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Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of sources of porcelain body of Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelains

Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第4期49卷 411-420页

作者： LI Guoxia1, ZHAO Weijuan1, LI Rongwu2. SUN Hongwei1, GUO Min1, WANG Yanfang1, LIU Hui1, ZHAO Qingyun3, SUN Xinmin3, ZHAO Wenjun3 & cheng Huansheng4.1. Faculty of Physical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 4.0052. china 2. Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 3. institute of Cultural Relic and Archaeology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 4.0000, china 4. institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 2.04.3, china Faculty of Physical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China institute of Cultural Relic Archaeology of Henan Province Zhengzhou 450000 China institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

34.samples of Ru Guan porcelain body and 50 samples of Jun Guan porcelain body (both kinds being in different body colors) were selected with the purpose of finding out the source of raw materials and their classification relationship so as to search for ways of non-destructive discrimination. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) has been applied to these samples to determine their chemical elements. The data of seven major chemical elements collected from these samples were further studied through fuzzy cluster analysis. Results indicate that the origin of raw materials of Jun Guan porcelain body samples is comparatively more concentrated in certain places, while that of Ru Guan porcelain body samples is scattered about. The places of origin of raw materials of the majority of Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelain body samples have something in common, but some differences still exist. It might be an important way for non-destructive discrimination among Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelains by combining PIXE with fuzzy cluster analysis.

关键词： Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelain, source of porcelain body, PIXE, fuzzy cluster analysis, non-destructive discrimination.

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Absolute radiometric calibration of CBERS-02.IRMSS thermal band

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 72-90页

作者： ZHANG Yong1,2.3, GU Xingfa1,3,4. YU Tao1,3, ZHANG Yuxiang5, CHEN Liangfu1,3, LI Xiaoying1,2.3, LI Xiaowen1,3 & HE Liming6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing {2., china 3. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, Beijing 100101, china 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84.14.Avignon, France 5. National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, china 6. State Environmental Protection administration, Beijing 10002., china Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Ctr Natl Spaceborne Demonstrat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China INRA F-84914 Avignon France Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China State Environm Protect Adm Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Based on the laboratory calibration before launch of CBERS-02.IRMSS thermal infrared channel, the onboard blackbody calibration, the radiometric cross- calibration against TERRA MODIS corresponding channel and the in-flight field calibration at Lake Qinghai: water surface radiometric calibration test site of china on Aug. 17, 2.04.are carried out in this research. When making onboard blackbody calibration of CBERS-02.IRMSS, it is necessary to understand inside structures and light path in IRMSS camera and receive and process calibration blackbody signals at normal and high temperatures. Onboard blackbody calibration results of each detector are very important to relative radiometric calibration of images processing and absolute radiometric calibration of each detector. In-flight field calibration mainly contains field experiments, obtaining synchronous images, spectrum marching and MODTRAN radiative transmi- ssion computation. Radiometric cross-calibration of CBERS-02.IRMSS thermal band against TERRA MODIS selected 6 times synchronous images of two sensors passing through Lake Qinghai and Lake Taihu from August to December, 2.04.to compute the cross calibration data. Combining the in-flight field calibration and radiometric cross calibration data, the absolute radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated by the linear regression method. This new calibration model can obviously control the radiometric calibration uncertainties aroused by the single point method used in the in-flight calibration of CBERS-02.IRMSS, this kind of sensors cannot receive the cosmic background radiation. In this research, the radiometric calibration coefficients obtained through the linear regression model are 8.53 (gain, unit: DN/W m?2.r?1μm?1) and 4..92.(offset, unit: DN).

关键词： CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band in-flight field calibration onboard blackbody calibration cross calibration.

