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Federated local causal structure learning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第03期68卷 110-124页

作者： Kui YU chen RONG Hao WANG Fuyuan CAO Jiye liang School of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi University

Local causal structure learning(LCS) efficiently identifies a set of direct neighbors of a specified variable from observational data. Additionally, it distinguishes direct causes and direct effects of this variable without learning the entire causal structure. While many LCS algorithms have been proposed, they do not consider the data privacy-preserving problem,which has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry. To address this issue, we propose a federated local causal structure learning(FedLCS) algorithm to learn local causal structures in privacy-preserving data in a federated ***, FedLCS introduces a layer-wise federated local skeleton learning algorithm to construct the local skeleton. Based on this skeleton, it introduces a federated local skeleton orientation algorithm and an extension-and-backtracking orientation algorithm to orient the edges. Finally, FedLCS uses a federated local extension-and-backtracking orientation algorithm to orient the remaining edges. Extensive experiments on benchmark, synthetic, and real datasets demonstrate that FedLCS can learn the local causal structure of a given variable in a federated setting.

关键词： local causal structure learning federated learning directed acyclic graph privacy-preserving data federated layer-wise strategy

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Quantum purification for coherent states and its application

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 37-50页

作者： Lei Wang Geng Chai Zhengwen Cao Xinlei chen Kexin liang Jinye Peng Laboratory of Quantum Information and Technology School of Information Science and TechnologyNorthwest UniversityXi'an 710127China

The inevitable decoherence of quantum states leaks information to the environments and reduces the practical performance of quantum-information *** purification of coherent states provides an easy-to-implement approach to decouple from the environments utilizing the correlation of several ***,repeated transmission of quantum states reduces the randomness of the collectivity and generates security *** this paper,we propose a modified purification scheme and apply it to the continuous-variable quantum secure direct communication(CV-QSDC)protocol based on coherent *** designed purification scheme improves the security capacity of communication systems through the effective suppression of excess noises,accompanied by the maintenance of source-side *** conduct a proof-of-principle experiment of the purification scheme in the CV-QSDC *** appearance of transmitted quantum states in phase space and two-dimensional Gaussian distributions have high goodness of fit at two *** security capability of this system is improved by 43.6%as the excess noise is reduced to 0.58 times the original noise by purification.

关键词： quantum purification coherent state quantum secure direct communication

Unveiling the promotion role of ZnO on Zn-Al spinel oxide for CO_(2)hydrogenation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 18-25页

作者： Tongyao Wang Xinlong Yao Lixin liang Hongyu chen Pan Gao Guangjin Hou State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Zn-Al spinel oxide stands out as one of the most active catalysts for high-temperature methanol synthesis from CO_(2)***,the structure–activity relationship of the reaction remains poorly understood due to challenges in atomic-level structural characterizations and analysis of reaction *** this study,we prepared two Zn-Al spinel oxide catalysts via coprecipitation(ZnAl-C)and hydrothermal(ZnAl-H)methods,and conducted a comparative investigation in the CO_(2)hydrogenation ***,under similar conditions,ZnAl-C exhibited significantly higher selectivity towards methanol and DME compared to *** characterizations using X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)unveiled that ZnAl-C catalyst had abundant ZnO species on its surface,and the interaction between the ZnO species and its ZnAl spinel oxide matrix led to the formation of oxygen vacancies,which are crucial for CO_(2)adsorption and ***,state-of-the-art solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)techniques,including ex-situ and in-situ NMR analyses,confirmed that the surface ZnO facilitates the formation of unique highly reactive interfacial formate species,which was readily hydrogenated to methanol and *** insights elucidate the promotion effects of ZnO on the ZnAl spinel oxide in regulating active sites and reactive intermediates for CO_(2)-to-methanol hydrogenation reaction,which is further evidenced by the significant enhancement in methanol and DME selectivity observed upon loading ZnO onto the ZnAl-H *** molecular-level mechanism understandings reinforce the idea of optimizing the ZnO-ZnAl interface through tailored synthesis methods to achieve activity-selectivity balance.

