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Proactive infection control measures to prevent nosocomial transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a non-endemic area

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第23期126卷 4504-4509页

作者： chenG Vincent Chi-Chung CHAN Jasper Fuk-Woo WONG Sally Cheuk-Ying chen jonathan hon-kwan TAI Josepha Wai-Ming YAN Mei-Kum kwan Grace See-Wai TSE Herman TO Kelvin Kai-Wang HO Pak-Leung YUEN Kwok-Yung Department of Microbiology Queen Mary Hospital Hong KongChina Infection Control Team Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China

Background Identification of hospitalized carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae （CRE）-positive patient is important in preventing nosocomial *** objective of this study was to illustrate the implementation of proactive infection control measures in preventing nosocomial transmission of CRE in a healthcare region of over 3200 beds in hong Kong between October 1,2010 and December 31,*** The program included active surveillance culture in patients with history of medical tourism with hospitalization and surgical operation outside hong Kong within 12 months before admission,and ＂added test＂ as an opportunistic CRE screening in all fecal specimens submitted to the *** investigation and contact tracing were conducted for CRE-positive *** quantitative culture was performed on CRE-positive patients and the duration of fecal carriage of CRE was *** During the study period,a total of 6533 patients were screened for CRE,of which 76 patients were positive （10 from active surveillance culture,65 from ＂added test＂,and 1 secondary case from contact tracing of 223 patients with no nosocomial outbreak）,resulting in an overall rate of CRE fecal carriage of 1.2％.The median time of fecal carriage of CRE was 43 days （range,13-119 days）.Beta-lactam-beta-lactamase-inhibitors,cephalosporins,and fluoroquinolones were associated significantly with high fecal bacterial load when used 90 days before CRE detection,while use of cephalosporins,carbapenems,and fiuoroquinolones after CRE detection are significantly associated with longer duration of *** duration of fecal carriage of CRE also correlates significantly with the initial fecal bacterial load （Pearson correlation：0.53; P=0.02）.Conclusion Proactive infection control measures by enhanced surveillance program identify CRE-positive patients and data obtained are useful for the planning of and resource allocation for CRE control.

关键词： surveillance nosocomial transmission carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

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An unprecedented outbreak investigation for nosocomial and community-acquired legionellosis in hong Kong

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Chinese Medical Journal 2012年第23期125卷 4283-4290页

作者： chenG Vincent Chi-chung WONG Samson Sai-yin chen jonathan hon-kwan CHAN Jasper Fuk-woo TO Kelvin Kai-wang POON Rosana Wing-shan WONG Sally Cheuk-ying CHAN Kwok-hung TAI Josepha Wai-ming HO Pak-leung TSANG Thomas Ho-fai YUEN Kwok-yung Department of Microbiology Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China Infection Control Team Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China Centre for Health Protection Department of Health Hong Kong China

Background The environmental sources associated with community-acquired or nosocomial legionellosis were not always detectable in the mainland of China and hong Kong, China. The objective of this study was to illustrate the control measures implemented for nosocomial and community outbreaks of legionellosis, and to understand the environmental distribution of legionella in the water system in hong Kong, China. Methods We investigated the environmental sources of two cases of legionellosis acquired in the hospital and the community by extensive outbreak investigation and sampling of the potable water system using culture and genetic testing at the respective premises. Results The diagnosis of nosocomial legionellosis was suspected in a patient presenting with nosocomial pneumonia not responsive to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics with subsequent confirmation by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigenuria. High counts of Legionella pneumophila were detected in the potable water supply of the 70-year-old hospital building. Another patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis presenting with acute community-acquired pneumonia and severe diarrhoea was positive for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） testing on both sputum and nasopharyngeal aspirate despite negative antigenuria. Paradoxically the source of the second case was traced to the water system of a newly commissioned office building complex. No further cases were detected after shock hyperchlorination with or without superheating of the water systems. Subsequent legionella counts were drastically reduced. Point-of-care infection control by off-boiled or sterile water for mouth care and installation of water filter for showers in the hospital wards for immunocompromised patients was instituted. Territory wide investigation of the community potable water supply showed that 22.1% of the household water supply was positive at a mean legionella count of 108.56 CFU/ml （rang

关键词： outbreak nosocomial legionellosis community-acquired legionellosis

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Catalytic decomposition performance for O_3 and NO_2 in humid indoor air on a MnO_x/Al_2O_3 catalyst modified by a cost-effective chemical grafting method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第12期30卷 58-70页

作者： Longwen chen Michel Ondarts jonathan Outin Yves Gonthier Evelyne Gonze Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS Laboratoire d'Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l'Environnement(LOCIE)

