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Mixture of Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus Pumilus Modulates Community Structures of Rice Rhizosphere Soil to Suppress Rice Seedling Blight

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Rice science 2025年第1期32卷 118-130,I0067-I0070页

作者： JIANG Nan QIU Jiehua TIAN Dagang SHI Huanbin LIU Zhiquan WEN Hui XIE Shuwei chen huizhe WU Meng KOU Yanjun State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 311400China Biotechnology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou 350003China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture the Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice seedling blight,caused by various fungi,including Fusarium oxysporum,poses a severe threat to rice *** awareness grows regarding the environmental and safety hazards associated with the application of fungicides for managing rice seedling blight,there has been a shift in focus towards biological control *** this study,we isolated biocontrol bacteria from paddy fields that significantly inhibited the growth of *** in vitro and identified the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T40 and Bacillus pumilus ***,our findings indicated that the combined application of these Bacillus strains in soil was more effective in reducing the incidence of rice seedling blight than their individual *** of 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequencing data revealed that the mixture of the T40 and T208 strains exhibited the lowest average clustering coefficients,which were negatively correlated with the biomass of ***-inoculated rice ***,this mixture led to higher stochastic assembly(average|βNTI|<2)and reduced selection pressures on rice rhizosphere bacteria compared with individual strain *** mixture of the T40 and T208 strains also significantly increased the expression of defense-related *** conclusion,the mixture of the T40 and T208 strains effectively modulates microbial community structures,enhances microbial network stability,and boosts the resistance against rice seedling *** study supports the development and utilization of biological resources for crop protection.

关键词： application strategy disease control disease resistance microbial community structure microbial community assembly process Oryza sativa

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Brassinosteroids Mediate Endogenous Phytohormone Metabolism to Alleviate High Temperature Injury at Panicle Initiation Stage in Rice

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Rice science 2023年第1期30卷 70-86页

作者： chen Yanhua WANG Yaliang chen huizhe XIANG Jing ZHANG Yikai WANG Zhigang ZHU Defeng ZHANG Yuping National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China

High temperatures cause physiological and biochemical changes and significantly affect young panicle development of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Brassinosteroids play important roles in enhancing crop stress *** this study,we subjected rice cultivars Huanghuazhan(heat-resistant)and IR36(heat-sensitive)to high temperature(HT,40 oC)or normal temperature(NT,33 oC)for 7 d at the panicle initiation stage,in conjunction with application of 24-epibrassinolide[EBR,a synthetic brassinolide(BR)]or brassinazole(BRZ,a BR biosynthesis inhibitor)at the beginning of the *** exacerbated spikelet degeneration and inhibited young panicle growth,which were partially prevented by EBR application,while BRZ application aggravated the reduction in spikelet *** decreased the contents of BR,active cytokinins(aCTK),active gibberellins(aGA)and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),but increased the content of abscisic acid(ABA)in young *** activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose hydrolysis,glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in young panicles were decreased with the change of endogenous hormone levels under *** addition,the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)were increased and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased in young *** application of EBR induced the expression of phytohormone biosynthesis-related genes and down-regulated the expression of phytohormone catabolism-related genes to increase the contents of endogenous BR,aCTK,aGA and ABA,thus promoting the decomposition and utilization of sucrose in young panicles,enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase,and reducing the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA in young panicles,whereas application of BRZ had the opposite physiological *** results showed that brassinosteroids mediate endogenous phytohormone metabolism to alleviate HT injury at the panicle initiation stage in rice.

关键词： rice high temperature panicle initiation stage phytohormone metabolism physiological and biochemical indices

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Root morphology in response to nitrogen supply in mid-season indica rice cultivars released in different decades

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第4期60卷 439-442页

作者： Yikai Zhang huizhe chen Yuping Zhang Jing Xiang Guangmei Ji Defeng Zhu State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 China Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Province Guiyang 550006 China

Dear Editor,Roots,as a major organ of plants,are involved in nutrient and water acquisition,and might play a vital role in yield increase and efficient N absorption with genetic *** of the great differences in growth period and pattern between the old and new rice cultivars,it is difficult to clarify how genetic improvements contribute to root growth in rice.

