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Diagnostic technology:alternative sampling methods for collection of urine specimens in older adults

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2013年第2期1卷 43-49页

作者： KATRIEN LATOUR ANNETTE pLÜDDEMANN MATTHEW THOMpSON BOUDEWIJN CATRY christopher p price CARL HENEGHAN FRANK BUNTINX University of Leuven Belgium

Clinical Question Which sampling methods other than in-and-out catheterization or suprapubic aspiration can be used to collect valid uncontaminated urine specimens for microbiological culture in older adults?Background,Current practice and Advan-tages over Existing Technology Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are one of the most common bacterial infections in older *** increasing research into this infectious disease,substantial uncertainty still surrounds its *** tend to be less specific in frail elderly and difficulties with cognition or communication can further impair clinical evaluation[1,2].Consequently,physi-cians often resort to urinary analysis to support the diagnosis.

关键词： urine urinary resort

Exploring the molecular landscape of NNK-induced transformation:A comprehensive genome-wide CRISpR/Cas9 screening

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 42-44页

作者： Trang Dinh Mira Rahm Zhenghe Wang christopher McFarland Athar Khalil Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences Case WesternReserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,with an estimated 1.8 million deaths in 2020 alone.1 While several risk factors are associated with lung cancer,smoking remains the most significant environmental cause of the disease.1 One of the most potent carcinogens in tobacco smoke is 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK),which is produced from nicotine through a series of metabolic reactions.

关键词： CRISpR/Cas9 NNK lung

Acetabular cup size trends in total hip arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 39-44页

作者： Daniel patrick McKenna Alex price Timothy McAleese Darren Dahly paul McKenna May Cleary Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics University Hospital WaterfordWaterford X91 ER8EIreland Department of Epidemiology and public Health University College CorkCork T12 XF62Ireland

BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty(THA)is a common procedure for end stage *** learning curve for THA is complex and *** of the most difficult skills to master is acetabular *** wish to identify if experience in arthroplasty leads to preservation of more bone *** To investigate if increasing surgeon experience will predict an ever decreasing acetabular cup *** A retrospective case series of four attending orthopaedic surgeons was *** uncemented elective total hip arthroplasties since appointment were selected for *** size of acetabular cup used was noted and logistic regression was used to identify if a trend to smaller cups *** A total of 1614 subjects were included with a mean age of 64 *** cups were on average 0.18mm smaller per year(95%confidence interval-0.25 to-0.11,pp sizes to decrease 0.27 mm/year for surgeon A,0.02 mm/year for surgeon B,0.15 mm/year for surgeon C and 0.29 mm/year for surgeon *** of the four surgeons had a more pronounced trend to smaller cups for male subjects than their female *** We found increasing surgeon experience to be associated with an ever-decreasing acetabular cup *** acetabular cup size may act as a surrogate marker of surgical proficiency by virtue of decreased acetabular reaming.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Acetabulum Cup Learning

Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman Jason Lynch christopher E.Stevens christopher Munley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Majumdar pJames Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendrickson Deep Jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied physics program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIps)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIps,they can self-hybridize into E–ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIp crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–ps in 2D HOIps,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIp crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–p *** E–ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

Efficacy of adjuvant mitomycin-C and triamcinoloneimpregnated nasal packing for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 480-484页

作者： Sang Yoon Kim christopher B Chambers Jung Hyo Ahn Department of Ophthalmology Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalPusan National University School of MedicineResearch Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and TechnologyYangsanGyeongnam 50612Republic of Korea Department of Ophthalmology Harborview Medical CenterUniversity of Washington MedicineSeattleWashington 98109USA

●AIM:To compare the success rate and complications of adjuvant use of mitomycin C and triamcinoloneimpregnated biodegradable nasal packing(TABp)in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR).And to evaluate the efficacy of combining intraoperative mitomycin C and TABp for endoscopic DCR.●METHODS:A total of 198 eyes of 148 patients who underwent endoscopic DCR for acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction were retrospectively *** patients were randomly divided into three groups:Group A included patients treated without intraoperative mitomycin C but with TABp,Group B included patients treated without triamcinolone but with intraoperative mitomycin C and normal saline-impregnated nasal packing,and Group C included patients treated with intraoperative mitomycin C and TABp.●RESULTS:The results revealed no significant difference in the overall success rates between Groups A(86.8%)and B(89.2%;p=0.377).However,Group C(97.5%)showed a significantly higher overall success rate than Groups A and *** incidence of granulomas was significantly lower in group C(5%)than in Groups A(20.8%)and B(15.2%;p=0.009).Other complications,such as crust,synechiae,and revision surgery,did not differ significantly among the three groups.●CONCLUSION:The combination of intraoperative mitomycin C and TABp effectively prevents granulomas and enhances surgical success ***,there is no statistically significant difference observed between the use of mitomycin C or TABp alone.

