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Thermal fronts and cross-frontal heat flux in the southern Huanghai Sea and the East china Sea

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第5期27卷 1-20页

作者： PARK Sunghyea chu peter c Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School

Synoptic features in/around thermal fronts and cross-frontal heat fluxes in the southern Huanghai./Yellow Sea and East china Sea （HES） were examined using the data collected from four airborne expendable bathythermograph surveys with horizontal approxmately 35 km and vertical 1 m（from the surface to 400 m deep） spacings. Since the fronts are strongly affected by HES current system, the synoptic thermal features in/around them represent the interaction of currents with surrounding water masses. These features can not be obtained from climatological data. The identified thermal features are listed as follows ：（ 1 ） multiple boundaries of cold water, asymmetric thermocline intrusion, locally-split front by homogeneous water of approxmately 18 ℃, and mergence of the front by the Taiwan Warm current in/around summertime southern cheju - changjiang/Yangtze front and Tsushima front; （2） springtime frontal eddy-like feature around Tsushima front; （3） year-round cyclonic meandering and summertime temperature-inversion at the bottom of the surface mixed layer in cheju - Tsushima front; and （4） multistructure of Kuroshio front. In the Kuroshio front the mean variance of vertical temperature gradient is an order of degree smaller than that in other HES fronts. The southern cheju- changjiang front and cheju -Tsushima front are connected with each other in the summer with comparable cross-frontal temperature gradient. However, cross-frontal heat flux and lateral eddy diffusivity are stronger in the southern cheju - changjiang front. The cross-frontal heat exchange is the largest in the mixing zone between the modified Huanghai Sea bottom cold water and the Tsushima Warm current, which is attributable to enhanced thermocline intrusions.

关键词： southern Huanghai Sea and East china Sea AXBT synoptic thermal front cross-frontal heat flux lateral eddy diffusivity

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Argo floats revealing bimodality of large-scale mid-depth circulation in the North Atlantic

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第2期27卷 1-10页

作者： chu peter c IVANOV Leonid M MELNIcHENKO Oleg V LI Rongfeng Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California USA International Pacific Research center University of Hawaii at Manoa Hawaii USA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Analysis of Argo float trajectories at 1 000 m and temperature at 950 m in the North Atlantic between November 2003 and January 2005 demonstrates the existence of two different circulation modes with fast transition between them. Each mode has a pair of cyclonic - anticyclonic gyres. The difference is the location of the cyclonic gyre. The cyclonic gyre stretches from southeast to northwest in the first mode and from the southwest to the northeast in the second mode. The observed modes strongly affect the heat and salt transport in the North Atlantic. In particular, the second mode slows down the westward transport of the warm and saline water from the Mediterranean Sea.

关键词： Argo trajectory data Atlantic Ocean biomodality mid-depth circulation optimal spectral decomposition

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Improvement of short-term forecasting in the northwest Pacific through assimilating Argo data into initial fields

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第7期32卷 57-65页

作者： FU Hongli chu peter c HAN Guijun HE Zhongjie LI Wei ZHANG Xuefeng Key Laboratory of State Oceanic Adminstration for Marine Environmental Information Technology National Marine Data and Information ServiceState Oceanic Administration Naval Ocean Analysis and Prediction Laboratory Naval Postgraduate School

The impact of assimilating Argo data into an initial field on the short-term forecasting accuracy of temper- ature and salinity is quantitatively estimated by using a forecasting system of the western North Pacific, on the base of the Princeton ocean model with a generalized coordinate system （POMgcs）. This system uses a sequential multigrid three-dimensional variational （3DVAR） analysis scheme to assimilate observation da- ta. Two numerical experiments were conducted with and without Argo temperature and salinity profile data besides conventional temperature and salinity profile data and sea surface height anomaly （SSHa） and sea surface temperature （SST） in the process of assimilating data into the initial fields. The forecast errors are estimated by using independent temperature and salinity profiles during the forecasting period, including the vertical distributions of the horizontally averaged root mean square errors （H-RMSEs） and the horizontal distributions of the vertically averaged mean errors （MEs） and the temporal variation of spatially averaged root mean square errors （S-RMSEs）. comparison between the two experiments shows that the assimila- tion of Argo data significantly improves the forecast accuracy, with 24% reduction of H-RMSE maximum for the temperature, and the salinity forecasts are improved more obviously, averagely dropping of 50% for H-RMSEs in depth shallower than 300 m. Such improvement is caused by relatively uniform sampling of both temperature and salinity from the Argo drifters in time and space.