Processes based on non-thermal plasma（NTP） for indoor air treatment inevitably lead to the formation of toxic by-products such as ozone（O3） and nitrogen oxides（NOx）. Adding a step of heterogeneous catalysis in series with NTP could allow for the decomposition of the by-products. Therefore, different catalysts were developed based on transition metal oxides, such as NiOx, CoOxand MnOxwith different weight percentage 1, 5 and 10 wt.%,deposited on a γ-Al2O3 support. The O3 removal efficiency（ORE） and the NOxremoval efficiency（NRE） were very encouraging in dry air： about 65% and 80%, respectively, by using2 g 5 wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst under the experimental conditions. However, strongly negative effects of relative humidity（RH） on the catalytic decomposition performance were observed. To overcome this limitation, the catalyst surface was modified to make it hydrophobic using a cost-effective chemical grafting method. This treatment consisted in impregnating the 5 wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst with different trichloro（alkyl）silanes（TCAS）.The effects of different linker lengths and amounts of TCAS for the hydrophobicity and the decomposition performance of surface-modified catalysts under humid conditions were investigated. Our results show that the surface-modified catalyst with the shortest linker and 0.25 mmol/gcatof modifying agent represents the best catalytic decomposition performance for O3. Its ORE is 41% at 60% RH, which is twice that of the non-modified catalyst.

关键词： Indoor air treatment Non-thermal plasma MnOx/Al2O3catalyst Surface modification Ozone

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Joint task scheduling and multi-UAV deployment for aerial computing in emergency communication networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 239-258页

作者： Tiankui ZHANG Chaobin chen Yu XU jonathan LOO Wenjun XU School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computing and Engineering University of West London School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

This article studies mobile edge computing technologies enabled by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) in disasters. First, considering that the ground servers may be damaged in emergency scenarios, we proposed an air-ground cooperation architecture based on ad-hoc UAV networks. We defined the system cost as the weighted sum of task delay and energy consumption because of different delay sensitivity and energy sensitivity tasks in emergency communication networks. Then, we formulated the system cost-minimization problem of task scheduling and multi-UAV deployments. To solve the proposed mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, we decomposed it to two sub-problems that were solved by proposing a swap matchingbased task scheduling sub-algorithm and a successive convex approximation-based multi-UAV deployment sub-algorithm. Accordingly, we propose a joint optimization algorithm by iterating the two sub-algorithms to obtain a low complexity sub-optimal solution. Finally, the simulation results show that(i) the proposed algorithm converges in several iterations, and(ii) compared with the benchmark algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better performance of reducing task delay and energy consumption and achieves a good tradeoff between them for diverse tasks.

关键词： emergency communication mobile edge computing swap matching algorithm unmanned aerial vehicle

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Machine learning guided high-throughput search of non-oxide garnets

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1717-1725页

作者： jonathan Schmidt Hai-chen Wang Georg Schmidt Miguel A.L.Marques Institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergD-06099 HalleGermany

Garnets have found important applications in modern technologies including magnetorestriction,spintronics,lithium batteries,*** overwhelming majority of experimentally known garnets are oxides,while explorations(experimental or theoretical)for the rest of the chemical space have been limited in scope.A key issue is that the garnet structure has a large primitive unit cell,requiring a substantial amount of computational *** perform a comprehensive search of the complete chemical space for new garnets,we combine recent progress in graph neural networks with high-throughput *** apply the machine learning model to identify the potentially(meta-)stable garnet systems before performing systematic density-functional calculations to validate the *** discover more than 600 ternary garnets with distances to the convex hull below 100 meV⋅atom−*** includes sulfide,nitride,and halide *** analyze their electronic structure and discuss the connection between the value of the electronic band gap and charge balance.

关键词： structure sulfide oxides

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Understanding urban structures and crowd dynamics leveraging large-scale vehicle mobility data

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2020年第5期14卷 77-88页

作者： Zhihan Jiang Yan Liu Xiaoliang Fan cheng Wang jonathan Li Longbiao chen Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities School of Information Science and EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China

A comprehensive understanding of city structures and urban dynamics can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of urban planning and management,while the traditional approaches of which,such as manual surveys,usually incur substantial labor and *** this paper,we propose a data-driven framework to sense urban structures and dynamics from large-scale vehicle mobility ***,we divide the city into fine-grained grids,and cluster the grids with similar mobility features into structured urban areas with a proposed distance-constrained clustering algorithm(DCCA).Second,we detect irregular mobility traffic patterns in each area leveraging an ARIMA-based anomaly detection algorithm(ADAM),and correlate them to the urban social and emergency ***,we build a visualization system to demonstrate the urban structures and crowd *** evaluate our framework using real-world datasets collected from Xiamen city,China,and the results show that the proposed framework can sense urban structures and crowd comprehensively and effectively.

