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Unveiling the secrets of diatom-mediated calcification:Implications for the biological pump

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2895-2909页

作者： Yiwen PAN Yifan LI chen-tung arthur chen Zong-Pei JIANG Wei-Jun CAI Yunwen SHEN Zesheng DING Qixian chen Yanan DI Wei FAN chenba ZHU Ying chen Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Sanya 570203China Department of Oceanography Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGaoxiong 80424China School of Marine Science and Policy University of DelawareNewark DE 19716USA Carbon Neutral Innovation Research Center Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Siliceous diatoms are one of the most prominent actors in the oceans,and they account for approximately 40%of the primary production and particulate organic carbon export *** is believed that changes in carbon flux caused by variations in diatom distribution can lead to significant climate *** the fundamental pathways of diatom-driven carbon sequestration have long been established,there are no reports of CaCO_(3) precipitation induced by marine diatom *** manuscript introduces novel details regarding the enhancement of aragonite precipitation during photosynthesis in Skeletonema costatum in both artificial and natural *** direct measurements of cell surfaces via a pH microelectrode and zeta potential analyzer,it was determined that the diatom-mediated promotion of CaCO_(3) precipitation is achieved through the creation of specific microenvironments with concentrated[CO_(3)^(2-)]and[Ca^(2+)]and/or the dehydrating effect of adsorbed Ca^(2+).Based on this mechanism,it is highly plausible that diatom-mediated calcification could occur in the oceans,an assertion that was supported by the significant deviation of total alkalinity(TA)from the conservative TA-salinity mixing line during a Skeletonema costatum bloom in the East China Sea and other similar *** newly discovered calcification pathway establishes a link between particulate inorganic and organic carbon flux and thus helps in the reassessment of marine carbon export fluxes and CO_(2) sequestration *** discovery may have important ramifications for assessing marine carbon cycling and predicting the potential effects of future ocean acidification.

关键词： Diatom bloom Skeletonema costatum Calcification Biological carbon pump Counter carbonate pump

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Degree of nutrient consumption as an aging index of upwelling or vertically mixed water in the northern Taiwan Strait

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第1期24卷 115-124页

作者： chen chentung arthur HSING Liyu Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung ChinaInstitute of Marine Geology and Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung China

In order to determine the relative aging status of upwelled or vertically mixed water in the northern Taiwan Strait, a recently developed method of calculating the degree of nutrient consumption (DNC) was employed. Upwelling was detected at a water depth of about 75 m in summer. Bottom waters in the aphotic zone and newly-upwelled waters in the euphoric zone were found to be low in terms of their DNC. In general, a low DNC was noted alongside the other traditional upwelling indicators, such as lower temperature and degree of oxygen saturation, but higher salinity, apparent oxygen utilization, nutrient contents and chlorophyll-a. Enhanced vertical mixing, but without an apparent upwelling signal, was detected near the same location in winter.

关键词： upwelling degree of nutrient consumption Taiwan Strait dissolved organic nitrogen dissolved organic phosphorus

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过去3000年来与剧烈种群变化相关的高风蚀颗粒流动和低降雨现象(英文)

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干旱区资源与环境 2004年第S1期18卷 124-135页

作者： chen-tung arthur chen Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan 804

Distinctive white laminations appear in the generally black sediments of the anoxic, subalpine Great Ghost Lake in southern Taiwan. These white laminations have lower porosity, organic matter content and C/N ratio, but higher C/S, N/S ratios and magnetic susceptibility, and contain organic matter most probably derived from phytoplankton. This and the collision marks on the quartz particles suggest that they have an aeolian component and have been deposited in cooler and drier periods. The organic matter of the black sediments is mainly from land plants and the quartz particles bear no collision marks, suggesting local deposition under warmer and wetter climates. These high resolution data, the first not only in Taiwan but also for Southeast Asia, are in good agreement with the local climatological records deduced from documentary sources since 1681 and direct instrumental rainfall measurements at stations nearby since 1900. Rainfall over the past 2600 years has been reconstructed. Major droughts appear in 240 BC, 80 BC, 90 AD, 420-520 AD, 620-700 AD, 850-930 AD, 1350-1430 AD, 1570 AD, 1730-1800 AD and 1960 AD, and correspond to not only the periods of cold/dry and frequent dust storms but also major population declines based on the historical and natural records of China. These seem to reflect large scale climatic changes.