关键词： dacryocystorhinostomy endoscopic mitomycin C triamcinolone biodegradable

Defining the association between the prolonged operative time and 90-day complications in patients undergoing radical cystectomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 429-436页

作者： peter Hanna Joseph Zabell Badrinath Konety christopher Warlick Department of Urology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Department of Urology Aswan UniversityAswanEgypt Department of Urology Rush UniversityChicagoILUSA

Objective:Radical cystectomy is a complex lengthy procedure associated with postoperative *** aimed to assess the operative time(OT)in patients undergoing radical cystectomy and its impact on 90-day postoperative complications and readmission ***:The retrospective cohort study included 296 patients undergoing radical cystectomy and urinary diversion from May 2010 to December 2018 in our *** OT of 369 min was set as a cutoff value between short and long OT *** primary outcome was 90-day postoperative complication *** outcomes were gastrointestinal recovery time,length of hospital stay,and 90-day readmission ***:The overall incidence of 90-day postoperative complications was 79.7%where 43.2%representing low-grade complications according to the ClavieneDindo classification(Grade 1 and Grade 2),and 36.5%representing high-grade complications(Grade3).Gastrointestinal tract and infectious complications are the most common complications in our data set(45.9%and 45.6%,respectively).On multivariable analysis,prolonged OT was significantly associated with odds of high-grade complications(odds ratio 2.340,95%confidence interval 1.288e4.250,p=0.005).After propensity score-matched analysis,a higher incidence of major complications was identified in the long OT group 55(51.4%)compared to 35(32.7%)in the short OT group(p=0.006).A shorter gastrointestinal tract recovery time was noticed in the short OT group(p=0.009).prolonged OT was associated with a higher 90-day readmission rate on univariate and multivariate analyses(pp=0.001,respectively).

关键词： Radicalcystectomy Operativetime Complication Readmission

prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark Dixon Timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir John potter christopher I price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOpIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

phosphorus limitation on CO_(2)fertilization effect in tropical forests informed by a coupled biogeochemical model

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 502-515页

作者： Zhuonan Wang Hanqin Tian Shufen pan Hao Shi Jia Yang Naishen Liang Latif Kalin christopher Anderson Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and SocietyBoston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Department of Engineering Boston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Center for Global Environmental Research(CGER) National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES)TsukubaIbaraki305-8506Japan College of Forestry Wildlife and EnvironmentAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA

Tropical forests store more than half of the world's terrestrial carbon(C)pool and account for one-third of global net primary productivity(Npp).Many terrestrial biosphere models(TBMs)estimate increased productivity in tropical forests throughout the 21st century due to CO_(2)***,phosphorus(p)liaitations on vegetation photosynthesis and productivity could significantly reduce the CO_(2)fertilization ***,we used a carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus coupled model(Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model;DLEM-CNp)with heterogeneous maximum carboxylation rates to examine how p limitation has affected C fluxes in tropical forests *** model results showed that the inclusion of the p processes enhanced model performance in simulating ecosystem *** further compared the simulations from DLEM-CNp,DLEM-CN,and DLEMC and the results showed that the inclusion of p processes reduced the CO_(2)fertilization effect on gross primary production(Gpp)by 25%and 45%,and net ecosystem production(NEp)by 28%and 41%,respectively,relative to CN-only and C-on ly *** the 1860s to the 2010s,the DLEM-CNp estimated that in tropical forests Gpp increased by 17%,plant respiration(Ra)increased by 18%,ecosystem respiration(Rh)increased by 13%,NEp increased by 121%per unit area,***,factorial experiments with DLEM-CNp showed that the enhanced Npp benefiting from the CO_(2) fertilization effect had been offset by 135%due to deforestation from the 1860s to the *** study highlights the importance of p limitation on the C cycle and the weakened CO_(2)fertilization effect resulting from p limitation in tropical forests.

关键词： Tropical forests Carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus model phosphorus limitation CO_(2)fertilization effect Terrestfial ecosy stem model

Near-infrared double-cable conjugated polymers based on alkyl linkers with tunable length for single-component organic solar cells

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 452-456页

作者： Yikun Wang Qiaomei Chen Shijie Liang Dongdong Xia Chaowei Zhao christopher R.McNeill Weiwei Li Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering&State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Institute of Applied Chemistry Jiangxi Academy of SciencesNanchang 330096China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria 3800Australia

The photovoltaic properties of double-cable conjugated polymers are significantly influenced by the length of the alkyl linkers that connect donor backbones and acceptor side units. In this study, a series of 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile(IC)-based double-cable polymers with alkyl linkers ranging from C_8H_(16)to C_(16)H_(32)(px, x = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) were synthesized for single-component organic solar cells(SCOSCs). Among these, the linker length x = 12(p12) is found to optimize the power conversion efficiencies(pCEs) in SCOSCs. Specifically, pCEs increase from p8 to p12 and then decline from p12to p16. Detailed investigations of optical absorption, charge transport, and morphology provide insights into the underlying factors contributing to these pCE variations. The findings indicate that the exceptional photovoltaic properties observed in p12 can be attributed to three key factors: A delicate balance between enhanced charge separation facilitated by the increased spacer length and reduced crystallinity resulting from longer spacers, higher charge mobilities, and well-balanced hole/electron transport characteristics. This study highlights the critical role of linker length in determining the photovoltaic properties of double-cable conjugated polymer-based SCOSCs and offers valuable guidance for the design of novel double-cable conjugated polymers.

关键词： Single-component organic solar cells Double-cable conjugated polymers photovoltaic properties Alkyl linkers