关键词： data assimilation Argo data western North Pacific ocean prediction

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等密度面P-矢量方法和南海北部环流

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自然科学进展（国家重点实验室通讯） 2001年第5期11卷 499-506页

作者： chu peter c 李荣凤游小宝 Depatment of Oceanography Naval Postgradate SchoolMontereyCA 93943USA 中国科学院大气物理研究所LASG

介绍了等密度面上的P-矢量方法,并用该法计算了南海等密度面上的环流和通过吕宋海峡各个月份的体积输送。计算结果表明:净输送量全年都是流入南海,二月份黑潮入侵最强,九月份入侵最弱;在混合层以下,南海的代表性流型是一个海盆尺度的气... 详细信息

介绍了等密度面上的P-矢量方法,并用该法计算了南海等密度面上的环流和通过吕宋海峡各个月份的体积输送。计算结果表明:净输送量全年都是流入南海,二月份黑潮入侵最强,九月份入侵最弱;在混合层以下,南海的代表性流型是一个海盆尺度的气旋式环流,环流内部又有一些季节性变化的中小尺度的涡旋。

关键词：等密度面 P-矢量方法气旋式环流南海黑潮

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Treadmill exercise in combination with acousto-optic and olfactory stimulation improves cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-and cygb-associated signaling pathways

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2706-2726页

作者： Biao Xiao chaoyang chu Zhicheng Lin Tianyuan Fang Yuyu Zhou chuxia Zhang Jianghui Shan Shiyu chen Liping Li Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiang ProvinceChina Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province NingboZhejiang ProvinceChina

A reduction in adult neurogenesis is associated with behavioral abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's ***,enhancing adult neurogenesis represents a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating disease symptoms and ***,nonpharmacological interventions aimed at inducing adult neurogenesis are currently *** individual non-pharmacological interventions,such as aerobic exercise,acousto-optic stimulation,and olfactory stimulation,have shown limited capacity to improve neurogenesis and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease,the therapeutic effect of a strategy that combines these interventions has not been fully *** this study,we observed an age-dependent decrease in adult neurogenesis and a concurrent increase in amyloid-beta accumulation in the hippocampus of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice aged 2-8 *** deposition became evident at 4 months,while neurogenesis declined by 6 months,further deteriorating as the disease ***,following a 4-week multifactor stimulation protocol,which encompassed treadmill running(46 min/d,10 m/min,6 days per week),40 Hz acousto-optic stimulation(1 hour/day,6 days/week),and olfactory stimulation(1 hour/day,6 days/week),we found a significant increase in the number of newborn cells(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive cells),immature neurons(doublecortin-positive cells),newborn immature neurons(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive/doublecortin-positive cells),and newborn astrocytes(5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive/glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells).Additionally,the amyloid-beta load in the hippocampus *** findings suggest that multifactor stimulation can enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis and mitigate amyloid-beta neuropathology in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 ***,cognitive abilities were improved,and depressive symptoms were alleviated in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice

关键词： acousto-optic stimulation adult neurogenesis Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice amyloid-beta deposition brain cell apoptosis cognitive impairment depression-like behavior involuntary treadmill exercise olfactory stimulation serum metabolites

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Evaluation of Haney-Type Surface ThermalBoundary conditions Using a coupledAtmosphere and Ocean Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2001年第3期18卷 355-375页

作者： peter c. chu 陈玉春吕世华 Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School

A coupled atmosphere-ocean model developed at the Institute for Space Studies at NASA Goddard Space Flight center (Russell et al., 1995) was used to verify the validity of Haney-type surface thermal boundary condition, which linearly connects net downward surface heat fluxQ to air/sea temperature difference ΔT by a relaxation coefficientk. The model was initiated from the National centers for Environmental Prediction (NcEP) atmospheric observations for 1 December 1977, and from the National Ocean Data center (NODc) global climatological mean December temperature and salinity fields at 1°x 1° resolution. The time step is 7.5 minutes. We integrated the model for 450 days and obtained a complete model-generated global data set of daily mean downward net surface fluxQ, surface air temperatureT A, and sea surface temperatureT O. Then, we calculated the cross-correlation coefficients (ccc) betweenQ and ΔT. The ensemble mean ccc fields show (a) no correlation betweenQ and ΔT in the equatiorial regions, and (b) evident correlation (ccc≥0.7) betweenQ and ΔT in the middle and high latitudes. Additionally, we did the variance analysis and found that whenk=120 W m?2K?1, the two standard deviations, σQ and σκδT , are quite close in the middle and high latitudes. These results agree quite well with a previous research (chu et al., 1998) on analyzing the NcEP re-analyzed surface data, except that a smaller value ofk (80 W m?2K?1) was found in the previous study. Key words Air-sea coupled system - Ocean surface fluxes - Surface thermal boundary condition

关键词： Air-sea coupled system Ocean surface fluxes Surface thermal boundary condition

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carbon-supported ceNcl as an efficient catalyst for cO_(2)cycloaddition

