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Areas of the global major river plumes

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第1期32卷 79-88页

作者： KANG Yan PAN Delu BAI Yan HE Xianqiang chen Xiaoyan chen chen-tung arthur WANG Difeng Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung

River plumes are the regions where the most intense river-sea-land interaction occurs, and they are char- acterized by complex material transport and biogeochemical processes. However, due to their highly dy- namic nature, global river plume areas have not yet been determined for use in synthetic studies of global oceanography. Based on global climatological monthly averaged salinity data from the NOAA World Ocean Atlas 2009 （WOA09）, and monthly averaged salinity contour maps of the East and South China Seas from the Chinese Marine Atlas, we extract the monthly plume areas of major global rivers using a geographic information system （GIS） technique. Only areas with salinities that are three salinity units lower than the average salinity in each ocean are counted. This conservative estimate shows that the minimum and max- imum monthly values of the total plume area of the world＇s 19 largest rivers are 1.72× 106 kin2 in May and 5.38× 106 klTl2 inAugust. The annual mean area of these river plumes （3.72× 106 knl2） takes up approximately 14.2% of the total continental shelves area worldwide （26.15 × 106 km2）. This paper also presents river plume areas for different oceans and latitude zones, and analyzes seasonal variations of the plume areas and their relationships with river discharge. These statistics describing the major global river plume areas can now provide the basic data for the various flux calculations in the marginal seas, and therefore will be of useful for many oceanographic studies.

关键词： river plume World Ocean Atlas geography information system Changjiang River marginal sea

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Spatial distribution pattern of seafloor hydrothermal vents to the southeastern Kueishan Tao offshore Taiwan Island

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第4期33卷 37-44页

作者： HAN chenhua YE Ying PAN Yiwen QIN Huawei WU Guanghai chen chen-tung arthur The Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Zhejiang University Hangzhou Dianzi University National Sun Yat-sen University

Investigations of the diffusion activities both within and outside the seafloor hydrothermal vents, as well as related mineral genesis, have been one of the key focuses of ocean biogeochemistry studies. Many hy- drothermal vents are distributed close to the southern Okinawa Trough on the less-than-30-m deep shallow seafloor off Kueishan Tao, northeast of Taiwan Island. Investigations of temperature, pH and Eh at four depths of hydrothermal plume were carried out near Kueishan Tao at the white （24.83°N, 121.9°E） and yellow （24.83°N, 121.96°E） vents. An 87 h of temperature time series observation-undertaken near the white vent showed that tide is the main factor affecting the background environment. Based on the observed data, 3-dimensional sliced diffusion fields were obtained and analyzed. It was concluded that the plume diffused mainly from north to south due to ebb tide. The yellow vent＇s plume could effect as far as the white vent surface. From the temperature diffusion field, the vortices of the plume were observed. The Eh negative abnormality was a better indicator to search for hydrothermal plumes and locate hydrothermal vents than high temperature and low pH abnormalities.

关键词： Taiwan Kueishan Tao epithermal hydrothermal chemical sensor pH Eh

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Buoyancy leads to high productivity of the Changjiang diluted water:a note

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第6期27卷 133-140页

作者： chen chen-tung arthur Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University

Being the mightiest river emptying into the East China Sea （ECS） and the Pacific Ocean, compounded with the large increase of nitrogen and phosphorus input due to anthropogenic activities, the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） has become a dominating source of these nutrients to the estuary. The high nutrient concentrations notwithstanding, however, outside of the estuary the high biological productivity of the Changjiang diluted water （CDW） are most probably fueled mainly by nutrient-rich subsurface waters originating from the upwelled Kuroshio waters. This is because while the buoyancy of the CDW spreads it out on the ECS continen- tal shelf, the CDW entrains subsurface waters along with the nutrients. Nutrients thus supplied are several times more than those supplied by the Changjiang River.