关键词： Roots shoot vital nutrient length season breeding clarify cultivar roots

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Decrement of Sugar Consumption in Rice Young Panicle Under High Temperature Aggravates Spikelet Number Reduction

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Rice science 2020年第1期27卷 44-55页

作者： WANG Yaliang ZHANG Yikai SHI Qinghua chen huizhe XIANG Jing HU Guohui chen Yanhua WANG Xiaodan WANG Junke YI Zihao ZHU Defeng ZHANG Yuping China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Hangzhou 310006China College of Agronomy Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop PhysiologyEcology and Genetics BreedingMinistry of EducationNanchang 330045China

Two rice genotypes Huanghuazhan(HHZ, heat-resistant) and IR36(heat-susceptible) were subjected to high-temperature(HT, 40℃) and normal-temperature(NT, 32℃) treatments at the spikelet differentiation stage. HT treatment inhibited spikelet differentiation, aggravated spikelet degeneration, reduced spikelet size, and disordered carbohydrate allocation. Meanwhile, HT treatment increased nonstructural carbohydrate content in leaves, but decreased that in stems and young panicles, and the same tendencies of sucrose and starch contents were observed in leaves and stem. However, HT treatment significantly increased the sucrose content and sharply decreased the glucose and fructose contents in young panicles. Lower activity levels of soluble acid invertase(EC3.***.1.26) and sucrose synthase(EC2.***.1.13) were observed under HT treatment. Moreover, HT treatment reduced the activities of key enzymes associated with glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which indicated sucrose consumption was inhibited in young panicles under HT treatment. Exogenous glucose and fructose applied under HT treatment increased the spikelet number more than exogenous sucrose. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the reduction of spikelet number under high temperature was more affected by the decrease in sugar consumption than the blocking of sucrose transport. The impairment of sucrose hydrolysis was the main reason for the inhibition of sugar utilization.

关键词： rice high temperature panicle development spikelet number carbohydrate allocation sugar consumption

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Research Progress on Heat Stress of Rice at Flowering Stage

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Rice science 2019年第1期26卷 1-10页

作者： WANG Yaliang WANG Lei ZHOU Jianxia HU Shengbo chen huizhe XIANG Jing ZHANG Yikai ZENG Yongjun SHI Qinghua ZHU Defeng ZHANG Yuping College of Agronomy Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetics BreedingMinistry of Education China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Jinhua Municipal Institute of Agricultural Sciences

Global warming has caused frequent occurrence of heat stress at the flowering stage of single-season rice in the Yangtze River region of China, which results in declines of spikelet fertility and yield in rice. Rice flowering stage is the most sensitive period to high temperatures, and therefore, the key for heat stress happening is the flowering stage coinciding with high temperature, which causes spikelet fertility decreasing in heat-sensitive varieties, and is the major factor for heat injury differences among various rice planting regions. With the development of rice breeding, temperature indexes for heat stress has been converted from daily maximum temperature of 35 oC to 38 oC with the stress duration of more than 3 d. During the flowering stage, anther dehiscence inhibition and low pollen shedding onto the stigma are two main reasons for spikelet fertility reduction under high temperatures. At panicle initiation stage, high temperatures aggravate spikelet degeneration, and destroy floral organ development. Various types of rice varieties coexist in production, and indica-japonica hybrid rice demonstrates the highest heat resistance in general, followed by indica and japonica rice varieties. In production, avoiding high temperature is the main strategy of preventing heat stress, and planting suitable cultivars and adjustment of sowing date are the most effective measures. Irrigation is an effective real-time cultivation measure to decline the canopy temperature during the rice flowering stage. We suggested that further study should be focused on exploring heat injury differences among different rice variety types, and innovating rice-planting methods according to planting system changes in rice planting regions with extreme heat stress. Meanwhile, high temperature monitor and warning systems should be improved to achieve optimal heat stress management efficiencies.

