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Termites and Chinese agricultural system: applications and advances in integrated termite management and chemical control

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 2-20页

作者： Farhan Ahmad Hatem Fouad Shi-You Liang Yin Hu Jian-chu mo Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agricultural and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Entomology Section Central Cotton Research InstituteSakrandShaheed BenazirabadSindhPakistan Department of Field Crop Pests Plant Protection Research InstituteAgricultural Research CentreCairoEgypt National Termite Control Center HangzhouChina Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityYuhangtang Road 866Hangzhou 310058China

Termites are eusocial arthropod decomposers,and improve soil fertility,crop yield,and also are used by humans for their ben efits across the ***,some species of termites are becoming a threat to the farming community as they are directly and indirectly causing major losses to the agricultural *** is estimated that termites cost the global economy more than 40 billion USD annually,and considerable research has been done on their *** this review,we present the available information related to sustainable and integrated termite management practices(ITM).Furthermore,we insist that the better management of this menace can be possible through:(i)improving traditional methods to keep termites away from crops;(ii)improving agricultural practices to maintain plants with more vigor and less susceptible to termite attack;and(iii)integration of available techniques to reduce termite infestation in crops and *** application of an effective combination of traditional practices with recently developed approaches is the best option for agricultural ***,keeping in mind the beneficial nature of this pest,more innovative efforts for its management,particularly using rapidly emerging technology(e.g.,RNA interference),are needed.

关键词： entomopathogens geographical distribution integrated termite management termite

Effect of occurrence mode of heavy metal elements in a low rank coal on volatility during pyrolysis

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2019年第2期6卷 235-246页

作者： Lingmei Zhou Hao Guo Xiaobing Wang mo chu Guanjun Zhang Ligang Zhang China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) D11 Xueyuan Road Haidian District Beijing 100083 China China Datang Corporation Science and Technology Research Institute Beinong Road 2 Changping District Beijing China School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan China

The harmful trace elements will be released during coal utilization, which can cause environment pollution and further endangering human health, especially for heavy metal elements. Compared to combustion, the release of heavy metal elements during coal pyrolysis process, as a critical initial reaction stage of combustion, has not received sufficient attention. In the present paper, a low rank coal, from Xinjiang province in China, was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor from room temperature, at atmospheric pressure, with the heating rate of 10 °C/min, and the final pyrolysis temperature was from 400 to 800℃ with the interval of 100℃. The volatility of heavy metal elements (including As, Hg, Cd and Pb) during pyrolysis process was investigated. The results showed the volatility of all heavy metal elements increased obviously with increasing temperature, and followed the sequence as Hg > Cd > As > Pb, which was mainly caused by their thermodynamic property and occurrence modes in coal. The occurrence modes of heavy metals were studied by sink-andfloat test and sequential chemical extraction procedure, and it can be found that the heavy metal elements were mainly in the organic and residual states (clay minerals) in the raw coal. And most of the organic heavy metals escaped during the pyrolysis process, the remaining elements were mainly in the residual state, and the elements in Fe-Mn state also tended to remain in the char.

关键词： Coal pyrolysis Heavy metal elements Volatility Occurrence mode

Synthesis of Na-X zeolite from Longkou oil shale ash by alkaline fusion hydrothermal method

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2018年第3期1卷 245-250页

作者： Shu-xia Bai Ling-mei Zhou Zhi-bing Chang Chao Zhang mo chu School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

Na-X zeolites were synthesized by Longkou oil shale ash with the alkaline fusion hydrothermal *** effects of fusion temperature,ash to NaOH ratio,solid-liquid ratio,crystallization time and crystallization temperature on the crystallinity of zeolites were *** synthetic products were characterized by Xray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(29Si NMR)and N2 *** results showed that the conditions to synthesize Na-X zeolite were:Longkou oil shale ash to sodium hydroxide ratio 1:1.2 g・g^(-1),fusion temperature 600℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:4 g・mL^(-1),crystallization time 24 h and crystallization temperature 80℃.The zeolite with high crystallinity(91.32%)was synthesized:the product exhibiting octahedral particles observed by SEM,and the calculated Si/Al ratio in Na-X zeolite being 1.23 from^(29)Si MAS NMR spectra,which was consistent with the observation from XRD.