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Dynamic mechanisms of the post-seismic deformation following large events:Case study of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan of china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第11期52卷 1813-1824页

作者： ZHU ShouBiao1,2.& CAI YongEn2.1 institute of Crustal Dynamics,{2. Earthquake {4., Beijing 100085,{2. 2.Department of Geophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871,{2. 1. institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100085 China 2. Department of Geophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The mechanism of postseismic deformation related to strong earthquakes is important in geodynamics, and presumably afterslip or viscoelastic relaxation is responsible for the postsesimic deformation. The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan of china, earthquake occurred in the region where GPS observation station is most densely deployed in the world. The unprecedented GPS data provides a unique opportunity to study the physical processes of postseismic deformation. Here we assume that the interactions of viscoelastic relaxation, afterslip, fault zone collapse, poroelastic rebound, flow of underground fluids, and all these combined contribute to the surface displacements following the main shock. In order to know the essence of the postseismic deformation after the strong event, fault zone collapse, poroelastic rebound, flow of underground fluids, and so on, are represented equivalently by the variations of the focal medium properties. Therefore, the viscoelastic relaxation, afterslip, and the variations of the equivalent focal medium properties are inverted by applying the GPS temporal series measurement data with viscoelastic finite element method. Both the afterslip rate distribution along the fault and the afterslip evolution with time are obtained by means of inversion. Also, the preliminary result suggests that viscosities of the lower crust and the upper mantle in Taiwan region is 2.7×1018 and 4.2.102. Pa·s, respectively. Moreover, the inversion results indicate that the afterslip contributing to postseismic deformation of 4..6% in 4.0 days after the Chi-Chi earthquake, with 34.7% caused by the viscous relaxation and 2..7% by other factors such as fault zone collapse, poroelastic rebound, and the flow of liquids.

关键词： mechanism of postseismic deformation viscoelastic finite element method GPS temporal series data Chi-Chi earthquake

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Nd isotope as the tracer of seawater evolution of early Miocene in the eastern Pacific Ocean

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第B06期48卷 106-110页

作者： LIU Jihua~(1,2.3), CHEN Lirong~1, WANG Yingxi~4.& HAN Jianxiu~5 1. institute of Oceanology, Chinese Acadcmy of ences, Qingdao 2.6071. china 2. Key Lab of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental {2., First institute of Oceanograpgy, State Oceanic administration, Qingdao 2.6061. china 3. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039. china 4. Modern Analysis Center, Nanjing University. Nanjing 2.0093. china 5. Guangzhou Marine Investigation Bureau, Guangzhou 510760. china 1. institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 266071 Qingdao China 2. Key Lab of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental geology First Institute of Oceanograpgy State Oceanic Administration 266061 Qingdao China 3. Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 4. Modern Analysis Center Nanjing University 210093 Nanjing China 5. Guangzhou Marine Investigation Bureau 510760 Guangzhou China

Fifty-six samples of nannofossil ooze were collected from Core PC5794.in the northern equatorial Pacific at 5 cm intervals. With the methods of mass spectrometer (VG354. and ICP, the Nd isotopic compositions (εNd(t)), Mn contents and Mg/Sr ratios of carbonate phase have been analyzed. CaCO3 contents of bulk sediments were obtained by dissolution of 0.5 mol/L HCl. Based on these data, the high-resolution εNd(t) profile of seawater in early Miocene with core depth(or time) have been established. The values of εNd(t) range from -6.2.to -2.97 and 4.fluctuation cycles existed during 2..06-2..02.Ma. 4.low εNd(t) values (about -6.4. correspond to high CaCO3 contents, which implicates that there were 4.cold epochs or 4.times of Antarctic Bottom Water activity. They occurred at the time of 2..06 Ma, 2..85 Ma,2..88 Ma and 2..2. Ma, respectively. High εNd(t) values correspond to the high Mn contents and high values of Mg/Sr ratio, which indicates the existence of 4.intense hydrothermal activity periods during 2..06-2. Ma, the durations of them are 4.05-2..98 Ma, 2..69-2..15 Ma, 2..74.2..37 Ma and 2..06-2..02.Ma, respectively.