关键词：过去3000年颗粒流动种群变化降雨英文 Paradox Location proxy Import Science

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Trends of carbon and nutrient accumulation through time in the Andong salt marsh,Hangzhou Bay,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第6期41卷 2134-2145页

作者： Pei Sun LOH Aimin JIN Zhanghua LOU Xuegang chen Shuangyan HE chen-tung arthur chen Stephanie PARKER Jianxiong HU Hongwei YUAN Longxiu chenG Department of Marine Sciences Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China Department of Oceanography National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiung 804China

Salt marshes are important carbon and nutrient sinks that are threatened by climate changes and human *** this study,the accumulation rates of sedimentary total organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP)from two cores in the Andong salt marsh,Hangzhou Bay,were investigated to determine whether TOC,TN,and TP show increasing or decreasing trends toward the *** TOC accumulation rates at the relatively lower marsh were lower during 1990-1996(1.63-2.37 g/(cm^(2)·a))than 1997-2014(1.15-4.30 g/(cm^(2)·a)).The TN accumulation rates increased from 1990(0.14 g/(cm^(2)·a))toward 2012(0.40 g/(cm^(2)·a)),then decreased toward 2014(0.16 g/(cm^(2)·a)).The TP accumulation rates were lower during 1990-1999(0.10-0.21 mg/(cm^(2)·a)),and decreased from 2000(0.32 mg/(cm^(2)·a))toward 2014(0.15 mg/(cm^(2)·a)).The TOC accumulation rates along the relatively upper marsh during 1982-1992(1.18-3.25 g/(cm^(2)·a))were lower than during 1998-2010(2.30-4.20 g/(cm^(2)·a)),and then decreased toward 2015(2.15 g/(cm^(2)·a)).TN increased from 1982(0.18 g/(cm^(2)·a))to 2005(0.41 g/(cm^(2)·a)),then decreased toward 2015(0.22 g/(cm^(2)·a)).TP accumulation rates fluctuated within a narrow range during 1982-1997(0.21-0.41 mg/(cm^(2)·a)),increased from 1998(0.50 mg/(cm^(2)·a))to 2004(0.87 mg/(cm^(2)·a)),then decreased to 2015(0.38 mg/(cm^(2)·a)).Thus,increases in accumulation rates of TOC,TN,and TP from the 1980s to 1990s indicates that the marsh likely served as carbon and nutrient sinks,then the rates decreased during 2000-2015 due probably to the reduced sediment inputs from rivers and intensified sea level rise.

关键词： wetland climate change anthropogenic activity marsh degradation

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Recurrences for Callan's Generalization of Narayana Polynomials

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2022年第4期35卷 1573-1585页

作者： chen Xi YANG arthur Li Bo ZHAO James Jing Yu School of Mathematical Sciences Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China Center for Combinatorics LPMCNankai UniversityTianjin300071China School of Mathematics Tianjin UniversityTianjin300350China

By using chen,Hou and Mu’s extended Zeilberger algorithm,the authors obtain two recurrence relations for Callan’s generalization of Narayana *** on these recurrence relations,the authors further prove the real-roote... 详细信息

关键词： Asymptotic normality Callan’s Narayana polynomials central limit theorem local limit theorem real zeros

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The impact of Kuroshio water on the source water of the southeastern Taiwan Strait:numerical results

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第9期34卷 23-34页

作者： ZHANG Wenzhou ZHUANG Xuefen chen chentung arthur HUANG Tinghsuan State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Coastal and Ocean Management Institute Xiamen University Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies Xiamen University Department of Oceanography National Sun Yat-sen University Institute of Marine Resources Zhejiang University

Model output from a Pacific basin-wide three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical model during the period of 1991 to 2008 was used to investigate the impact of Kuroshio water on the source water of the southeastern Taiwan Strait. Based on the characteristic salinities of both Kuroshio water and the South China Sea water, a Kuroshio impact index （KII） was designed to measure the degree of impact. The KII correlates significantly with the northeast-southwest component of wind stress, but the former lags the latter by approximately two months. The correlation coefficient between them increases from 0.267 4 to 0.852 9, with a lag time increasing from 0 to 63 days. The impact of Kuroshio Water is greater in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. At the interannual time scale, E1 Nifio and La Nifia events play an important role in impacting the KII. During E1 Nifio events, more Kuroshio water contributes to the source water of the southeastern Taiwan Strait. Conversely, during La Nifia events, less Kuroshio water contributes to the source water.

关键词： Kuroshio water seasonal variation interannual variation Taiwan Strait

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Carbonate chemistry and the anthropogenic CO_2 in the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1995年第1期14卷 47-57页

作者： chen-tung arthur chen and Ming-Hsiung Huang((Institute of Marine Geology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China)

In order to understand the water mass exchange between the South China Sea and the West PhilippineSea, and to study the dissolved carbonate system in the seas surrounding Taiwan Island, we participated in five WOCEcruises (Cruises 257, 262, 266, 287 and 316) aboard R/V Ocean Researcher 1. The areas studied were the South ChinaSea, the West Philippine Sea and the Bashi Channel. Temperature, salinity, pH, alkalinity and total CO2 were *** data indicate that because of the interference of the submarine topography and the Kuroshio axis, there existsa 'front' south of the Lanyu Islet. East of it, the water mass belongs to the West Philippine Sea, on the west in themixed water of the South China Sea and the West Philippine *** South China Sea deep water should have the characteristics similar to the water at about 2 200 m in the WestPhilippine Sea. The calculated results from the residence time, the inorganic carbon dissolution rate and the organic carbon decomposition rate show that the differences between these two water masses should be between 0. 008～0. 023 inpH, 5. 2～15. 0 μmol/kg in apparent oxygen utilization, 3. 6～10. 2 μmol/kg in alkalinity and 6. 4～18. 4 μmol/kg intotal CO2, respectively. The measured results show that there are no distinguishable differences between these two watermasses, implying a short deep water residence time of approximately 40 *** anthropogenic CO2 penetrates to roughly 500 m, slightly shallower than found in the West Philippine Sea. Theentire South China Sea contains (0. 38±0. 1 ) × 1015 g excess CO2.