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 157-163页

作者： Li Liu Lingling Zhang Xiang chu Baokang Geng Huilin Wang Zongxiang Li Xiao Wang Shuyan Song Hongjie Zhang School of Applied chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China Sinocare Incorporation Changsha 410221China Department of chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The cycloaddition reaction of cO_(2)with epoxide not only effectively reduces the concentration of cO_(2)in the atmosphere,but also has excellent industrial application value and up to 100%atom utilization,but there are difficulties in separation and recovery of traditional homogeneous catalysts,harsh reaction conditions of traditional heterogeneous catalysts,and activation of cO_(2)*** this paper,an easily synthesized heterogeneous catalyst ceNcl/c was used to catalyze the cycloaddition reaction of cO_(2)with styrene oxide,with a high yield of 92.7%,a high selectivity of 96.7%,a turnover numbers(TON)value of 349,and a good stability demonstrated in six cycle tests(equivalent to 216 h of testing).Through comprehensive studies,it was shown that ceNcl/c contains Lewis acid-base centers as active centers,which can effectively reduce the energy barrier required for ring opening of the reaction substrate,enhance the adsorption and activation of cO_(2),and promote the formation of intermediates,which led to the acquisition of excellent catalytic activity.

关键词： cO_(2)cycloaddition heterogeneous catalysis ceNcl Lewis acid/base

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Geostrophic meridional transport in tropical Northwest Pacific based on Argo profiles

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chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2013年第3期31卷 656-664页

作者：张志春袁东亮 peter c. chu Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ocean circulation and Waves Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of chinese Academy of Sciences Naval Ocean Analysis and Prediction (NOAP) Laboratory Department of OceanographyNaval Postgraduate School

Absolute geostrophic currents in the North Pacific Ocean were calculated using P-vector method from newly gridded Argo profiling float data collected during 2004-2009. The meridional volume transport of geostrophic currents differed significantly from the classical Sverdrup balance, with differences of 10×106 -20×106 m3 /s in the interior tropical Northwest Pacific Ocean. Analyses showed that errors of wind stress estimation could not explain all of the differences. The largest differences were found in the areas immediately north and south of the bifurcation latitude of the North Equatorial current west of the dateline, and in the recirculation area of the Kuroshio and its extension, where nonlinear eddy activities were robust. comparison of the geostrophic meridional transport and the wind-driven Sverdrup meridional transport in a high-resolution OFES simulation showed that nonlinear effects of the ocean circulation were the most likely reason for the differences. It is therefore suggested that the linear, steady wind-driven dynamics of the Sverdrup theory cannot completely explain the meridional transport of the interior circulation of the tropical Northwest Pacific Ocean.

关键词： Sverdrup theory absolute geostrophic: current P-vector

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South　china　Sea　Warm　Pool　in　Boreal　Spring

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1997年第2期14卷 72-83页

作者： peter c. chu c. P. chang Naval Postgraduate School Monterey USA

During the boreal spring of 1966, a warm-core eddy is identified in the upper South china Sea (ScS) west of the Philippines through an analysis of the U.S. Navy′s Master Oceanographic Observation Data Set. This eddy occurred before the development of the northern summer monsoon and disappeared afterward. We propose that this eddy is a result of the radiative warming during spring and the downwelling due to the anticyclonic forcing at the surface. Our hypothesis suggests an air-sea feedback scenario that may explain the development and withdrawal of the summer monsoon over the ScS. The development phase of the warm-core eddy in this hypothesis is tested by using the Princeton Ocean model.

关键词： Warm-core eddy Summer monsoon Downwelling South china Sea

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The Role of the Halted Baroclinic Mode at the central Equatorial Pacific in El Nifn Event

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 45-53页

作者：孙即霖 peter chu 刘秦玉 Physical Oceanography Laboratory and Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and climate Laboratory Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003 Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate SchoolMontereyU.S.A.

The role of halted ＂baroclinic modes＂ in the central equatorial Pacific is analyzed. It is found that dominant anomaly signals corresponding to ＂baroclinic modes＂ occur in the upper layer of the equatorial Pacific, in a two-and-a-half layer oceanic model, in assimilated results of a simple OGcM and in the ADcP observation of TAO. A second ＂baroclinic mode＂ is halted in the central equatorial Pacific corresponding to a positive SST anomaly while the first ＂baroclinic mode＂ propagates eastwards in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The role of the halted second ＂baroclinic mode＂ in the central equatorial Pacific is explained by a staged ocean-atmosphere interaction mechanism in the formation of El Nifio： the westerly bursts in boreal winter over the western equatorial Pacific generate the halted second ＂baroclinic mode＂ in the central equatorial Pacific, leading to the increase of heat content and temperature in the upper layer of the central Pacific which induces the shift of convection from over the western equatorial Pacific to the central equatorial Pacific; another wider, westerly anomaly burst is induced over the western region of convection above the central equatorial Pacific and the westerly anomaly burst generates the first ＂baroclinic mode＂ propagating to the eastern equatorial Pacific, resulting in a warm event in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The mechanism presented in this paper reveals that the central equatorial Pacific is a key region in detecting the possibility of ENSO and, by analyzing TAO observation data of ocean currents and temperature in the central equatorial Pacific, in predicting the coming of an El Nino several months ahead.

关键词： halted baroclinic mode central equatorial Pacific staged atmosphere-ocean interaction mechanism El Nino

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