关键词：同位素钕示踪原子海水演化中新世太平洋微化石分光计持续期海水样品

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Improvement of different source function expressions in SWAN model for the Bohai Sea

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第8期15卷 720-724页

作者： YIN Baoshu1*, YANG Dezhou1, SHA Rina 1,2.and cheng Minghua1(1. institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 2.6071,{2. 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039,{2.) institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

The simulating wave nearshore （SWAN） wave model has been widely used in coastal areas, lakes and estuaries. However, we found a poor agreement between modeling results and measurements in analyzing the chosen four typical cases when we used the default parameters of the source function formulas of the SWAN to make wave simulation for the Bohai Sea. Also, it was found that at the same wind process the simulated results of two wind generation expressions （Komen, Janssen） demonstrated a large difference. Further study showed that the proportionality coefficient α in linear growth term of wave growth source function plays an unperceived role in the process of wave development. Based on experiments and analysis, we thought that the coefficient α should change rather than be a constant. Therefore, the coefficient α changing with the variation of friction velocity U*was introduced into the linear growth term of wave growth source function. Four weather processes were adopted to validate the improvement in the linear growth term. The results from the improved coefficient α agree much better with the measurements than those from the default constant coefficient α. Furthermore, the large differences of results between Komen wind generation expression and Janssen wind generation expression were eliminated. We also experimented with the four weather processes to test the new white-capping mechanisms based on the cumulative steepness method. It was found that the parameters of the new white-capping mechanisms are not suitable for the Bohai Sea, but Alkyon's white-capping mechanisms can be applicable to the Bohai Sea after amendments, demonstrating that this improvement of parameter α can improve the simulated results of the Bohai Sea.

关键词： waves SWAN model wave growth source function new proportionality coefficient formula.

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Sporopollen analysis of Core B10 in the southern Yellow Sea and the reflected characteristics of climate changes

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第B06期48卷 42-48页

作者： FU Mingzuo~(1,2.3), LI Zhen~1, XU Xiaowei~1 & SHl Xuefa~1 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental geology, First institute of Oceanography. State Oceanic {2., Qingdao 2.6061. china 2. institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 2.6071. china 3. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039. china 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental geology First institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration 266061 Qingdao China 2. institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 266071 Qingdao China 3. Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China

Eight sporopollen zones have been divided based on the results of high-resolution sporopollen analysis of Core B10 in the southern Yellow Sea. Based on the results along with ^14. datings and the subbottom profiling data,climatic and environmental changes since the last stage of late Pleistocene are discussed. The main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the vegetation evolved in the process of coniferous forest-grassland containing broad-leaved trees→coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest→coniferons and broad-leaved mixed forest-grassland prevailed by coniferous trees→coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest-grassland containing evergreen broad-leaved trees→coniferons and broad-leaved mixed forest-grassland prevailed by broadleaved trees→deciduous broad-leaved forest-meadow containing evergreen broad-leaved trees→coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest-grassland prevailed by broad-leaved trees→coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest containing evergreen broad-leaved trees; (2. eight stages of climate changes are identified as the cold and dry stage, the temperate and wet stage, the cold and dry stage, the warm and dry stage, the temperate and wet stage, the hot and dry stage, the temperate and dry stage, then the warm and dry stage in turn; (3) the sedimentary environment developed from land,to littoral zone, to land again, then to shore-neritic zone; and (4. the Yellow Sea Warm Current formed during early-Holocene rather than Atlantic stage.

关键词：中国黄海气候变化碳14.代测定底基压型数据更新世沉积环境大西洋

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A suspended sediment satellite sensing algorithm based on gradient transiting from water-leaving to satellite-detected reflectance spectrum

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第10期45卷 925-931页

作者： LI Yan & LI Jing1. Second institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic administration, Hangzhou 310012.{2. 2. institute of Remote Sensing Technology and Application, Peking University, Beijing 100871,{2. Second institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou China institute of Remote Sensing Technology and Application Peking University Beijing China

In order to remove the fluctuating atmospheric effects from the Case 2.water, an algorithm for retrieval of suspended sediment concentration from NOAA weather satellite imagery was developed under a new approach. This model is based on the linear response from water-leaving to satellite-detected reflectance spectra, simply reflected by the gradient for correlation curve between reflectance of the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) channels 1 (R1, 580-680 nm) and 2.(R2. 72.-1 100 nm). Proportional factor for this gradient transiting, mathematically represented as (td2.td1) (toz2.toz1), depends on a ratio of atmospheric transmittance for such two channels, including ozone and diffuse transmittance. As a simple but efficient algorithm of gradient, the algorithm of αR1-R2.is selected to retrieve gradient a and then sea surface suspendend sediment concentration.

