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被推崇为“良法”的康熙、雍正诸条例——劝与惩的导向及其精神

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河北法学 2019年第11期37卷 26-36页

作者：霍存福程令政吉林大学法学院

《清史稿·刑法志》的作者许受衡,在评价清代法律形式之一的"例"时,一口气说了清代的6类7种"良法"。它们出现于多个领域,既有正面的"教""劝",又有反面的"惩""杜",是许受衡所认为的体现清代盛世气象的"良法"。这里的总体精神是在劝与惩之... 详细信息

《清史稿·刑法志》的作者许受衡,在评价清代法律形式之一的"例"时,一口气说了清代的6类7种"良法"。它们出现于多个领域,既有正面的"教""劝",又有反面的"惩""杜",是许受衡所认为的体现清代盛世气象的"良法"。这里的总体精神是在劝与惩之间,作者是既嘉其宽,又赏其严。许受衡以"隐合古义"和"矫正前失"为判定制度优秀与否的两个标准。前者被理解为是"复古",后者被理解为是"矫弊",两者同被认为是有所进步、有所创新的两大领域。最终体现的,是或严、或宽。严、宽之间,宽有宽的道理,严有严的考虑。在许受衡关于清代法律的总体评价里,我们能体味到的是作者对这些制度、这些措置,以及在这背后的观念、意识、精神的自信,而丝毫看不出这是在大清帝国已经覆灭之后关于末世之法的一种回顾。这是一种制度的自信,是中国人对其良法美意的肯定。

关键词：许受衡制度自信《清史稿·刑法志》良法文化自信

Clinical analysis of multiple primary gastrointestinal malignant tumors:A 10-year case review of a single-center

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1204-1212页

作者： cheng-Lou Zhu ling-Zhi Peng The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina Department of Surgical Oncology Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant tumors(MPMTs)was first described by Billroth as early as 1889,with the first report published by Warren and Gates in 1932.Since then,numerous cases have been reported.A literature review of 1104269 patients with cancer revealed that the incidence of MPMTs ranged from 0.73 to 11.7%.In recent years,however,there has been a significant upward trend in the incidence of this phenomenon,which may be associated with many different factors,including the advancement of modern diagnostic procedures facilitating the examination and diagnosis of more MPMTs,increased exposure to chemotherapy and radiotherapy that exacerbate the risk of new malignant tumors in patients with cancer,and prolonged survival of patients with cancer allowing sufficient time for the development of new primary cancers.AIM To analyze the incidence,clinical features,treatment factors,prevalence,and prognosis of patients with MPMTs in the gastrointestinal tract treated in a single center.Additionally,we analyzed the different tumor combinations,time interval between the occurrence of tumors,and staging.METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed 8059 patients with pathologically confirmed gastrointestinal malignant tumors treated at the Gansu Province Hospital in Lanzhou,Gansu,China between June 2011 and June 2020.Of these,85 patients had MPMTs.The clinical features,treatment factors,prevalence,and prognosis of this latter cohort were analyzed.RESULTS The incidence of MPMTs in patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors was 1.05%(85/8059),including 83 double primary malignant tumors and two triple primary malignant tumors of which 57(67.06%)were synchronous MPMTs(SMPMTs)and 28(32.94%)were metachronous MPMTs(MMPMTs).The most frequent associations were found between the rectum colon cancers within the SMPMT category and the gastric-colon cancers within the MMPMT category.For the MMPMTs,the median interval was 53 months.The overall 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates from diagnosis of the first primary cancer were 9

关键词： Multiple primary malignant tumors Clinical characteristics Gastrointestinal tract Prognosis Epidemiology

Towards a multi-agent reinforcement learning approach for joint sensing and sharing in cognitive radio networks

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2023年第1期4卷 50-75页

作者： Kagiso Rapetswa ling cheng School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg 0001South Africa

The adoption of the Fifth Generation(5G)and beyond 5G networks is driving the demand for learning approaches that enable users to co-exist harmoniously in a multi-user distributed environment.Although resource-constrained,the Cognitive Radio(CR)has been identified as a key enabler of distributed 5G and beyond networks due to its cognitive abilities and ability to access idle spectrum opportunistically.Reinforcement learning is well suited to meet the demand for learning in 5G and beyond 5G networks because it does not require the learning agent to have prior information about the environment in which it operates.Intuitively,CRs should be enabled to implement reinforcement learning to efficiently gain opportunistic access to spectrum and co-exist with each other.However,the application of reinforcement learning is straightforward in a single-agent environment and complex and resource intensive in a multi-agent and multi-objective learning environment.In this paper,(1)we present a brief history and overview of reinforcement learning and its limitations;(2)we provide a review of recent multi-agent learning methods proposed and multi-agent learning algorithms applied in Cognitive Radio(CR)networks;and(3)we further present a novel framework for multi-CR reinforcement learning and conclude with a synopsis of future research directions and recommendations.

