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Redevelopment of liftoff rates of saltating sand grains based on a simple optimization model

Science China earth Sciences 2010年第4期53卷 568-574页

作者： cheng hong & zou xueyong state key laboratory of earth surface processes and resource ecology,beijing normal university,beijing 100875,China MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control,beijing normal university,beijing 100875,China key laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of the Ministry of Education of China,beijing normal university,beijing 100875,China 1. state key laboratory of earth {4. {4. and resource ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China2. MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China3. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of the Ministry of Education of China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

This paper is a redevelopment result of liftoff rates of saltating sand grains based on our previous *** sand flow is a complex multi-phase flow because of a special two-phase gas-solid flow near ground *** extensive research on the movement of blowing sand,no model fully characterizes aeolian sand flow,and large differences often exist between simulations of aeolian sand movement and field *** key problem is a few of sufficient research on liftoff rates of saltating sand grains(also called the number of liftoff sand grains per unit time and per unit bed area).It is necessary to re-search in advance liftoff rates of saltating sand *** redeveloped liftoff rates of saltating sand grains by establishing an optimization model based on the flux of aeolian sand flow at different heights of the sampler in wind tunnel and the simulated capture of saltating sand grains by different heights of the sampler that are from different liftoff position(distance from the sampler) in order to revise previous inversion condition of liftoff rates of saltating sand *** rates increased rapidly with increasing wind *** frictional wind velocities of u=0.67,0.77,0.82,0.83,and 0.87 m s-1,liftoff rates were 384.,954.02,5235114.54.94.7,and 7696291 sand grain s-1 m-2,*** rates could be expressed as the square of the instantaneous frictional wind velocity and a constant(0.663) that differs from the critical(threshold) frictional wind velocity at which saltation *** our results require additional experimental validation and the simple optimization model must be improved,they nonetheless provide a strong basis for future research.

关键词： liftoff rates of saltating sand grains optimization model wind tunnel two-phase gas-solid flow

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Cogitation on developing a dynamic model of soil wind erosion

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Science China earth Sciences 2015年第3期58卷 462-473页

作者： zou xueyong ZHANG ChunLai cheng hong KANG LiQiang WU YongQiu state key laboratory of earth {4. {4. and resource ecology MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand ControlBeijing Normal University

Studies on soil wind erosion began with single factors affecting soil wind erosion; with increasing quantities of data being accumulated,the wind erosion equation(WEQ),the revised wind erosion equation(RWEQ),the wind erosion prediction system(WEPS),and other soil wind erosion models have been successively established,and great advances have been *** we briefly review the soil wind erosion research course and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the current soil wind erosion *** the perspective of the dynamics of wind erosion,we classified the factors affecting soil wind erosion into three categories,namely,wind erosivity factors(WEF),soil antierodibility factors(SAF),and roughness interference factors(RIF).We proposed the concept of a standard plot of soil wind erosion to solve the problem of uncertainty of the soil wind erosion modulus on a spatial scale,and provided methods to set similarity conditions in wind tunnel simulation experiments and to convert the spatial scale of the wind erosion modulus from the standard plot to a large scale *** also proposed a conceptual model on the basis of the dynamics of soil wind erosion with the theoretical basis that wind produces a shear force on the soil *** shear force is partitioned by barely erodible soil surfaces and roughness elements on the ground,and the amount of soil loss by wind should be calculated by comparing the shear force of the wind on barely erodible soil surfaces with the anti-erosion force of the surface *** advantage of this conceptual model is that the calculated soil wind erosion modulus is not subject to changes of spatial ***,we recommended continual improvement of the existing models while also establishing new models.

关键词： conceptual dynamic model of soil wind erosion conversion of soil loss in spatial scales standard plot factors affecting soil wind erosion

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Application of a new wind driving force model in soil wind erosion area of northern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第3期12卷 423-435页