关键词： flowering stage heat stress spikelet fertility high temperature yield variety

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Overlapped Tray Seedling Raising Model for Mechanical Transplanting of Rice

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Asian Agricultural Research 2019年第1期11卷 56-59页

作者： Defeng ZHU Yuejun WANG huizhe chen Yicheng XU Yiping chen China National Rice Research Institute Zhejiang Provincial Center of Agricultural Technology Extension

With the development of China's social economy,transfer of rural labors,and rise of labor costs,the rice production technologies are changing from manual operation to mechanical *** core of mechanical rice production is mechanical planting,while the key to mechanical planting is the seedling *** the basis of analyzing and studying the problems and experience of traditional mechanical transplanting of rice,a new overlapped tray seedling raising model was *** features of this model: substrate seedling raising and overlapped seedling *** seedling trays for seeding line are overlapped,and the overlapped trays are moved into the seedling room with controlled temperature and *** temperature of the seedling room is controlled at 30-32℃,and the humidity of the seedling room is controlled at above 90%.After about 48 h,when the seedling height reaches 0.5 cm,move the seedling trays to the *** model consists of one seeding center( seedling raising center) and N nurseries,to realize 1 + N seedling raising for mechanical transplanting of *** seeding center can provide seedlings for several hundred to several thousand hectares of mechanical transplanting of rice,and provide a new model for social *** model could improve the quality of seedlings,increase the seedling survival rate by about 20%,reduce the seedling raising costs by 15%-20%,reduce the seedling raising risks,and greatly increase the utilization rate of the site and equipment of seedling raising center.

关键词： Rice Mechanical transplanting Seedling raising Overlapped tray

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Effects of Low Temperature after Flowering on Grain Filling and Plant Hormone Contents in Rice

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2016年第6期5卷 16-23页

作者： Yanhua ZENG Yuping ZHANG Xiaohua PAN Defeng ZHU Jing XIANG huizhe chen Yikai ZHANG Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop PhysiologyEcology and Genetic BreedingMinistry of Education / Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute

Four varieties, indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 538 and Yongyou 17, indica rice Zhongzheyou 1 and japonica rice Zhejing 88 were treated under low temperatures in different time periods of grain filling stage, to analyze endogenous hormone changes and differences in different treatments in grain filling process. The results showed that the effects of low temperatures in different time periods after flowering on grain filling showed an order of early stage 〉 middle stage 〉 late stage, while the difference between the effects of lower temperatures on grain filling in middle and late filling stage was not significant, and the effects of low temper- atures on Yangyou 17 and Zhongzheyou 1 were higher than those on Yangyou 538 and Zhejing 88. Low temperature in early filling stage after flowering aignifieanfly slowed grain filling of Yongyou 17 and prolonged filling duration, while the effect on Yongyou 538 was not significant. Under low temperature treatments after flow- ering, changes in endogenous hormone contents in various varieties differed to certain degrees, IAA and ZR contents in grains of Yongyou 17 in early and middle filling stage decreased significantly, while GA3 and ABA contents were improved remarkably ; and Yongyou 538 showed significantly reduced GA3 content in grains, but higher IAA and ZR contents, which were the main reason for normal filling in grains. Proper hormone regulation measures could be taken in production to improve filling of rice grains under low temperature.

