min-1 under visible light irradiation,which indicated its excellent visible light-induced *** Kapp of the PEC process was as much as 1.41×10-3 min-1 and was 1.71 times that of visible light irradiation or electrolysis even in the presence of the β-PbO2 electrode.A significant synergetic effect was observed in the PEC *** also employed TiO2 modified β-PbO2 electrodes in this test,which revealed that the TiO2 immobilized on the β-PbO2 electrode inhibited the visible light-induced PEC efficiency despite the amount of TiO2 used for electrode *** β-PbO2 electrode was also superior to the dimensionally stable anode（Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2） in visible light-induced photoactivity and PEC efficiency.

关键词： photocatalysis photoelectrochemical process visible light β-PbO2 electrode

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