关键词： CO_(2)hydrogenation Spinel oxide Zno Solid-state NMR

Expanding Viral Diversity in Rice Fields by Next-Generation Sequencing

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Rice science 2025年第1期32卷 44-51,I0024-I0040页

作者： WANG Haoran chen Guoqing feng Guozhong State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 311400China

In rice fields,rice plants usually grow alongside wild weeds and are attacked by various invertebrate *** are abundant in plants and invertebrates,playing crucial ecological roles in controlling microbial abundance and maintaining community *** date,only 16 rice viruses have been documented in rice-growing *** viruses pose serious threats to rice production and have traditionally been identified only from rice plants and insect vectors by isolation *** in next-generation sequencing(NGS)have made it feasible to discover viruses on a global ***,numerous viruses have been identified in plants and invertebrates using NGS *** this review,we discuss viral studies in rice plants,invertebrate species,and weeds in rice *** novel viruses have been discovered in rice ecosystems through NGS technologies,with some also detected using metatranscriptomic and small RNA *** analyses greatly expand our understanding of viruses in rice fields and provide valuable insights for developing efficient strategies to manage insect pests and virus-mediated rice diseases.

关键词： next-generation sequencing virus rice plant invertebrate species wild weed ecosystem viral transmission

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边坡工程计算机辅助设计

同济大学学报（自然科学版） 2004年第3期32卷 317-321页

作者：陈枫冯紫良胡志平同济大学地下建筑与工程系上海200092

边坡问题是岩土工程研究的一个重要学科分支 ,对于边坡工程的设计主要是基于稳定性分析作出安全评价 .通过目前边坡工程计算中普遍采用的 2种方法 :简化Bishop法和Sarma法 ,结合面向对象的软件设计模型 ,论述了边坡工程计算机辅助软件... 详细信息

边坡问题是岩土工程研究的一个重要学科分支 ,对于边坡工程的设计主要是基于稳定性分析作出安全评价 .通过目前边坡工程计算中普遍采用的 2种方法 :简化Bishop法和Sarma法 ,结合面向对象的软件设计模型 ,论述了边坡工程计算机辅助软件设计的一般方法 .在软件研制过程中。

关键词：边坡工程简化Bishop法 Sarma法安全系数数据库管理系统 OpenGL 面向对象方法

Influence of material characteristics on the failure mode and process of landslide dam

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第1期22卷 89-109页

作者： HU liang ZHONG Qiming chen liang YANG Meng ZHANG Lucheng WU Hao College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Department of Geotechnical Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Nanjing 210098China Key Laboratory of Reservoir and Dam Safety of the Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing 210029China

Landslide dams,as frequent natural hazards,pose significant risks to human lives,property,and ecological *** grading characteristics and density of dam materials play a crucial role in determining the stability of landslide dams and the potential for dam *** explore the failure mechanisms and evolutionary processes of landslide dams with varying soil properties,this study conducted a series of flume experiments,considering different grain compositions and material *** results demonstrated that grading characteristics significantly influence landslide dam stability,affecting failure patterns,breach processes,and final breach ***-graded materials exhibited a sequence of surface erosion,head-cut erosion,and subsequent surface erosion during the breach process,while well-graded materials typically experienced head-cut erosion followed by surface *** coarse-graded dams,the high permeability of coarse particles allowed the dam to remain stable,as inflows matched *** dam breach model experiments also showed that increasing material density effectively delayed the breach and reduced peak breach flow ***,higher fine particle content led to a reduction in the residual dam height and the base slope of the final breach profile,although the relationship between peak breach discharge and the content of fine and coarse particles was *** better understand breach morphology evolution under different soil characteristics and hydraulic conditions,three key points were identified—erosion point,control point,and scouring *** study,by examining the evolution of failure patterns,breach processes,and breach flow discharges under various grading and density conditions,offers valuable insights into the mechanisms behind landslide dam failures.