作者： zou xueyong LI Huiru LIU Wei WANG Jingpu cheng hong WU Xiaoxu ZHANG Chunlai KANG Liqiang state key laboratory of earth {4. {4. and resource ecology/MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China School of resources and Environmental Engineering Ludong UniversityYantai 264025China College of Global Change and earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The shear stress generated by the wind on the land surface is the driving force that results in the wind erosion of the *** is an independent factor influencing soil wind *** factors related to wind erosivity,known as submodels,mainly include the weather factor(WF)in revised wind erosion equation(RWEQ),the erosion submodel(ES)in wind erosion prediction system(WEPS),as well as the drift potential(DP)in wind energy environmental ***,the essential factors of WF and ES contain wind,soil characteristics and surface coverings,which therefore results in the interdependence between WF or ES and other factors(e.g.,soil erodible factor)in soil erosion *** that DP is a relative indicator of the wind energy environment and does not have the value of expressing wind to induce shear stress on the ***,a new factor is needed to express accurately wind *** on the theoretical basis that the soil loss by wind erosion(Q)is proportional to the shear stress of the wind on the soil surface,a new model of wind driving force(WDF)was established,which expresses the potential capacity of wind to drive soil mass in per unit area and a period of *** the calculations in the typical area,the WDF,WF and DP are compared and analyzed from the theoretical basis,construction goal,problem-solving ability and typical area application;the spatial distribution of soil wind erosion intensity was concurrently compared with the spatial distributions of the WDF,WF and DP values in the typical *** results indicate that the WDF is better to reflect the potential capacity of wind erosivity than WF and DP,and that the WDF model is a good model with universal applicability and can be logically incorporated into the soil wind erosion models.

关键词： soil wind erosion wind driving force weather factor drift potential WDF(wind driving force)model

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Blown sand motion within the sand-control system in the southern section of the Taklimakan Desert Highway

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第5期7卷 599-611页

作者： cheng hong HE Jiajia XU Xingri zou xueyong WU Yongqiu LIU Chenchen DONG Yifan PAN Meihui WANG Yanzai ZHANG hongyan state key laboratory of earth {4. {4. and resource ecology Beijing Normal University MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control at beijing normal university Lushunkou Trading Center of Land Reserve

Although scientists have performed many studies in the Taklimakan Desert, few of them have reported the blown sand motion along the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert Highway, which differs significantly from the northern region in terms of aeolian sand geomorphology and formation environment. Based on the field ob- servation data of airflow and aeolian sand transport, continuous monitoring data of erosional and depositional processes between 14.April 2009 and 9 April 2011 and data of surface sand grains from the classical section along the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert Highway, this paper reported the blown sand motion within the sand-control system of the highway. The main results are as follows： 1） The existing sand-control system is highly effective in preventing and controlling desertification. Wind velocities within the sand-control system were ap- proximately 33%-100% of those for the same height above the mobile sand surface. Aeolian sand fluxes were approximately 0-31.21% of those of the mobile sand surface. Sand grains inside the system, with a mean diameter of 2.89 q）, were finer than those （2.15 q）） outside the system. In addition, wind velocities basically followed a loga- rithmic law, but the airflow along the classical section was mainly determined by topography and vegetation. 2） There were obvious erosional and depositional phenomena above the surface within the sand-control system, and these phenomena have very consistent patterns for all observation points in the two observed years. The total thicknesses of erosion and deposition ranged from 0.30 to 14.60 cm, with a mean value of 3.67 cm. In contrast, the deposition thicknesses were 1.90-22.10 cm, with a mean value of 7.59 cm, and the erosion thicknesses were 3.51-15.10 cm, with a mean value of 8.75 cm. The results will aid our understanding of blown sand within the sand-control system and provide a strong foundation for optimizing the sand-control system.

关键词： sand-control system blown sand motion erosion deposition Taklimakan Desert Highway

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京津风沙源地表释尘到达典型城市沙尘量及其源解析

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科学通报 2023年第7期68卷 801-816页

作者：程宏张恺笛蒋宁邹学勇吴波贺伟伟北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京100875 北京师范大学防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心北京100875 北京师范大学地理科学学部北京100875 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所北京100091

土壤风蚀引起的地表沙尘释放是大气环境中可吸入颗粒的重要来源.准确估算地表沙尘释放对城市大气环境中可吸入颗粒物的贡献,是国家制定大气环境治理规划和决策的依据.本文结合地面调查、野外观测、遥感影像解译等手段,估算了风力作用下... 详细信息

