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Multiple pollutants from crop and livestock production in the Yangtze River: status and challenges

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 134-139,I0005页

作者： Lihua MA Shiyang LI Linfa FANG Xuanjing chen Ran XIAO Xiaoxuan SU Zhaolei LI Zhaohai BAI Lin MA Prakash LAKSHMANAN xinping chen Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Water Systems and Global Change Group Wageningen University&Research6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetic and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic ImprovementSugarcane Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning 530007China Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4067Australia

The rapid increase in the proportion of cash crops and livestock production in the Yangtze River Basin has led to commensurate increases in fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer, organophosphorus pesticides and inappropriate disposal of agricultural waste induced water pollution and potentially threaten Agriculture Green Development(AGD). To ensure food security and the food supply capacity of the Yangtze River Basin, it is important to balance green and development, while ensuring the quality of water bodies. Multiple pollutants affect the transfer, adsorption, photolysis and degradation of each other throughout the soil-plant-water system. This paper considers the impact of multi-pollutants on the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles especially for crops, which are related to achieving food security and AGD. It presents prospective on theory, modeling and multi-pollutant control in the Yangtze River Basin for AGD that are of potential value for other developing regions.

关键词： Agriculture Green Development crop production livestock production multi-pollutant models multiple pollutants Yangtze River Basin

Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and economic viability of sugar crops in China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第3期11卷 397-408页

作者： Linsheng YANG Xiaozhong WANG Wushuai ZHANG Prakash LAKSHMANAN Yan DENG Xiaojun SHI xinping chen Fusuo ZHANG Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) Southwest University Rice Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesSugarcane Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Center for Resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University

Climate change mitigation is a major challenge of human society. Currently, to this end, many countries including China are committed to achieving carbon neutrality within a few decades. China is a major sugarcane and sugar beet producing country and has one of the largest carbon footprint for sugarcane and sugar beet production globally. A comprehensive study was conducted on sugarcane and sugar beet crops grown in China for greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions mitigation potential, economic crop production from a sustainable sugar production perspective. Long-term trend analysis showed that yield and GHG emissions of sugarcane and sugar beet crops increased but the ratio of income to cost declined. Structural equation model analysis revealed nitrogen fertilizer and labor as the major drivers of GHG emissions for both sugarcane and sugar beet. For sugarcane and sugar beet, the path coefficient of N fertilizer were -0.964 and -0.835 and that of labor were 0.771 and 0.589,respectively. By transitioning the current cropping system to an improved model with optimized labor, N input and machinery use, the GHG emissions and total annual cost of sugarcane and sugar beet production can be reduced by 32% and 24%, respectively, by 2030, compared to a business-as-usual scenario. This is the first integrated and comparative study of environmental and economic sustainability of sugarcane and sugar beet production in China.These findings will enable all stakeholders of Chinese sugarcane and sugar beet industries to transform them into environmentally and economically sustainable sugar production.

关键词： Economic profits GHG emissions labor input nitrogen input sugar

TCL: a taxi trajectory prediction model combining time and space features

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2021年第3期28卷 63-75页

作者： Jiao Jichao chen xinping Guan Meng Zhao Yaxin School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Vehicle trajectory modeling is an important foundation for urban intelligent services. Trajectory prediction of cars is a hot topic. A model including convolutional neural network(CNN) and long short-term memory(LSTM) was proposed, which is named trajectory-CNN-LSTM(TCL). CNN can extract the spatial features of the trajectory in the input image. Besides, LSTM can extract the time-series features of the input trajectory. After that, the model uses fully connected layers to merge the two features for the final predicting. The experiments on the Porto dataset of The European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases(ECML-PKDD) show that the average prediction error of TCL is reduced by 0.15 km, 0.42 km, and 0.39 km compared to the trajectory-convolution(T-CONV), multi-layer perceptron(MLP), and recurrent neural network(RNN) model, respectively.

关键词： global navigation satellite system(GNSS) trajectory data trajectory prediction spatilal features time features

Elucidating Variations in Nitrogen Requirement According to Yield, Variety and Cropping System for Chinese Rice Production

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 358-363页

作者： ZHANG Yi chen xinping MA Wenqi CUI Zhenling Centre for Resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 (China) College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 (China) College of Resources and Environmental Science Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 (China)

Better understanding of the factors that influence crop nitrogen(N) requirement plays an important role in improving regional N recommendations for rice(Oryza sativa L.) production. We collected data from 1 280 plot-level measurements in different reaches of the Yangtze River, China to determine which factors contributed to variability in N requirement in rice. Yield, variety, and cropping system were significantly related to N requirement. The N requirement remained consistent at about 18.6 kg N Mg^(-1)grain as grain yield increased from 7 to 9 Mg ha^(-1), then decreased to 18.1, 16.9, and 15.9 kg N Mg^(-1)grain as yield increased to 9–10, 10–11, and > 11 Mg ha^(-1), respectively. The decreased requirement for N with increasing yield was attributable to declining N concentrations in grain and straw and increased harvest index. Super rice variety had lower N requirement(17.7 kg N Mg^(-1)grain) than ordinary inbred and hybrid varieties(18.5 and 18.3 kg N Mg^(-1)grain, respectively), which was a result of lower grain and straw N concentrations of super rice. The N requirements were 19.2, 17.8, and 17.5 kg N Mg^(-1)grain for early, middle, and late rice cropping systems, respectively. In conclusion, the rice N requirement was affected by multiple factors, including yield, variety, and cropping system, all of which should be considered when planning for optimal N management.