关键词： Changjiang River Changjiang diluted water nutrients Three Gorges Dam productivity buoyancy

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The satellite reversion of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) based on the analysis of the mixing behavior of DOC and colored dissolved organic matter: the East China Sea as an example

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第2期32卷 1-11页

作者： LIU Qiong PAN Delu BAI Yan WU Kai chen chen-tung arthur SUN Jun ZHANG Lin State Key Laboratory for Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan University State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Oceanography and Environmental ScienceXiamen University Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University College of Marine Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology

The retrieval of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） distribution by remote sensing is mainly based on the em- pirical relationship of DOC concentration and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） concentration in many literatures. To investigate the nature of this relationship, the distributions and mixing behaviors of DOC and CDOM are reviewed in the world＇s major estuaries and bays. It is found that, generally, the C- DOM concentration is well correlated with the salinity in most estuaries, while DOC usually shows a non- conservative behavior which leads to a weak correlation between the DOC concentration and the CDOM concentration. To establish a good satellite reversion of the DOC concentration, the East China Sea（ECS） was taken as an example, and the mixing behavior of DOC and CDOM as well as the influence of biogeo- chemical processes were analyzed except for the physical mixing process with the data from late autumn （November, 2010） and winter （December, 2009） cruises. In the two ECS cruises, the CDOM concentration was found to be tightly correlated with the salinity, influenced little by the photochemical or biological pro- cesses. The data from the winter cruise show that DOC followed a conservative mixing along the salinity gradient, while in the late autumn cruise it was significantly affected by the biological activities, resulting in a poor correlation between the DOC and the CDOM. Accordingly, an improved DOC algorithm （CSDM） was proposed： when the biological influence was significant （Chl a greater than 0.8 μg/dm3）, DOC was retrieved by the conservative and biological model, and if the conservative mixing was dominant （Chl a less than 0.8 μg/dm3）, the direct DOC concentration and CDOM concentration relationship was used. Based on the pro- posed algorithm, a reasonable DOC distribution for the ECS from satellite was obtained in this study, and the proposed method can be applied to the other large river-dominant marginal sea.

关键词： dissolved organic carbon colored dissolved organic matter estuary East China Sea satellite reversion

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A new electroplated Ir/Ir(OH)_x pH electrode and its application in the coastal areas of Newport Harbor, California

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第5期36卷 99-104页

作者： ZHANG Xiao YE Ying KAN Yating HUANG Yuanfeng JIA Jianjun ZHAO Yue chen chen-tung arthur QIN Huawei Ocean College Zhejiang University Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University School of Mechanical Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi University

Resulting from the rising levels of atmospheric carbon, ocean acidification has become a global problem. It has significant impacts on the development, survival, growth and physiology of marine organisms. Therefore, a high- precision sensor is urgently needed to measure the pH of sea-water. Iridium wire with a diameter of 0.25 mm is used as the substrate, and an Ir/Ir（OH）x pH electrode is prepared by a one-step electrochemical method in a LiOH solution at the room temperature. A scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation reveals that it is coated with nanoscale particles. In laboratory tests, the electrode exhibits a very promising pH response, with an ideal Nernst slope （56.14-59.52）, fast response, good stability and long fife-span in tested pH buffer solutions. For a sea trial, four pH electrodes and one Ag/AgC1 reference electrode are integrated with a self-made chemical sensor, and a profile detection of nearly 70 m is implemented near Newport Harbor, California on August 3, 2015. The results reflect that the pH value measured by the sensor is very close to the data given by Sea-Bird 911 plus CTD, with a difference value ranging from 0.000 075 to 0.064 719. And the sensor shows a better data matching degree in 0-40 m water depth. In addition, the high precision and accuracy of the sensor make it possible to use in the ocean observation field.

关键词： Ir/Ir(OH)x electrode pH value electroplating Newport Harbor California

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Satellite remote sensing of ultraviolet irradiance on the ocean surface

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第6期34卷 101-112页

作者： LI Teng PAN Delu BAI Yan LI Gang HE Xianqiang chen chen-tung arthur GAO Kunshan LIU Dong LEI Hui State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Institute of Remote Sensing and Earth Science Hangzhou Normal University Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry College of Marine Sciences National Sun Yat-Sen University State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University