关键词： Carbonate chemistry and the anthropogenic CO2 in the South China Sea CO

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2020年第5期25卷 604-613页

作者： Jinchang Hu Jinfu chen Lin Zhang Yisong Liu Qihao Bao Hilary Ackah-arthur Chi Zhang the School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Developing secure software systems is a major challenge in the software industry due to errors or weaknesses that bring vulnerabilities to the software *** address this challenge,researchers often use the source code features of vulnerabilities to improve vulnerability *** the success achieved by these techniques,the existing studies mainly focus on the conceptual description without an accurate definition of vulnerability *** this study,we introduce a novel and efficient Memory-Related Vulnerability Detection Approach using Vulnerability Features (MRVDAVF).Our framework uses three distinct strategies to improve vulnerability *** the first stage,we introduce an improved Control Flow Graph (CFG) and Pointer-related Control Flow Graph (PCFG) to describe the features of some common vulnerabilities,including memory leak,doublefree,and ***,two algorithms,namely Vulnerability Judging algorithm based on Vulnerability Feature (VJVF) and Feature Judging (FJ) algorithm,are employed to detect memory-related ***,the proposed model is validated using three test cases obtained from Juliet Test *** experimental results show that the proposed approach is feasible and effective.

关键词： vulnerability feature Control Flow Graph(CFG) Memory Leak(ML) Double-Free(DF) Use-After-Free(UAF)

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Transition to a low-carbon city： lessons learned from Suzhou in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第3期6卷 373-386页

作者： Wenling LIU Can WANG Xi XIE arthur P.J.MOL Jining chen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Environmental Policy Group Wageningen UniversityWageningen 6706 KNthe Netherlands The Administrative Centre for China's Agenda 21 Beijing 100038China

Climate change has become one of the most serious challenges facing humanity; developing a low- carbon economy provides new opportunities for addressing this issue. Building a low-carbon city has been pursued by people with a high degree of enthusiasm in China. Different from actions at the national level and distinct from practices of developed countries, low-carbon development in Chinese cities should be placed on diverse concerns. Taking Suzhou of Jiangsu Province of China as a case city, this paper adopts a scenario analysis approach to explore strategic focal points in the transition to a low- carbon city. Within this transition, we mainly focus on the different contributions from two factors-economic restruc- turing and technological upgrading. Scenario analysis results show that 1） in the case of no breakthrough technologies, it is difficult to achieve absolute emission reductions; 2） technologies involved in optimizing energy structure and improving energy efficiency of basic service sectors should be highly emphasized in local planning; 3） in comparison with technological upgrading, economic structural adjustment could be a stronger contributor to mitigation, which is one of the main differences from developed countries. However, the key issue of economic restructuring is to promote the growth of emerging low- carbon industries, which requires not only a strategic choice of new industries but also an introduction of advanced low-carbon technologies. It is also found that establishing a local carbon emissions accounting system is a prerequisite and the first priority for realizing a low-carbon transition and government capacity buildings should be strengthened accordingly.

关键词： low-carbon city economic restructuring tech- nology upgrading

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A Method for Software Vulnerability Detection Based on Improved Control Flow Graph

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2019年第2期24卷 149-160页

作者： ZHOU Minmin chen Jinfu LIU Yisong ACKAH-arthur Hilary chen Shujie ZHANG Qingchen ZENG Zhifeng School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu University

With the rapid development of software technology, software vulnerability has become a major threat to computer security. The timely detection and repair of potential vulnerabilities in software, are of great significance in reducing system crashes and maintaining system security and integrity. This paper focuses on detecting three common types of vulnerabilities: Unused_Variable, Use_of_Uninitialized_Variable, and Use_After_ Free. We propose a method for software vulnerability detection based on an improved control flow graph(ICFG) and several predicates of vulnerability properties for each type of vulnerability. We also define a set of grammar rules for analyzing and deriving the three mentioned types of vulnerabilities, and design three vulnerability detection algorithms to guide the process of vulnerability detection. In addition, we conduct cases studies of the three mentioned types of vulnerabilities with real vulnerability program segments from Common Weakness Enumeration(CWE). The results of the studies show that the proposed method can detect the vulnerability in the tested program segments. Finally, we conduct manual analysis and experiments on detecting the three types of vulnerability program segments(30 examples for each type) from CWE, to compare the vulnerability detection effectiveness of the proposed method with that of the existing detection tool Cpp Check. The results show that the proposed method performs better. In summary, the method proposed in this paper has certain feasibility and effectiveness in detecting the three mentioned types of vulnerabilities, and it will also have guiding significance for the detection of other common vulnerabilities.

关键词： software security software vulnerability improved control flow graph vulnerability detection algorithm

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