关键词： cognitive radio multi-agent reinforcement learning deep reinforcement learning mean field reinforcement learning organic computing

Exogenous insulin autoimmune syndrome:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第9期12卷 1691-1697页

作者： ling-ling Xu Jia-Xin Chen Jing-Ping cheng Ni Luo Medical College School of MedicineWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430065Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Gerontology CR&WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430080Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Insulin autoimmune syndrome(IAS)is a severe manifestation of spontaneous hypoglycemia.It is characterized by elevated levels of immune-reactive insulin and highly potent insulin autoantibodies(IAAs),which are induced by endogenous insulin circulating in the bloodstream.It is distinguished by recurring instances of spontaneous hypoglycemia,the presence of IAA within the body,a substantial elevation in serum insulin levels,and an absence of prior exogenous insulin administration.Nevertheless,recent studies show that both conventional insulin and its analogs can induce IAS episodes,giving rise to the notion of nonclassical IAS.Therefore,more attention should be paid to these diseases.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,we present a rare case of non-classical IAS in an 83-year-old male patient who present with symptoms of a psychiatric disorder.Upon symptom onset,the patient exhibited Whipple's triad(including hypoglycemia,blood glucose level less than 2.8 mmol/L during onset,and rapid relief of hypoglycemic symptoms after glucose administration).Concurrently,his serum insulin level was significantly elevated,which contradicted his C-peptide levels.After a comprehensive examination,the patient was diagnosed with exogenous insulin autoimmune syndrome.Considering that the patient had type 2 diabetes mellitus and a history of exogenous insulin use before disease onset,it was presumed that non classical IAS was induced by this condition.The PubMed database was used to search for previous cases of IAS and non-classical IAS to analyze their characteristics and treatment approaches.CONCLUSION The occurrence of non-classical IAS is associated with exogenous insulin or its analogs,as well as with sulfhydryl drugs.Symptoms can be effectively alleviated through the discontinuation of relevant medications,administration of hormones or immunosuppressants,plasma exchange,and lifestyle adjustments.

关键词： Insulin autoimmune syndrome Type 2 diabetes Exogenous insulin Insulin autoantibodies Hypoglycemia Case report

Improved stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills following transforming lignans of herpeto- spermum caudigerum into nanosuspensions

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2018年第1期16卷 70-80页

作者： LI Juan-Juan CHENG Ling SHEN Gang QIU ling SHEN cheng-Ying ZHENG Juan XU Rong YUAN Hai-Long Department of Pharmacy Air Force General Hospital of PLA Beijing 100142 China Department of Pharmacy Guangyuan Central Hospital Guanyuan 628000 China Department of Pharmacy Shuangliu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital Chengdu 610075 China chengdu Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine Chengdu 610045 China

The present study was designed to improve storage stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills(GNDP) by transforming lignans of Herpetospermum caudigerum(HL) composed of herpetrione(HPE) and herpetin(HPN) into nanosuspension(HL-NS), the main active ingredient of GNDP, HL-NS was prepared by high pressure homogenization and lyophilized to transform into solid nanoparticles(HL nanoparticles), and then the formulated HL nanoparticles were perfused into matrix to obtain NS-GNDP by melting method. For a period of 3 months, the content uniformity, storage stability and pharmacokinetics test in vivo of NS-GNDP were evaluated and compared with regular GNDP at room temperature. The results demonstrated that uniformity of dosage units of NS-GNDP was acceptable according to the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 J. Physical stability of NS-GNDP was investigated systemically using photon correlation spectroscopy(PCS), zeta potential measurement, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). There was a slight increase in particles and PI of HL-NS re-dispersed from NS-GNDP after storage for 3 months, compared with new formulated NS-GNDP, which indicated a good redispersibility of the NS-GNDP containing HL-NS after storage. Besides, chemical stability of NS-GNDP was studied and the results revealed that HPE and HPN degradation was less when compared with that of GNDP, providing more than 99% of drug residue after storage for 3 months. In the dissolution test in vitro, NS-GNDP remarkably exhibited an increased dissolution velocity compared with GNDP and no distinct dissolution difference existed within 3 months. The pharmacokinetic study showed that HPE and HPN in NS-GNDP exhibited a significant increase in AUC0–t, Cmax and decrease in Tmax when compared with regular GNDP. These results indicated that NS-GNDP possessed superiority with improved storage stability and increased dissolution rate and oral bioavailability.