关键词： vehicle mobility big data spatial clustering event detection urban computing ubiquitous computing

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Large-area perovskite films for PV applications:A perspective from nucleation and crystallization

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第8期30卷 626-641,I0013页

作者： Yuanhang Yang Zexu Xue Long chen Cho Fai jonathan Lau Zhiping Wang Key Lab of Artificial Micro-and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China School of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Canadian Solar Inc. Suzhou 215129China School of Microelectronics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted significant research interest due to the rapid rise in ***,a large efficiency gap still exists between laboratory-based small devices and industrialoriented large-scale *** of the main reasons for the efficiency losses is the degraded quality and morphology of the deposited large-area films,which is closely associated with crystallization *** this review,we discuss the nucleation and crystallization processes in solution and vaporbased up-scaling deposition methods for large-area perovskite *** review recent scientific achievements and technical developments that have been made in the field of large-area *** present the existing problems that limit the performance of large devices and extensively discuss the key influencing parameters from the perspective of nucleation and crystallization over large *** review highlights the importance of crystallization control in up-scaling fabrications and presents promising strategies towards large-area perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Large area Perovskite solar cells Nucleation Crystallization Solution and vacuum processes

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Tree mycorrhizal associations determine how biodiversity,large trees,and environmental factors drive aboveground carbon stock in temperate forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 448-456页

作者： Yue chen Zikun Mao jonathan A.Myers Jinghua Yu Xugao Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Shenyang110016China Department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMissouriUSA

Biodiversity,large trees,and environmental conditions such as climate and soil have important effects on forest carbon ***,recent studies in temperate forests suggest that the relative importance of these factors depends on tree mycorrhizal associations,whereby large-tree effects may be driven by ectomycorrhizal(EM)trees,diversity effects may be driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)trees,and environment effects may depend on differential climate and soil preferences of AM and EM *** test this hypothesis,we used forest-inventory data consisting of over 80,000 trees from 631 temperate-forest plots(30 m×30 m)across Northeast China to examine how biodiversity(species diversity and ecological uniqueness),large trees(top 1%of tree diameters),and environmental factors(climate and soil nutrients)differently regulate aboveground carbon stocks of AM trees,EM trees,and AM and EM trees combined(*** aboveground carbon stock).We found that large trees had a positive effect on both AM and EM tree carbon ***,biodiversity and environmental factors had opposite effects on AM *** tree carbon ***,the two components of biodiversity had positive effects on AM tree carbon stocks,but negative effects on EM tree carbon *** heterogeneity(mean annual temperature and soil nutrients)also exhibited contrasting effects on AM and EM tree carbon ***,for the total carbon stock,the positive large-tree effect far surpasses the diversity and environment *** is mainly because when integrating AM and EM tree carbon stock into total carbon stock,the opposite diversity-effect(also environment-effect)on AM *** tree carbon stock counteracts each other while the consistent positive large-tree effect on AM and EM tree carbon stock is *** summary,this study emphasized a mycorrhizal viewpoint to better understand the determinants of overarching aboveground carbon profile across regional forests.

关键词： Biodiversity Ecological uniqueness Environment heterogeneity Large trees Mycorrhizal associations Tree carbon stock

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Celiac plexus neurolysis in the management of unresectable pancreatic cancer:When and how?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第9期20卷 2186-2192页

作者： jonathan M Wyse Yen-I chen Anand V Sahai Division of Gastroenterology Jewish General Hospital McGill University Montreal H3T 1E2 QuebecCanada McGill University Health Center McGill University Montreal H3A 1A1 Quebec Canada Division of Gastroenterology Hopital Saint Luc Centre Hospitaliér de l’Universite de Montréal Montreal H2X 1P1 Quebec Canada

Pancreatic cancer is the second most common abdominal cancer in North America with an estimated 20%resectability at diagnosis,and overall 5-year survival of 5%.Pain is common in pancreatic cancer patients with 70%-80%suffering substantial *** plexus neurolysis(CPN)is a technique that can potentially improve pain control in pancreatic cancer while preventing further escalation of opioid *** is performed by injecting absolute alcohol into the celiac plexus neural network of *** review sets out to explore the current status of CPN in non-resectable pancreatic *** will examine:(1)the efficacy and safety of percutaneous-CPN and endoscopic ultrasound guided-CPN;(2)specific technique modifications including bilateral(vs central)injections and celiac ganglia neurolysis;and(3)the issue of CPN timing,early at pancreatic cancer diagnosis vs traditional late use as salvage therapy.

关键词： Celiac plexus neurolysis Endoscopic ultrasound Pancreatic cancer Pain Opioid Gastrointestinal endoscopy

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Computational screening of materials with extreme gap deformation potentials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1482-1491页

作者： Pedro Borlido jonathan Schmidt Hai-chen Wang Silvana Botti Miguel A.L.Marques Institut für Festkörpertheorie und-optik Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena and European Theoretical Spectroscopy FacilityMax-Wien-Platz 107743JenaGermany CFisUC Department of PhysicsUniversity of CoimbraRua Larga3004-516CoimbraPortugal Institut für Physik Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergD-06099HalleGermany

In this work,we present a large-scale study of gap deformation potentials based on density-functional theory calculations for over 5000 *** expected,in most cases the band gap decreases for increasing volume with deformation potentials that can reach values of almost−15 *** find,however,also a sizeable number of materials with positive deformation *** members of this group are halide perovskites,known for their applications in *** then focus on understanding the physical reasons for so different values of the deformation potentials by investigating the correlations between this property and a large number of other material and compositional *** also train explainable machine learning models as well as graph convolutional networks to predict deformation potentials and establish simple rules to understand predicted ***,we analyze in more detail a series of materials that have record positive and negative deformation potentials.

关键词： deformation properties. extreme

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