关键词： marine remote sensing suspended sediment atmospheric effect removal gradient transit AVHRR.

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General inverse of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Molodensky formulae

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 499-504页

作者： cheng Luying1,2.& XU Houze1 1. institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 4.0077,{2. 2. Xi’an Research institute of Surveying and Mapping, Xi’an 710054.{2. 1. institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China 2. Xi’an Research institute of Surveying and Mapping Xi’an 710054 China

The operator operations between the disturbing potential and the geoidal undulation, the gravity anomaly, the deflection of the vertical are defined based on the relations among the gravity potential, the normal gravity potential and the disturbing potential. With the sphere as the boundary surface, based on the solution of the external boundary value problem for the disturbing potential by the spherical harmonics in the physical geodesy, the general inverse Stokes’ formula, the general inverse Vening-Meinesz formula and the general Molodensky’s formula are derived from the operator operations defined. The general formulae can get rid of the restriction of the classical formulae only used on the geoid. If the boundary surface is defined as the geoid, the general formulas are degen- erated into the classic ones.

关键词： spherical harmonics, boundary value problem, general inverse Stokes' formula, general inverse Vening-Meinesz formula, general Molodensky's formula.

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Forcing mechanism of the Pleistocene east Asian monsoon variations in a phase perspective

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1708-1717页

作者： TIAN Jun1,2. WANG Pinxian1, cheng Xinrong1, WANG Rujian1 & SUN Xiangjun1,3 1. State Key Laboratory of Marine geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 2.0092.{2. 2. institute of geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002.,{2. 3. institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093,{2. State Key Laboratory of Marine geology Tongji University Shanghai china institute of geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing{2. institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing china

The deep sea records from the ODP Sites 114. and 114. in the northern and southern South china Sea (SCS), including foraminiferal δ 18O and δ 13C, Opal% and pollen percentage, reveal that the variations of the east Asian monsoon have been closely correlated with the variations of the Earth’s orbital parameters (eccentricity, obliquity and precession) and the global ice volume on orbital scale. All the monsoonal proxies show strong 100 ka, 4. ka and 2. ka cycles. Although G. ruber δ 13C of Site 114. is coherent with the ETP (ETP= normalized (eccentricity + obliquity-precession) at eccentricity, obliquity and precession bands, most of the coherent relationship focuses on the precession band, and the other monsoonal proxies are coherent with the ETP only at the precession band, which indicate that precession dominates the Pleistocene tropical climate changes. The phase relationship of the monsoonal proxies with the foraminiferal δ 18O implies that the global ice volume changes have played a significant role in modulating the east Asian monsoon climate, at least dominating the winter monsoon. This forcing mechanism of the east Asian monsoon is apparently different from that of the Indian ocean mon-soon. The variations of the east Asian monsoon at the precession band, at least that of the winter monsoon, have been controlled not only by the sensible heating but also by the latent heating of the surface water in the South china Sea.

关键词： South china Sea, ODP, east Asian monsoon, orbital forcing, global ice volume.

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Bubble size distribution in surface wave breaking entraining process

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第11期50卷 1754-1760页

作者： HAN Lei1,2.& YUAN YeLi2.1 Department of Ocean Environment, Ocean University of china, Qingdao 2.6003, china 2.The First institute of Oceanography, State Ocean administration, Qingdao 2.6061, china 1. Department of Ocean Environment Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China 2. The First institute of Oceanography State Ocean Administration Qingdao 266061 China

From the similarity theorem, an expression of bubble population is derived as a function of the air en-trainment rate, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) spectrum density and the surface tension. The bubble size spectrum that we obtain has a dependence of a?2.5+nd on the bubble radius, in which nd is positive and dependent on the form of TKE spectrum within the viscous dissipation range. To relate the bubble population with wave parameters, an expression about the air entrainment rate is deduced by intro-ducing two statistical relations to wave breaking. The bubble population vertical distribution is also derived, based on two assumptions from two typical observation results.

关键词： wave breaking,bubble cloud,bubble size spectrum

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