关键词：水稻产量杂交品种种植制度氮素需求变化中国粮食产量 MG-1

Improving Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Simultaneously for Maize and Wheat in China： A Review

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Pedosphere 2016年第2期26卷 137-147页

作者： MENG Qingfeng YUE Shanchao HOU Peng CUI Zhenling chen xinping China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China

同时完成两高收益和高氮使用效率(NUE ) 与对食物，自然资源的弄空，和环境的恶化的增加的全球需求成为了主要挑战。作为在世界上的 N 化肥的最伟大的消费者，中国农民滥用了 N，并且因为 N 举起收益关系的有限理解，在庄稼 N 需求和 N... 详细信息

同时完成两高收益和高氮使用效率(NUE ) 与对食物，自然资源的弄空，和环境的恶化的增加的全球需求成为了主要挑战。作为在世界上的 N 化肥的最伟大的消费者，中国农民滥用了 N，并且因为 N 举起收益关系的有限理解，在庄稼 N 需求和 N 供应之间有差的 synchrony。处理这个问题，这研究为二个学生的不同收益范围评估了全部、动态的 N 要求庄稼(玉米和小麦) ，和到 N 管理策略的建议改进。整个植物的 N 未葬举起要求每谷物产量(N req ) 开始与谷物收益改进死亡了然后停滞，并且然而，大多数农民仍然相信更多的化肥和更高的谷物产量是同义的。当玉米产量增加了从时 12.0 Mg 哈 −1, N req 从 19.8 ～ 17.0 kg Mg −1 谷物减少了。为小麦，它为谷物产量从 27.1 kg Mg −1 谷物减少了 −1 到为产量的 22.7 kg Mg −1 谷物 > 9.0 Mg 哈 −1 。同时，干燥物质的百分比和在中间迟了的成长季节的 N 累积与谷物产量显著地增加了，它显示 N 授精应该在中间迟了的阶段被集中当农民们经常在播种前或在早生长阶段期间使用了 N 化肥的多数时，匹配庄稼需求。我们因此开发了同时增加谷物产量和 NUE 的综合土壤庄稼系统管理策略。

关键词：氮肥利用效率小麦产量玉米产量土壤-作物系统粮食需求粮食产量氮肥利用率环境恶化

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小学语文阅读教学“随文练笔”的有效实施

科教导刊 2024年第11期 115-117页

作者：陈新平甘肃省武威市凉州区九墩镇九年制学校甘肃武威733000

新课改背景下,随文练笔这种可以有效培养学生写作能力的教学方式被提出并应用到小学语文阅读教学中。但由于学生存在个体差异,随文练笔教学应用方式多样等因素,若想随文练笔取得教学成效,就必须立足实际,以生为本地研究可行的教学实施... 详细信息

新课改背景下,随文练笔这种可以有效培养学生写作能力的教学方式被提出并应用到小学语文阅读教学中。但由于学生存在个体差异,随文练笔教学应用方式多样等因素,若想随文练笔取得教学成效,就必须立足实际,以生为本地研究可行的教学实施对策。文章就小学语文阅读教学“随文练笔”的应用意义和具体的实施对策展开分析讨论。

关键词：小学语文阅读教学随文练笔实施

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面向无线传感网络的双向射频功率放大器研究

科技风 2024年第2期 1-3页

作者：陈新平重庆电子工程职业学院人工智能与大数据学院重庆401331

针对无线传感网中通信模块存在的发射功率小、接收灵敏度低、难以适应恶劣的工业无线环境的现状,本文设计了一种工作于470MHz频段的双向射频功率放大器。选用Renesas公司的SiGe工艺NPN晶体管NESG270034和NXP公司的第五代Si材料工艺NPN... 详细信息

针对无线传感网中通信模块存在的发射功率小、接收灵敏度低、难以适应恶劣的工业无线环境的现状,本文设计了一种工作于470MHz频段的双向射频功率放大器。选用Renesas公司的SiGe工艺NPN晶体管NESG270034和NXP公司的第五代Si材料工艺NPN晶体管BFU530W分别设计正向放大器和反向放大器。利用ADS软件对其进行仿真及实验测试分析,测试结果表明:在470MHz频段内,正向放大器增益为18.9dB,S11小于-15dB,S22小于-15dB;反向放大器增益大于15dB,噪声系数小于1dB,S11小于-15dB,S22小于-15dB。最后联合cc1120~470MHz节点测试发射功率和接收灵敏度。

