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Food resources of the Khog Gzung site on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA

Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第4期66卷 840-851页

作者： Zhengquan GU Yu GAO Yiru WANG Jishuai YANG Jingkun RAN Xiaoyan YANG Wangdue SHARGAN Mikkel W.PEDERSEN Guilian SHENG Yucheng WANG fahu chen Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of History Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Tibetan Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Relics Lhasa 850008China Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre Globe InstituteUniversity of Copenhagen1350 CopenhagenDenmark State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Department of Zoology University of CambridgeCambridgeCB23EJUK

Traditional zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical methods based on morphological identification of the excavated faunal and floral remains have been broadly used in reconstructing ancient subsistence economies. However, the accuracy and reliability of these methods rely heavily on the preservation state of the remains. By sequencing the ancient DNA of plants,animals, and microorganisms preserved in sediment, sedimentary ancient DNA(sedaDNA) now offers a novel approach for reconstructing the taxa composition dated back to hundreds of thousands of years. Yet, its application in open-air archaeological sites is rarely reported. In this study, we attempted to apply sedaDNA shotgun metagenomics on the archaeological deposits of the Khog Gzung site(an open-air site dated to 3160–2954 cal yr BP) on the Tibetan Plateau, and then compared the reconstructed taxonomic composition to the unearthed remains. Results showed that most of the crops and domestic animals identified by the two approaches, such as barley(Hordeum vulgare) and sheep(Ovis aries), are in general consistent. Some species, such as foxtail millet(Setaria italica), however, were only detected by sedaDNA. In addition, a variety of microorganisms were also detected by the sedaDNA. The two approaches combined revealed diversified food resources at the Khog Gzung site, which included crops such as millet, barley and wheat, domestic animals such as sheep and cattle, and likely also wild animals from fishing and hunting. Our data proves that sedaDNA has a great potential in reconstructing the faunal and floral compositions from archaeological deposits, therefore laying the foundation for its border applications.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Sedimentary ancient DNA Faunal remains Floral remains

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Anthropogenic origin of a change in the fire-climate relationship in northern China after~2000 yr BP:Evidence from a 15,500-year black carbon record from Dali Lake

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第6期32卷 1136-1156页

作者： ZHANG Zhiping LIU Jianbao chen Shengqian ZHANG Shanjia JIA Xin ZHOU Aifeng ZHAO Jiaju chen Jie SHEN Zhongwei chen fahu Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences CASBeijing 100101China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentCASXi’an 710061China

There are debates regarding whether a wet and warm climate or a dry and cold climate dominated Holocene fire activity in northern China on the millennial timescale,and when human activities overtook climate change as the dominant control on fire occurrence in the *** we present a high-resolution fire history for the past~15,500 years from a sediment core in Dali Lake,located in the foothills of the Greater Hinggan Mountains,one of the areas of highest fire risk in *** results demonstrate that fire activity was rare during the last deglaciation(~15,500–11,700 yr BP),gradually increased at the beginning of the Holocene,and reached its highest level during~9000–5000 yr BP,after which there was a decreasing ***,after~2000 yr BP this decreasing trend ended,and the most prominent feature is a peak in fire activity during the Medieval Warm Period(MWP).Overall,fire activity corresponded well to changes in the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)precipitation on the millennial timescale during~15,500–2000 yr BP,but this relationship changed after~2000 yr *** propose that fire activity in northern China on the millennial timescale during~15,500–2000 yr BP was dominated by the biofuels reserve under the control of the EASM *** contrast,with the intensification of human activities after~2000 yr BP,human activity caused a~62%–73%increase in fire activity,which altered the fire-climate relationship that had previously prevailed in northern *** results indicate that a wet-warm climate(increased EASM intensity),rather than a dry-cold climate,was the dominant control on fire activity in northern China during 15,500–2000 yr BP on the millennial timescale,but that human activities played an important role in fire occurrence after~2000 yr BP.

关键词： fire activity East Asian summer monsoon biofuels reserve human activities northern China

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Asian summer monsoon precipitation recorded by stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition in the western Loess Plateau during AD1875―2003 and its linkage with ocean-atmosphere system

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第13期53卷 2041-2049页

作者： LIU JingHua ZHANG PingZhong chenG Hai chen fahu YANG XunLin ZHANG DeZhong ZHOU Jing JIA JiHong AN ChunLei SANG WenCui Kathleen R. JOHNSON Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System of Ministry of Education College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA

Based on 5 high-precision 230Th dates and 103 stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) obtained from the top 16 mm of a stalagmite collected from Wanxiang Cave,Wudu,Gansu,variation of monsoonal precipita-tion in the modern Asian Monsoon (AM) marginal zone over the past 100 years was reconstructed. Comparison of the speleothem δ18O record with instrumental precipitation data at Wudu in the past 50 years indicates a high parallelism between the two curves,suggesting that the speleothem δ18O is a good proxy for the AM strength and associated precipitation,controlled by "amount effect" of the pre-cipitation. Variation of the monsoonal precipitation during the past 100 years can be divided into three stages,increasing from AD 1875 to 1900,then decreasing from AD 1901 to 1946,and increasing again thereafter. This variation is quite similar to that of the Drought/Flooding index archived from Chinese historical documents. This speleothem-derived AM record shows a close association with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) between AD 1875 and 1977,with higher monsoonal precipitation corre-sponding to cold PDO phase and vice versa at decadal timescale. The monsoonal precipitation varia-tion is out of phase with the PDO after AD 1977,probably resulting from the decadal climate jump in the north Pacific occurring at around AD 1976/77. These results demonstrate a strong linkage between the AM and associated precipitation and the Pacific Ocean via ocean/atmosphere interaction. This rela-tionship will aid to forecast future hydrological cycle for the AM monsoon region,and to improve forecasting potential of climatic model with observation data from cave.

关键词：石笋同位素季风降水

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Archaeological records of Dadiwan in the past 60 ka and the origin of millet agriculture

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第16期55卷 1636-1642页

作者： ZHANG DongJu chen fahu BETTINGER R L BARTON L JI DuXue MORGAN C WANG Hui chenG XiaoZhong DONG GuangHui GUILDERSON T P ZHAO Hui Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (MOE) Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Anthropology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Sociology Social Work and Anthropology Utah State University Logan UT 84322 USA Gansu Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Lanzhou 730000 China Preservation Institute ofDadiwan Qin'an 741600 China Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Lawrence Liverrnore National Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

This paper reports the recent excavation of Unit Dadiwan06 at the Dadiwan site in Qin’an County, Gansu.A 65 ka chronological framework is established for Dadiwan06 on the basis of absolute dating (AMS 14C and OSL), stratigraphy, climate change events and *** distributions reveal patterns of human behavioral variation and adaptation over the past 60 ka, from primitive hunting and gathering to advanced hunting and gathering, to primitive Neolithic agriculture, and finally to advanced Neolithic agriculture.

关键词：原始农业考古学大地新石器时代起源小米年代框架气候变化

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New portraits of the Denisovans

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Science Bulletin 2020年第1期65卷 1-3,M0003页

作者： Dongju Zhang Huan Xia Ting cheng fahu chen Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology(LAE) Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System SciencesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Denisovans,well known for their high-coverage genetic sequences,are considered to be a new human species genetically distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans[1].As a close sister group of Neanderthals,Denisovans not only interbred w让h Neanderthals[2],but they also contributed genetically to extant humans,including modern populations in parts of Oceania and Asia,aboriginal Americans and high-alt让ude modern Tibetans[3-5].

关键词： Tibetan 丹尼索瓦人 sister

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The environmental signal of an early Holocene pollen record from the Shiyang River basin lake sediments, NW China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第4期47卷 267-273页

作者： ZHU Yan, chen fahu & Madsen DavidCollege of geography and Environment, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China National Key Laboratory of West Environmental System, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China Utah Geological Surv College of geography and Environment Northwest Normal University Lanzhou China National Key Laboratory of West Environmental System Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Utah Geological Survey Utah USA

Pollen analyses of 85 samples from the San-jiaocheng section well along the margin of a palaeolake at the end of the Shiyang River, NW China, show that Picea and Sabina dominate the pollen assemblage. Together they reach as high as 40%-60%, with the percentage of Picea varying inversely with that of Sabina. Similar results were obtained from another section in the Shiyang River drainage. Using modern ecological habitat relationship analogues, pol-len transport characteristics, and the overall pollen assem-blage, we propose that both Picea and Sabina pollen were transported by the river from the mountains at the upper reaches of the Shiyang River, and that the assemblage is more indicative of changes in upland vegetation than of local conditions near the section. This interpretation is supported by pollen data derived from surface samples, water samples, and riverbed samples. Using a moisture indicator (the Picea to Sabina ratio) and calculated pollen concentrations, we identify a series of

关键词： NW China The environmental signal of an early Holocene pollen record from the Shiyang River basin lake sediments

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Megadrought and cultural exchange along the proto-silk road

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Science Bulletin 2021年第6期66卷 603-611,M0004页