关键词： Na-X zeolite Oil shale ash Fusion Crystallization Hydrothermal

Study on the comparison of the pyrolysis gas release of lignite and its briquette

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2012年第2期18卷 177-181页

作者： ZHU Shi-feng chu mo ZHAO Fei-xiang College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

In this experiment, lignite was refined and processed through binderless briquette preparation process from low-rank coal and became briquette. Then, lignite and its briquette were pyrolysed as materials to compare the nature of their pyrolysis. In this study, the experiment was carried out through a lab tube furnace, at a heating rate of 10 ~C/min, and the gas was analyzed and compared, which was collected at different temperatures. The results show that： in the pyrolysis temperature of 550-850 ℃, the semi-coke yield of briquette is 2%-6% higher than lignite, the tar yield of briquette is 2%-3% higher than lignite and the gas yield of briquette is 4%-9% less than lignite. The time required for complete release of the briquette is about 20 min less than lignite. The components in the pyrolysis gas of lignite and its briquette are the same, and their variation with the pyrolysis temperature is similar.

关键词： pyrolysis gas lignite briquette

Multipartite symbioses in fungus-growing termites (Blattodea: Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) for the degradation of lignocellulose

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Insect Science 2021年第6期28卷 1512-1529页

作者： Farhan Ahmad Gui-Ying Yang Shi-You Liang Qi-Huan Zhou Hassan Ahmed Gaal Jian-chu mo Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agricultural and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Entomology Section Central Cotton Research InstituteSakrandShaheed BenazirabadSindhPakistan Department of Entomology Faculty of Veterinary and Animal HusbandrySomali National UniversityMogadishuSomalia

Fungus-growing termites are among the most successful herbivorous animals and improve crop productivity and soil fertility.A range of symbiotic organisms can be found inside their ***,interactions of termites with these symbionts are poorly *** review provides detailed information on the role of multipartite symbioses(between termitophiles,termites,fungi,and bacteria)in fungus-growing termites for lignocellulose *** specific functions of each component in the symbiotic system are also *** on previous studies,we argue that the enzymatic contribution from the host,fungus,and bacteria greatly facilitates the decomposition of complex polysaccharide plant *** host-termitophile interaction protects the termite nest from natural enemies and maintains the stability of the microenvironment inside the colony.

关键词： bacteria enzyme activity lignocellulose degradation Macrotermitinae symbiosis Termitomyces

甘肃酒泉风化煤硝化氧化制备腐植酸钾及响应面优化

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腐植酸 2024年第1期 31-39页

作者：刘胜男初茉刘彦妤石旭吕飞勇刘旭中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院北京100083

以甘肃酒泉风化煤为原料,研究了硝化氧化后风化煤腐植酸含量的变化及由其制备的腐植酸钾的性质变化。通过单因素和响应面试验确定了硝化氧化风化煤的最佳氧化条件,采用红外光谱分析、E_(4)/E_(6)值测定、ΔlogA值的测定、含氧官能团测... 详细信息

以甘肃酒泉风化煤为原料,研究了硝化氧化后风化煤腐植酸含量的变化及由其制备的腐植酸钾的性质变化。通过单因素和响应面试验确定了硝化氧化风化煤的最佳氧化条件,采用红外光谱分析、E_(4)/E_(6)值测定、ΔlogA值的测定、含氧官能团测定等方法对腐植酸钾的理化性质进行了表征。结果表明,硝化氧化能够有效提高风化煤中总腐植酸含量,氧化后风化煤中总腐植酸含量达55.21%,提升了30.63%。风化煤最佳硝化氧化条件:液固比为3.9 mL/g,氧化时间为26.7 min,氧化浓度为3.1 mol/L。此外,硝基腐植酸钾的灰分降低,含氧官能团含量、提取率、产率、可溶性腐植酸含量、E_(4)/E_(6)值、ΔlogA值均明显提高。

关键词：风化煤硝化氧化腐植酸钾响应面优化

Comparison of pyrolysis characteristics of two Chinese oil shales based onthe migration and conversion of organic carbon