关键词：工业无线通信射频前端双向射频功率放大器

微生物胞外多糖的合成及其在重金属修复中的作用机制与应用

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微生物学报 2024年第3期64卷 701-719页

作者：马莹姜岸石孝均李振轮陈新平西南大学资源环境学院重庆400716

重金属的生物不可降解性使其在环境中长期存在,导致严重的环境污染,对人类健康和生态系统构成威胁。与传统的物化修复技术相比,微生物修复具有成本低廉、环境友好和高效等特点。在面对重金属胁迫或营养不均衡时,微生物会被激发以分泌合... 详细信息

重金属的生物不可降解性使其在环境中长期存在,导致严重的环境污染,对人类健康和生态系统构成威胁。与传统的物化修复技术相比,微生物修复具有成本低廉、环境友好和高效等特点。在面对重金属胁迫或营养不均衡时,微生物会被激发以分泌合成胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides,EPS)。由此可见,EPS的产生是微生物对抗重金属胁迫的重要策略之一。EPS不仅能保护微生物在低温、高温、高盐等极端环境或受毒性化合物胁迫的条件下存活,并且在细胞内外进行信息和物质的交流与传递,既作为保护屏障限制重金属离子进入细胞,又作为介质进行交流。EPS结构中含有多个带负电荷的官能团,能够与重金属离子发生络合、离子交换、氧化还原等反应,从而降低重金属的生物有效性并减轻其毒性。微生物EPS在重金属胁迫环境中的修复具有重要意义。然而,目前缺乏关于微生物EPS合成过程、与重金属互作机制及其在重金属胁迫环境中应用现状的系统综述。本文概述了微生物EPS及其分类,详细阐述了细菌EPS胞内及胞外的生物合成机制,并探讨了微生物EPS与重金属互作机制,以及微生物EPS修复水、土环境中重金属污染方面的研究进展。最后,展望了EPS合成及其在重金属修复中的作用机制研究,可为微生物EPS进一步应用于环境重金属污染修复提供支持。

关键词：胞外多糖重金属生物修复合成途径

东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压岩性油气藏成藏机理

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岩性油气藏 2024年第4期36卷 57-70页

作者：张磊李莎罗波波吕伯强谢敏陈新平陈冬霞邓彩云中国石化中原油田分公司勘探开发研究院河南濮阳457001 中国石化中原油田分公司河南濮阳457001 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室北京102249

东濮凹陷深部储层致密,超压广泛发育,油气生运聚过程复杂。利用测井、录井、钻井及地球化学分析等资料,对东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压的形成机制、超压对源岩与储层的影响以及油气运移动力进行了系统研究,并阐明深层超压岩性油气藏的... 详细信息

东濮凹陷深部储层致密,超压广泛发育,油气生运聚过程复杂。利用测井、录井、钻井及地球化学分析等资料,对东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压的形成机制、超压对源岩与储层的影响以及油气运移动力进行了系统研究,并阐明深层超压岩性油气藏的成藏机理。研究结果表明:(1)东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三段超压岩性油气藏类型主要包括砂岩上倾尖灭油气藏、砂岩透镜体油气藏、裂缝油气藏3种纯岩性油气藏和岩性-构造油气藏、构造-岩性油气藏2种复合油气藏。岩性油气藏主要分布于东濮凹陷北部地区,尤其在前梨园洼陷、海通集洼陷、柳屯洼陷及濮城—卫城洼陷周边,具有“环洼有序分布”的特征。(2)研究区厚层膏盐岩发育及生烃过程产生的深层超压对烃源岩的生烃具有抑制作用,有效扩大了生油窗,增强了深部源岩的生烃能力,促进了其对环洼岩性油气藏的大规模近源供烃;膏盐岩发育、早期快速埋藏、超压的抗压实作用和晚期发育的溶蚀作用控制了优质储层的分布;深部广泛发育的超压和浮力协同作用为深层油气运移提供了有效动力。(3)研究区东部洼陷带为“单洼单源、早混相晚气相、自生自储、超压驱动运聚”成藏模式;东部陡坡带为“单洼多源、早混相晚气相、超压-浮力驱动侧向运聚”成藏模式;西部斜坡带为“单洼多源、油相、超压-浮力驱动侧向运聚”成藏模式;西部洼陷带为“单洼单源、油相、超压-浮力驱动侧向运聚”成藏模式。

关键词：岩性油气藏近源供烃膏盐岩超压驱动浮力驱动侧向运聚沙三段古近系东濮凹陷

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