关键词： Ganneng dropping pills Lignans Herpetospermum caudigerum Nanosuspensions Stability Oral bioavailability

Impact of depth ratio on flow structure and turbulence characteristics of compound open channel flows

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Water Science and Engineering 2022年第3期15卷 265-272页

作者： Shao-wei Ding cheng Zeng Jie Zhou ling-ling Wang Chen Chen College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China

Compound open channel flows appear in most natural rivers are of great importance in river management and flood control.In this study,large eddy simulations were carried out to simulate the compound open channel flows with four different depth ratios(hr=0.10,0.25,0.50,and 0.75).The main flow velocity,secondary flow,Reynolds stress,and bed shear stress were obtained from numerical simulations.The depth-averaged stream wise momentum equation was used to quantify the lateral momentum exchange between the main channel and floodplain.The instantaneous coherent structures were presented by the Q criterion method.The impact of hr on flow structure and turbulence charac-teristics was analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of hr,the high velocity area in the main channel shifted to the floodplain,and the dip phenomenon became more obvious;the Reynolds stress largely contributed to the lateral momentum exchange within the flows near the side walls of floodplain;and the vortex structures were found to significantly increase in the floodplain region.

关键词： Large eddy simulation Compound open channel Depth ratio Flow structure Turbulence characteristics

Effect of Vacuum Pressure on the Initiation and Propagation of Pitting Corrosion of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Concentrated Seawater

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第6期35卷 1023-1033页

作者： Yong Yang Xue-ling Hou Mou-cheng Li Institute of Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China

Pitting initiation and stable propagation behaviors of 2205 duplex stainless steel were investigated in the hot concentrated seawater under vacuum pressures by potentiostatic polarization. Both applied potentials and vacuum pressures greatly influence the pitting corrosion. Higher potentials lead to much faster stable pitting initiation and growth rates in both static(101.3 kPa) and dynamic(28.4 kPa) solutions. The pressure reduction can also accelerate the pitting initiation rate. However, the boiling of solution can influence the pitting propagation mechanism. The dynamic actions of boiling bubbles are unfavorable to the pit propagation and result in the formation of relatively smooth pit bottom without secondary pits.

关键词： Duplex stainless steel Stable pitting Vacuum pressure Hot concentrated seawater Potentiostatic polarization

Numerical investigation on interaction between regular waves and a fully submerged horizontal cylinder

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2023年第6期35卷 1101-1118页

作者： cheng Zeng Yu-die Hu Yu-ran Yin Jie Zhou ling-ling Wang College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China China Water Resources Bei Fang Investigation Design and Research Co.LtdTianjin300222China College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing211100China

This paper presents a 2-D numerical investigation on interaction between regular waves and a fully submerged horizontal cylinder.A mathematical model of numerical wave tank with two-way fluid-solid interactions were developed and validated.The wave-induced vibrations of a single-degree-of-freedom cylinder were simulated at eleven gap ratios(d/a=8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,28 and 32).Numerical results indicate that significant nonlinear characteristics are introduced into the originally linear waves with the presence of cylinder.Based on the variation characteristics of cylinder vibration amplitude,the gap ratios can be divided into three ranges,i.e.,the uncertain range(8≤d/a≤14),quasi-linear range(14≤d/a≤20)and linear range(20≤d/a≤32).Under the same wave condition,the gap ratio does not affect the frequencies of vortex shedding and cylinder vibration.The presence of the cylinder complicates the flow field and suppress the vortex shedding around the cylinder.

关键词： Numerical simulation linear wave wave-induced vibration gap ratio flow pattern

Challenging anticoagulation therapy for multiple primary malignant tumors combined with thrombosis:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第9期12卷 1704-1711页

作者： Jia-Xin Chen ling-ling Xu Jing-Ping cheng Xun-Hua Xu Department of Gerontology China Resources and Wisco General HospitalWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430080Hubei ProvinceChina Medical College Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430065Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Gerontology China Resources and Wisco General HospitalWuhan 430080Hubei ProvinceChina Department of Radiology China Resources and Wisco General HospitalWuhan 430080Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism significantly contributes to patient deterioration and mortality.Management of its etiology and anticoagulation treatment is intricate,necessitating a comprehensive consideration of various factors,including the bleeding risk,dosage,specific anticoagulant medications,and duration of therapy.Herein,a case of lower extremity thrombosis with multiple primary malignant tumors and high risk of bleeding was reviewed to summarize the shortcomings of treatment and prudent anticoagulation experience.CASE SUMMARY An 83-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to a 2-wk history of left lower extremity edema that had worsened over 2 d.Considering her medical history and relevant post-admission investigations,it was determined that the development of left lower extremity venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in this case could be attributed to a combination of factors,including multiple primary malignant tumors,iliac venous compression syndrome,previous novel coronavirus infection,and inadequate treatment for prior thrombotic events.However,the selection of appropriate anticoagulant medications,determination of optimal drug dosages,and establishment of an appropriate duration of anticoagulation therapy were important because of concurrent thrombocytopenia,decreased quantitative fibrinogen levels,and renal insufficiency.CONCLUSION Anticoagulant prophylaxis should be promptly initiated in cases of high-risk thrombosis.Individualized anticoagulation therapy is required for complex thrombosis.

关键词： Venous thromboembolism Cancer-associated thrombosis Anticoagulation therapy iliac vein compression syndrome COVID-19 Thrombocytopenia Case report