作者： Liangcheng Tan Guanghui Dong Zhisheng An RLawrence Edwards Haiming Li Dong Li Robert Spengler Yanjun Cai Hai cheng Jianghu Lan Rustam Orozbaev Ruiliang Liu Jianhui chen Hai Xu fahu chen State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Chinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710054China Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266061China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolis 55455USA School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210097China Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Library of Chang’an University Xi’an 710064China Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena 07745Germany Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia(Bishkek) Chinese Academy of SciencesBishkek 720040Kyrgyzstan Institute of Geology National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz RepublicBishkek 720040Kyrgyzstan School of Archaeology University of OxfordOxford OX13TGUK Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Arid Central Asia(ACA), with its diverse landscapes of high mountains, oases, and deserts, hosted the central routes of the Silk Roads that linked trade centers from East Asia to the eastern *** pockets and ecoclines in ACA are largely determined by local precipitation. However, little research has gone into the effects of hydroclimatic changes on trans-Eurasian cultural exchange. Here,we reconstruct precipitation changes in ACA, covering the mid-late Holocene with a U-Th dated, ~3 a resolution, multi-proxy time series of replicated stalagmites from the southeastern Fergana Valley,Kyrgyzstan. Our data reveal a 640-a megadrought between 5820 and 5180 a BP, which likely impacted cultural development in ACA and impeded the expansion of cultural traits along oasis routes. Instead,it may have diverted the earliest transcontinental exchange along the Eurasian steppe during the 5 th millennium BP. With gradually increasing precipitation after the megadrought, settlement of peoples in the oases and river valleys may have facilitated the opening of the oasis routes, ‘‘prehistoric Silk Roads", of trans-Eurasian exchange. By the 4 th millennium BP, this process may have reshaped cultures across the two continents, laying the foundation for the organized Silk Roads.

关键词： Megadrought Trans-Eurasian exchange Silk Roads Arid Central Asia Mid-Holocene

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Exceptional terrestrial warmth around 4200-2800 years ago in Northwest China

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Science Bulletin 2022年第4期67卷 427-436,M0004页

作者： Qingfeng Jiang Bowen Meng Zheng Wang Peng Qian Jianan Zheng Jiawei Jiang cheng Zhao Juzhi Hou Guanghui Dong Ji Shen Weiguo Liu Zhonghui Liu fahu chen Institute of Geographic Engineering Technology School of Geography SciencesNantong UniversityNantong 210093China Department of Earth Sciences the University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentCenter for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global ChangeChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China School of Geography and Marine Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210046China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Lake Sciences and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

One of the Holocene abrupt events around 4200 years ago,lasting for~200 years,is thought to have caused cultural disruptions,yet terrestrial climatic status right after the cold/dry event remains poorly defined and is often presumed that a generally cool condition prevailed during the Bronze Age(~4000-2200 years ago).Here we report an alkenone-based summer temperature record over the past~12,000 years,in addition to two updated alkenone records,from Northwest China,providing new insights into the climatic status right after the *** results indicate that exceptional terrestrial warmth,up to~6°C,occurred around 4200-2800 years ago during the Bronze Age,superimposed on the long-term Holocene cooling *** exceptional warmth in Northwest China,together with other climate anomalies elsewhere,suggests an unusual large-scale climatic reorganization at 4200-2800 years ago when solar activity remained high,with important implications to the climate background for cultural developments during the Bronze Age.

关键词： Terrestrial temperature Holocene The Bronze Age Northwest China Alkenones

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Barchans of Minqin:quantifying migration rate of a barchan

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2009年第2期1卷 151-156页

作者： ZhenTing Wang Hui Zhao KeCun Zhang XiaoZong Ren fahu chen Tao Wang Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China. CAEP Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education)Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China.

The migration speed of a typical barchan on the border of Minqin oasis,Gansu Province,northwestern China,was estimated by means of two *** is on the basis of a simple physical model and short-term field *** other comes from the combination of the barchan internal structure detected by ground-penetrating radar and optical/radiocarbon dating *** upper limit of migration speed given by conventional C-14 dating is 3.42 m/*** optically stimulated luminescence dating indicates that the time-average migration speed of the studied barchan was 1.78 m/yr in 28 years prior to *** physical estimation further suggests that the annual migration speed has increased in recent years.

关键词： barchan migration sand flux

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High-resolution climate change in mid-late Holocene on Tianchi Lake,Liupan Mountain in the Loess Plateau in central China and its significance

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Science Bulletin 2010年第20期55卷 2118-2121页

作者： ZHOU AiFeng,SUN HuiLing,chen fahu ,ZHAO Yan,AN chengBang,DONG GuangHui,WANG ZongLi & chen JianHui Center for Arid Environment and Paleoclimate Research,Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System(Ministry of Education),Lanzhou 730000,China Center for Arid Environment and Paleoclimate Research Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System (Ministry of Education) Lanzhou China

According to a core from Tianchi Lake,Liupan Mountain in Loess Plateau sediment,fossil pollen assemblages,magnetic susceptibility(MS)and color scale were measured based on reliable Abies leaf macrofossils radiocarbon *** recovered a very good high-resolution mid-late Holocene climate change achieve for the transition area of the East Asia monsoon region and northwest arid *** results show that the basic climate background was in agreement with the records from cave records in monsoon regions in eastern ***,it shows more detailed records in abrupt climate change.

关键词： high resolution mid-late Holocene Tianchi Lake

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