土壤风蚀引起的地表沙尘释放是大气环境中可吸入颗粒的重要来源.准确估算地表沙尘释放对城市大气环境中可吸入颗粒物的贡献,是国家制定大气环境治理规划和决策的依据.本文结合地面调查、野外观测、遥感影像解译等手段,估算了风力作用下京津风沙源土壤风蚀引起的0~2.5、2.5~5、5~10、10~20μm沙尘输移到北京、张家口、赤峰、大同、呼和浩特、锡林浩特、包头、榆林的量,揭示了到达各城市不同粒径组沙尘量的变化规律,并从区域、土地利用、风向等方面进行了源解析,提出了京津风沙源治理的核心是PM_(10)(尤其是PM_(2.5)),治理区域需优先考虑农牧交错带、荒漠草原、燕山丘陵,治理的地类依次是耕地、沙地(漠)和草(灌)地,为京津风沙源治理宏观战略部署、总体方案优化与调整提供决策依据.

关键词：京津风沙源地表释尘沙尘量源解析城市

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京津风沙源地表沙尘释放及其区域分异

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科学通报 2023年第11期68卷 1356-1366页

作者：程宏蒋宁张恺笛吴波邹学勇赵晓萌北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京100875 北京师范大学防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心北京100875 北京师范大学地理科学学部北京100875 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所北京100091

土壤风蚀引起的地表沙尘释放及其输移过程,是干旱半干旱区最为重要的地表过程之一.准确估算地表沙尘释放是揭示沙尘暴发生机制、阐明地表沙尘释放与陆地生态系统耦合作用的基础,也是制定防沙治沙和大气环境治理规划和决策的依据.基于野... 详细信息

土壤风蚀引起的地表沙尘释放及其输移过程,是干旱半干旱区最为重要的地表过程之一.准确估算地表沙尘释放是揭示沙尘暴发生机制、阐明地表沙尘释放与陆地生态系统耦合作用的基础,也是制定防沙治沙和大气环境治理规划和决策的依据.基于野外调查、表层土壤采集及其室内实验、遥感影像以及气象站观测资料,估算了4.不同时期4.粒径组地表沙尘释放,揭示了京津风沙源地表沙尘释放的时空分布及其对粒径的响应,明确了京津风沙源不同区域和土地利用地表沙尘释放的贡献.在此基础上,从控制地表沙尘释放及其对区域大气环境中可吸入颗粒物影响的角度,提出京津风沙源治理的重点区域是农牧交错带、燕山丘陵、荒漠草原、晋北山地丘陵,治理的土地利用核心是耕地,而不是沙地,为京津风沙源治理工程的优化布局提供科学依据.

关键词：地表沙尘释放区域分异京津风沙源土地利用

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京津风沙源土壤风蚀时空格局及其演化

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科学通报 2023年第2期68卷 238-253页

作者：赵晓萌程宏蒋宁邹学勇吴波蒋玲梅张恺笛贺伟伟北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京100875 北京师范大学防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心北京100875 北京师范大学地理科学学部北京100875 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所北京100091

为了控制土壤风蚀及其产生的沙尘释放对京津地区大气环境的影响,中国政府于21世纪初实施了具有重要战略意义的京津风沙源治理工程.通过植树种草、轮牧禁牧、土地利用优化等措施,丰富了区内生物多样性,提高了区内植被盖度,生态环境得到... 详细信息

为了控制土壤风蚀及其产生的沙尘释放对京津地区大气环境的影响,中国政府于21世纪初实施了具有重要战略意义的京津风沙源治理工程.通过植树种草、轮牧禁牧、土地利用优化等措施,丰富了区内生物多样性,提高了区内植被盖度,生态环境得到一定程度的改善.基于野外调查、室内实验、遥感影像反演以及气象数据,本文采用《全国水土流失动态监测规划(2018~2022年)》和《区域水土流失动态监测技术规定(试行)》中指定的土壤风蚀模型,计算了京津风沙源治理以来典型年份、土地利用变化和气候变化共计3种情形下土壤风蚀,揭示了京津风沙源土壤风蚀模数和强度的时空格局及其演化规律,明确了土地利用变化、气候变化对京津风沙源土壤风蚀时空格局的影响,发现气候变化导致风蚀模数和面积的变率,与当年对应的变率相当,大于土地利用变化的影响.此外,土地利用变化情形风蚀面积总体减少,尤其是2010~2015年间减小了4.10%,说明京津风沙源治理工程发挥了重要作用,为京津风沙源治理工程效益评估以及优化布局提供科学依据.

关键词：京津风沙源风蚀时空格局气候变化土地利用变化

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