关键词： Landslide dams Overtopping Grain size distribution Breaching process Outflow discharge

Laser image refractive index sensor based on the combination of a coreless optical fiber and a digital camera

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第2期21卷 65-68页

作者： GUO Jingzhong LAN feng chen Xiang LIU Haifeng Xi’an Institute of Space Radio Technology Xi’an 710100China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

As a laser passes through a scattering medium,the light interacts with the irregular reflections within the medium,resulting in light scattering and the formation of *** this paper,an image sensor based on the combination of a coreless optical fiber and a digital camera is proposed for liquid refractive index sensing *** coreless fiber is used as a sensing unit,and the change in the speckle pattern is measured using the digital correlation method to detect the magnitude of the liquid's refractive *** experimental results indicate that the laser image sensing technique is capable of effectively distinguishing liquid samples with refractive indices ranging from 1.332 8 to1.390 8,with a sensing sensitivity of-1.306 ***,the laser image sensing technique,with its advantages of high experimental reproducibility,simple system design,remote over-control,holds great research significance and potential application in laser communication and sensor integration.

关键词： fiber scattering optical

Thermoelectric Modulation of Neat Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXenes by Finely Regulating the Stacking of Nanosheets

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 347-362页

作者： Junhui Tang Renyang Zhu Ya-Hsin Pai Yan Zhao chen Xu Ziqi liang Department of Materials Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China Spine Center Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200003People’s Republic of China

Emerging two-dimensional MXenes have been extensively studied in a wide range of fields thanks to their superior electrical and hydrophilic attributes as well as excellent chemical stability and mechanical *** them,the ultrahigh electrical conductivity(σ)and tunable band structures of benchmark Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene demonstrate its good potential as thermoelectric(TE)***,both the large variation ofσreported in the literature and the intrinsically low Seebeck coefficient(S)hinder the practical ***,this study has for the first time systematically investigated the TE properties of neat Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) films,which are finely modulated by exploiting different dispersing solvents,controlling nanosheet sizes and constructing ***,deionized water is found to be superior for obtaining closely packed MXene sheets relative to other polar ***,a simultaneous increase in both S andσis realized via elevating centrifugal speed on MXene aqueous suspensions to obtain small-sized nanosheets,thus yielding an ultrahigh power factor up to~156μW m^(-1) K^(-2).Third,S is significantly enhanced yet accompanied by a reduction inσwhen constructing MXene-based nanocomposites,the latter of which is originated from the damage to the intimate stackings of MXene ***,a correlation between the TE properties of neat Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) films and the stacking of nanosheets is elucidated,which would stimulate further exploration of MXene TEs.

关键词： MXene Nanosheet stacking Electrical conductivity Seebeck coefficient Thermoelectrics

Arsenic exposure and oxidative damage to lipid,DNA,and protein among general Chinese adults:A repeated-measures cross-sectional and longitudinal study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 382-391页

作者： Yongfang Zhang Min Zhou Dongming Wang Ruyi liang Wei Liu Bin Wang Weihong chen Department of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protectionand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubating)School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Arsenic-related oxidative stress and resultant diseases have attracted global concern,while longitudinal studies are *** assess the relationship between arsenic exposure and systemic oxidative damage,we performed two repeatedmeasures among 5236 observations(4067 participants)in theWuhan-Zhuhai cohort at the baseline and follow-up after 3 *** total arsenic,biomarkers of DNA oxidative damage(8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)),lipid peroxidation(8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha(8-isoPGF2α)),and protein oxidative damage(protein carbonyls(PCO))were detected for all *** we used linearmixed models to estimate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between arsenic exposure and oxidative ***-response curves were constructed by utilizing the generalized additive mixed models with thin plate *** adjusting for potential confounders,arsenic level was significantly and positively related to the levels of global oxidative damage and their annual increased rates in dose-response *** cross-sectional analyses,each 1%increase in arsenic levelwas associated with a 0.406%(95%confidence interval(CI):0.379%to 0.433%),0.360%(0.301%to 0.420%),and 0.079%(0.055%to 0.103%)increase in 8-isoPGF2α,8-OHdG,and PCO,*** importantly,arsenic was further found to be associated with increased annual change rates of 8-isoPGF2α(β:0.147;95%CI:0.130 to 0.164),8-OHdG(0.155;0.118 to 0.192),and PCO(0.050;0.035 to 0.064)in the longitudinal *** study suggested that arsenic exposurewas not only positively related with global oxidative damage to lipid,DNA,and protein in cross-sectional analyses,but also associated with annual increased rates of these biomarkers in dose-dependent manners.

关键词： Arsenic Oxidative stress Oxidative damage 8-isoPGF2α 8-OHdG Protein carbonyls(PCO)