关键词： lndica-japonica hybrid rice Graln-filling stage Different low temperatures Hormones

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群体均匀度同时提升水稻产量和品质的研究进展

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江苏农业学报 2025年第1期41卷 184-191页

作者：唐承翰陈惠哲张玉屏向镜王志刚张义凯王亚梁中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室

水稻群体均匀度是用来衡量水稻植株个体间生长发育差异对群体生长影响的指标,反映植株分蘖发生、穗粒形成和籽粒灌浆等方面的一致性。水稻产量和品质能否同时提升与群体生长密切相关,提高种植均匀度能够有效提高群体均衡性,进而实现产... 详细信息

水稻群体均匀度是用来衡量水稻植株个体间生长发育差异对群体生长影响的指标,反映植株分蘖发生、穗粒形成和籽粒灌浆等方面的一致性。水稻产量和品质能否同时提升与群体生长密切相关,提高种植均匀度能够有效提高群体均衡性,进而实现产量和品质同时提高。产量和品质同时提高的矛盾与氮素利用密切相关,增加氮肥施用量虽然能提高水稻产量,但也提高了籽粒蛋白质含量,进而导致米饭食味变差。减少氮素穗肥施用是改善稻米品质的重要措施,在减少氮素穗肥施用条件下,高种植均匀度群体的个体发育优势明显,群体氮素吸收利用效率增加,达到少施氮肥也能形成大穗、多穗的高产群体的目的。围绕提高群体均匀度的目标,生产上可以采取培育健壮秧苗,合理分布种植空间,定量施用氮肥,培育花后高光效群体等方面的栽培措施更有效地实现水稻产量与品质同时提升。

关键词：水稻群体均匀度产量品质栽培措施

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稻虾种养模式下水稻品种筛选及关键栽培技术

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中国稻米 2022年第2期28卷 88-90,93页

作者：陈生良陈晶杰陈惠哲海盐县农作物与种子技术推广站浙江海盐314300 中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室杭州310006

稻田养虾是一种绿色、生态、高效的农业种养模式。为筛选出适合海盐地区不同稻虾种养模式种植的优质水稻品种,对不同水稻品种在稻虾种养模式下的产量及生育期表现进行了比较。结果表明,稻虾连作模式适宜选用优质高产常规稻嘉67、嘉禾236... 详细信息

稻田养虾是一种绿色、生态、高效的农业种养模式。为筛选出适合海盐地区不同稻虾种养模式种植的优质水稻品种,对不同水稻品种在稻虾种养模式下的产量及生育期表现进行了比较。结果表明,稻虾连作模式适宜选用优质高产常规稻嘉67、嘉禾236等;稻虾套养模式则适宜选用生长旺盛的籼粳杂交稻嘉优中科13-1;繁养一体模式适宜选用熟期较早、产量稳定的常规稻南粳3908、天微香粳等。针对稻虾种养模式的特点,提出了适宜的水稻栽培方式、种植密度、肥水管理等关键技术。

关键词：水稻稻虾种养模式产量栽培技术

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不同机插取秧量对杂交稻生长及产量的影响

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作物杂志 2015年第3期 79-82页

作者：滕飞陈惠哲朱德峰中国水稻研究所浙江杭州311400

为明确杂交稻机插适宜取秧量,选取大面积种植的杂交稻品种Y两优1号及中浙优1号为材料,设置2、4、6、8、10档5个机插取秧量,研究其对杂交稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明,随着机插取秧量的增大,杂交稻机插质量明显上升,漏秧率显著减小,田... 详细信息

为明确杂交稻机插适宜取秧量,选取大面积种植的杂交稻品种Y两优1号及中浙优1号为材料,设置2、4、6、8、10档5个机插取秧量,研究其对杂交稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明,随着机插取秧量的增大,杂交稻机插质量明显上升,漏秧率显著减小,田间基本苗数及群体茎蘖数均有所增加。同时,机插取秧量的增大引起植株群体干物质积累量增加,但其干物质主要集中在茎叶部位,穗部干物质积累量没有明显提高。从最终产量表现来看,随着机插取秧量的增大,产量呈先上升后下降的趋势,较小的取秧量导致田间水稻有效穗数不足,而较大的取秧量则降低了水稻结实率。综合两品种试验结果,机插最适取秧量为6档,成穗率高的品种可降至4档。

关键词：杂交稻机插秧取秧量干物质积累产量

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