Ultraviolet （UV） radiation has a significant influence on marine biological processes and primary productivity; however, the existing ocean color satellite sensors seldom contain UV bands. A look-up table of wavelength- integrated UV irradiance （280-400 nm） on the sea surface is established using the coupled ocean atmosphere radiative transfer （COART） model. On the basis of the look-up table, the distributions of the UV irradiance at middle and low latitudes are inversed by using the satellite-derived atmospheric products from the Aqua satellite, including aerosol optical thickness at 550 nm, ozone content, liquid water path, and the total precipitable water. The validation results show that the mean relative difference of the 10 d rolling averaged UV irradiance between the satellite retrieval and field observations is 8.20% at the time of satellite passing and 13.95% for the daily dose of UV. The monthly-averaged UV irradiance and daily dose of UV retrieved by satellite data show a good correlation with the in situ data, with mean relative differences of 6.87% and 8.43%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis of satellite inputs is conducted. The liquid water path representing the condition of cloud has the highest effect on the retrieval of the UV irradiance, while ozone and aerosol have relatively lesser effect. The influence of the total precipitable water is not significant. On the basis of the satellite-derived UV irradiance on the sea surface, a preliminary simple estimation of ultraviolet radiation＇s effects on the global marine primary productivity is presented, and the results reveal that ultraviolet radiation has a non-negligible effect on the estimation of the marine primary productivity.

关键词： ultraviolet radiation remote sensing radiative transfer marine primary productivity

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Submarine groundwater discharge around Taiwan

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第6期37卷 18-22页

作者： chen chen-tung arthur ZHANG Jing PENG Tsung-Ren KANDASAMY Selvaraj WANG Deli LIN Yi-Jie Department of Oceanography National Sun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environmental Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Environmental Biology and Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences National Chung Hsing University State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University

A preliminary study shows that the submarine groundwater discharge（SGD） exists around Taiwan even though groundwater overdrawing on the island is serious. Fifteen of the 20 sites studied for major anions and cations recorded a clear SGD signal with freshwater outflow. A total of 278 salinity and major ion measurements were made. Sixteen nearly freshwater SGD（salinity≤1.0） samples were obtained, providing strong and direct evidence for the existence of fresh meteoric groundwater entering the ocean from Taiwan. The total SGD flux is estimated to be 1.07×1010 t/a which is about 14% of the annual river output. The freshwater component of the SGD is3.85×109 t which is about 5.2% of the annual river discharge in Taiwan. The collected SGD has a composition similar to seawater with an addition of Ca, CO3 and HCO3 due to dissolution of calcareous rocks. Some samples with high Cl/（Na＋K） may indicate pollution.

关键词： submarine groundwater discharge Taiwan flux major components seawater intrusion

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台湾近海热液体系独特的生物及地球化学特征

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海洋学报 2019年第10期41卷 161-168页

作者：陈雪刚吴斌郑豪樊炜叶瑛陈镇东浙江大学海洋学院浙江舟山316021 台湾中山大学海洋科学系台湾高雄80424

台湾地处西太平洋构造活动带,近海发育了多处热液活动,其中最典型的为龟山岛和绿岛热液体系。本文对海峡两岸在龟山岛和绿岛热液的地球化学特征以及周边生物体的响应的研究进展进行了综述。龟山岛热液喷出流体具有全球最低的pH(1.52),... 详细信息

台湾地处西太平洋构造活动带,近海发育了多处热液活动,其中最典型的为龟山岛和绿岛热液体系。本文对海峡两岸在龟山岛和绿岛热液的地球化学特征以及周边生物体的响应的研究进展进行了综述。龟山岛热液喷出流体具有全球最低的pH(1.52),富含重金属元素和CO2等酸性气体,是周围海水中有色溶解有机质的来源;绿岛具有全球热液中最低的溶解有机碳浓度(14μmol/L),且具有特殊的动力学特性。喷口周边分布了较为罕见的自然硫烟囱体和硫磺球。喷口的高毒性、高酸性热液改变了热液区生物体如螃蟹的生活习性和解毒机制。热液区的主要活跃菌群为参与碳、硫和氮代谢途径的γ-和ε-变形菌。主要生物质合成以硫还原和硫氧化的化能无机自养型生物为主,微生物硫代谢促进了热液系统中的微生物能量流动和元素循环作用。某些热液生物采用繁殖期迁徙的机制应对高毒性、高酸性热液环境。在热液活动的胁迫下,这些微生物产生了新颖独特的代谢产物。此外,龟山岛和绿岛热液体系还受到了潮汐、台风和地震等灾害性事件的影响。台湾近海热液体系的研究对认识热液地球化学循环、探讨热液的生态环境效应等具有重要的意义。