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2018年第3期1卷 209-217页

作者： Zhi-bing Chang mo chu Chao Zhang Shu-xia Bai Sheng-tao Wang Bao-man Liu School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

In this study,the Huadian oil shale(HD-R)and Balikun oil shale(BLK-R)were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed pyrolyzer at 360–530℃.Based on the migration and conversion of organic carbon,their pyrolysis characteristics were investigated and *** aliphaticity of Huadian kerogen(HD-K)and Balikun kerogen(BLK-K)are 80.53%and 52.83%,*** HD-K contains more C=O,which will render the depolymerization and decomposition of kerogen to occur at low temperatures to produce volatile ***,the cumulative conversion of the Huadian shale oil is greater than the Balikun shale oil at 390–435℃.The aliphatic carbons of the BLK-K are mainly present as short methylene chains attached to aromatic *** will leave the kerogen matrix with the breakage of relatively weaker CeC bonds at β-sites from aromatic rings at medium *** contrast,aliphatic carbons of the HD-K are dominated by long aliphatic *** temperature is necessary to break other stronger CeC to form shale oil and gaseous species,which appears to make the oil accumulation conversion of BLK-R exceed that of HD-R at 450–510℃.

关键词： Oil shale Pyrolysis Kerogen Organic carbon Thermal bitumen Shale oil

Preparation, characterization and salt-resistance of a coal based super absorbent composite

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Mining Science and Technology 2010年第6期20卷 864-871页

作者： chu mo, HUANG Zhanbin, XU Bang, FANG Tao, DUAN Hui School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining & Technology Beijing 100083 China

Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal. A novel super absorbent composite, poly （acrylic acid-co-acryla- mide）/potassium humate （PAA-AM/KHA）, was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid, acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N, N＇-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator. The effects of reaction temperature, degree of neutralization of the poly （acrylic acid） and the amounts of crosslinker, initiator and potassium humate were investigated. Salt resistance tests were also carded out. The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium bumate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water, and 349, 286 and 41 gig in 0.5 mol/L KC1, MgC12 and A1CI3 solutions respectively. The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly （acrylic acid-co-acrylamide） because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate. The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Introduction of potassium humate into the poly （acrylic acid-co-acrylamide） structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments. The salt resisting property of the composite is improved, production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.

关键词： brown coal coal based potassium humate superabsorbent salt-resistant property

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蒙东褐煤热解技术工业应用进展

化工进展 2021年第3期40卷 1362-1370页

作者：范涛初茉畅志兵中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院北京100083 北京德天御投资管理有限责任公司北京100020

蒙东褐煤占我国褐煤储量的83%,是蒙东地区的主要能源。低温热解技术条件温和、产品用途广、经济效益高,是加工蒙东褐煤的主要途径之一。但由于褐煤块煤率低、含水量高、热碎严重等特性以及现行环保产业政策持续趋紧,使褐煤低温热解工业... 详细信息

蒙东褐煤占我国褐煤储量的83%,是蒙东地区的主要能源。低温热解技术条件温和、产品用途广、经济效益高,是加工蒙东褐煤的主要途径之一。但由于褐煤块煤率低、含水量高、热碎严重等特性以及现行环保产业政策持续趋紧,使褐煤低温热解工业化项目存在原料利用率低、生产连续性差、环保不达标等问题。本文介绍了目前蒙东地区应用的热解技术包括低阶煤转化技术(LCC)、连续干馏热解定位提质技术(LCP)、带式炉低温干馏技术、GF-1型褐煤提质技术、SJ低温干馏方炉热解技术和气-固错流热解技术,分析了各项技术的运行情况、优势和不足。通过对比各项技术在原料要求、传热方式、熄焦方式、能量利用率和产品性质等方面的特点,明确了各项热解技术的炉型选择、原料煤粒度和热解产品利用等方向,提出了蒙东褐煤热解技术在工业化应用过程中需实现原料优化、能量优化、产品多元化和废弃物资源化的发展要求。

关键词：褐煤热解工业应用能量优化生产多元化资源化