关键词：龟山岛绿岛热液活动高酸性流体热液微生物代谢产物溶解有机碳

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台湾龟山岛海底热液和绿岛陆上热泉伴生气体组分组成

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热带海洋学报 2013年第6期32卷 50-57页

作者：张海燕杨灿尧陈镇东陈雪刚秦华伟金爱民丁茜潘依雯夏枚生叶瑛中国科学院三亚深海科学与工程研究所(筹) 海南三亚572000 浙江大学海洋科学与工程学系浙江杭州310058 台湾大学地质学系中国台湾台北106 台湾中山大学海洋地质及化学研究所中国台湾高雄80424 杭州电子科技大学机械电子工程研究所浙江杭州310018

热液伴生气体组成对分析热液来源,评估热液区岩浆活动的活跃程度,进而评估其生态环境效应具有重要意义。利用自制的活塞式水中游离气体取样器采集台湾龟山岛和绿岛上热液喷口热液活动伴生气体样品,采用MAT271型质谱计对其组分进行了分... 详细信息

热液伴生气体组成对分析热液来源,评估热液区岩浆活动的活跃程度,进而评估其生态环境效应具有重要意义。利用自制的活塞式水中游离气体取样器采集台湾龟山岛和绿岛上热液喷口热液活动伴生气体样品,采用MAT271型质谱计对其组分进行了分析。结果表明,龟山岛热液区热液活动伴生气体以CO2为主,显示出高含量CH4、CO2和H2S等活性气体,低含量SO2、HCl等低温火山区温泉释放气体的特点;2011年龟山岛白泉喷口和黄泉喷口热液气体中CO2、N2、CH4的平均含量分别为642.8‰、149.4‰、177.5‰和740.1‰、36.7‰、30.9‰。绿岛陆上热泉热液活动伴生气体以惰性气体N2为主,富含CH4,较少CO2、H2S等活性气体;2012年绿岛朝日温泉煮蛋区和绿岛潮间带近岸侧温泉池的热液气体中CO2、N2、CH4的平均含量分别为1.1‰、805.8‰、126.9‰和34.4‰、7.9‰、899.5‰。推测龟山岛附近海域热液区伴生气体来源比绿岛陆上热泉伴生气体可能更深,前者在向上运移的过程中与围岩的反应弱于后者。

关键词：海底热液龟山岛绿岛二氧化碳甲烷硫化氢

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Effects of ultraviolet radiation on marine primary production with reference to satellite remote sensing

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第2期9卷 237-247页

作者： Teng LI Yan BAI Gang LI Xianqiang HE chen-tung arthur chen[ Kunshan GAO Dong LIU State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry College of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 80424 China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

Incubation experiments have shown that ultra- violet radiation （UVR） has significant influences on marine primary production （MPP）. However, existing satellite remote sensing models of MPP only consider the effects of visible light radiation, ignoring the UVR. Additionally, the ocean color satellite data currently used for MPP estimation contain no UV bands. To better understand the mechanism of MPP model development with reference to satellite remote sensing, including UVR＇s effects, we first reviewed recent studies of UVR＇s effects on phytoplankton and MPP, which highlights the need for improved satellite remote sensing of MPP. Then, based on current MPP models using visible radiation, we discussed the quantitative methods used to implement three key model variables related to UVR： the UVR intensity at the sea surface, the attenuation of UVR in the euphotic layer, and the maximum or optimal photosynthetic rate, con- sidering the effects of UVR. The implementation of these UVR-related variables could be useful in further assessing UVR＇s effects on the remote sensing of MPP, and in re- evaluating our existing knowledge of MPP estimation at large spatial scales and long-time scales related to global change.

关键词： photosynthetically active radiation ultravioletradiation marine primary production satellite remotesensing radiative transfer model

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